Interior Space Research Articles

Augmented Reality in the Interior Spaces: A Systematic Review

Augmented Reality in the Interior Spaces: A Systematic Review

A Proposal for the Improvement of Daylight Integration and Distribution in the Educational Interior Space Through a (Pro-Sun) Ceiling Design with Curved Surfaces

The use of daylight as the primary lighting source in buildings is crucial for achieving energy savings. Significantly reducing the dependence on artificial lighting sources relies on more efficient utilization of available daylight and enhancement of its quantity and distribution within interior spaces. The appropriate use of daylight not only enhances energy efficiency in indoor spaces but also positively impacts users’ health and performance. A growing body of research has focused on methods for maximizing the use of daylight in interior environments. This study proposes a ceiling design aimed at utilizing daylight more efficiently in interior spaces. The quantity of daylight in an educational space was calculated using the VELUX Daylight Visualizer program by comparing the results of existing, diagonal, and curved ceiling designs. Light levels were measured before and after the addition of Pro-Sun to assess daylight integration and distribution in the studios’ interior spaces. The design studio was analyzed based on orientation (north-south), school semester, active hours, and ceiling type. As a result of the comparison of ceiling types, the Pro-Sun ceiling system with curved reflectors had the most daylight integration capacity and distribution in the deeper the studio’s interior space.

Unknown interiors of ancient Egypt: producing by artificial intelligence in the context of light-space relationship

This study presents a design method aimed at visualizing cultural heritage through the architecture of ancient Egypt using modern technologies. With the deepening of the digital age, the use of digital technology and artificial intelligence in cultural heritage research has become an important tool for renewing and disseminating period architecture. The reason for choosing the interior spaces of ancient Egypt as a sample in this study is that, in addition to leaving a rich heritage in the field of architecture, ancient Egypt offers distinct period architecture in terms of space-light relationship. As a result of literature review, keywords related to architecture and the relationship between space and light in the Ancient Period were identified, and the study was visualized using the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence technology of today, namely human-computer interaction combined with text-to-image technology. The motivation and aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of reanimating cultural heritage like ancient period architectures in the computer environment based on interpretation, contributing to architectural sustainability, and spreading to future periods.

Color Design in Preschool Interior Spaces: A Comparative Analysis of Two Preschools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

As one of the crucial components of the microsystem system in human development, the educational environment plays a significant role in shaping young children’s holistic development. Preschool interior space could be one of the most important places where children first interact in school life. Specifically, the interior space of preschool is the place where young children spend a lot of time in their lives surpassing the home environment. In Vietnam, research on preschool interior design, particularly in the context of color usage, remains limited despite there is high demand to build preschool buildings to adapt to the increasing number of young children going to kindergarten each year, such as in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). This paper explores color designs in preschool interiors in HCMC, Vietnam; aiming to propose colors that align with children’s developmental needs and pedagogical practices. Through conducting the data from reviewing academic articles and papers, on-site observation case studies in both public preschool and private preschools, focus on interior classroom space, visual-spatial, and color comparative analysis, and utilizing Adobe's palette extractor for color palette, this paper explores the application of color design in preschool interior space. The findings suggest the potential benefits of using bright and cool tones for background colors, complemented by vibrant hues such as blue, red, yellow, or orange for accents in interior spaces. Aligning with pedagogical practices, the use of color can create stimulating environments that encourage children to explore and discover. Additionally, attention should be given to factors such as flooring materials, cultural context, and spatial functionality. The findings of this paper contribute to the limited academic resources on color space design in Vietnam, providing valuable insights for architects, interior designers, teachers, and educators to make informed decisions when designing preschool environments.

APPLICATION OF CONTEMPORARY MATERIALIZATION OF INTERIOR PARTITION IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AS AN ACOUSTIC CHALLENGE

In recent years, the construction of industrial buildings in local areas has been dynamically increasing. In the context of modern architecture and construction, besides functionality in terms of meeting basic structural requirements, technological processes, and building design, achieving acoustic comfort within the workspace has become one of the primary design challenges. Analyzing contemporary design trends in the field of industrial building architecture reveals an increasing prevalence of using "flexible" interior partitions, both in their materialization and in architectural-functional organization. The tendency to use "light materialization," which aims to provide visual interaction as well, represents a unique engineering-architectural challenge. This paper investigates the impact of applying modern materialization of interior partitions, through a case study of an industrial building in Niš, on the potential to achieve adequate acoustic comfort. The aim of the study is to explore to what extent and in what way the application of different types of materialization, determined by the functional requirements of the space, influences the creation of an appropriate acoustic environment. The paper will analyze the possibilities of optimizing the materialization of interior partitions to achieve adequate acoustic ambiance while respecting architectural- design requirements. By simulating the acoustic performance of several models of modern materializations of interior partitions, an analysis of their acoustic characteristics (insulation power) will be conducted. The simulation of the models was carried out using the INSUL program, specialized for calculating sound insulation through various elements and construction assemblies. The obtained results will provide a preliminary "path to follow" in the architectural search for adequate acoustic comfort in the interior spaces of industrial buildings.

Emotional Design of Interior Spaces: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities

At present, the integration of cultural and emotional aspects in interior designs is considered to be crucial. The combined emotional and new Chinese decorative style effects of interior spaces have not been examined adequately in previous studies. Thus, this study focuses on the role of new Chinese decorative elements in influencing emotional aspects within the context of interior design in China. To fulfil this aim, a qualitative approach was utilized. For this purpose, the data is gathered in two phases. In phase I, semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data from 5 interior designers. In phase II, data was collected from a focus group discussion with 6 experts. Nvivo 12 software was used for conducting a thematic analysis of the collected transcripts within the context of interview strategy. However, for focus group discussion, content analysis was conducted. The findings from five interior designers showed that emotional aspects in interior designs are impacted by cultural elements. Moreover, numerous challenges in interior design can be overcome by the integration of emotional strategies. The results have shown that the emotional and cultural aspects are crucial for the development of creative interior spaces. Three levels of emotional design have been identified from focus group discussion. Visual aesthetic level comprises of novelty, color conformity, order and sequence, and richness of design. Three main functional levels are usability, comfort, and privacy. Individual level consists of culture, personalization, and fashion elements. Therefore, this study can be effective in promoting the development of creative interior spaces with a comprehensive focus on the levels of emotional design in the context of the new Chinese decorative style.

Revolutionizing interior Spaces: A comprehensive analysis of LED lighting for illumination and communication in modern Architecture

Revolutionizing interior Spaces: A comprehensive analysis of LED lighting for illumination and communication in modern Architecture

Exploring Illumination and Communication: A Comprehensive Analysis of LED Lighting in Modern Interior Architectural Designs, Enhanced by Weighted Sum Model and Cluster Analysis for Informed Lighting Selection

ABSTRACTThe study of light is crucial in modern interiors, as it dispels darkness and enhances both functionality and aesthetics. From the primal flicker of flames in ancient caves to the advanced light emitting diode (LED) systems of today, lighting has been pivotal in shaping our surroundings and experiences. In contemporary interior architectural designs, lighting fulfills not only functional roles but also greatly influences the aesthetics and atmosphere of a space. Light has been an integral element in sleek interior architecture. With the advancements in LED technology, the approach to illuminating spaces has been transformed providing energy‐efficient solutions. This paper explores the role of LED lighting in modern interior architectural designs focusing on its impact on illumination and communication. Using a weighted sum model and cluster analysis, the various LED lighting configurations are evaluated for their suitability in different spaces. Performance metrics such as illuminance levels, uniformity, adherence to standards, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) are analyzed. By varying the configurations of LED array per position from 10 × 10 to 100 × 100 the performance across different scales is assessed. The results offer insights for selecting LED lighting options that optimize functionality, aesthetics and energy efficiency in modern interior spaces.

Microsoft Bing as an Assistive Tool in Interior Space Design Process (for Professionals and Students): A Directed Prompt Writing Strategy

Microsoft Bing as an Assistive Tool in Interior Space Design Process (for Professionals and Students): A Directed Prompt Writing Strategy

Enhancing indoor temperature mapping: High-resolution insights through deep learning and computational fluid dynamics

This paper examines the temperature distribution in a closed, rectangular room equipped with an air conditioning system, employing a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate a virtual thermal camera that captures detailed temperature snapshots. A super-resolution framework enhances the postprocessing of these results. Specifically, convolutional neural networks, trained on simulation data, are used to accurately model temperature fields' high-resolution spatial and temporal evolution. The model demonstrates strong performance by accurately reconstructing temperature profiles from low-resolution inputs obtained from filtering data obtained using high-resolution numerical simulations, with quantitative metrics indicating acceptable accuracy for resolutions reduced by up to 50 times. This effectively aligns with ground truth profiles under various conditions. These results underscore the super-resolution model's potential to transform environmental monitoring in smart buildings and complex structures by generating high-resolution thermal maps from low-resolution cameras or limited sensor input. This approach offers a fast, cost-effective, and reliable method for accurately modeling thermal dynamics within the turbulent flow environments of interior spaces.

Reading Interiors in 1980s Ankara: Transformation of Gallery Art Production and Private Art Galleries

This study examines Gallery Sanat Yapım, one of the first private art galleries in Ankara, as a representation of urban transformation in the 1980s. Gallery Sanat Yapım is analyzed using qualitative longitudinal research and document analysis. This process highlights its spatial and temporal transformations. To provide an understanding of the gallery's role in Ankara's art scene, the research incorporates data collected through interviews in addition to an analysis of written, visual, and audio materials. The evaluation includes an examination of these sources to reveal the impact of galleries on Ankara's cultural scene. In contrast to government-supported art galleries, this research emphasizes the distinctive characteristics of private galleries, such as Gallery Sanat Yapım, which played a pivotal role in shaping Ankara's cultural identity. Thus, as a cultural and urban setting, the importance of gallery spaces is emphasized through the evaluation of interior space and spatial context. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial components offers crucial insights into audience engagement with artworks. In conclusion, the findings shed light on the opportunities and challenges faced by both private and state-supported art galleries during the period. This research contributes novel perspectives on the intersection of space, art, and society within Ankara's evolving urban landscape, thereby enriching scholarly discourse. Ultimately, the study underscores the crucial role of private galleries in preserving and shaping the city's cultural heritage, paving the way for future academic investigations in this field.

Smart Floor Cleaning System: A Review

The automatic floor cleaner described above integrates a number of components to efficiently travel and clean interior spaces. The main purpose of this device is to utilizing an Arduino microcontroller, synchronize the activities of many sensors and actuators. The ultrasonic sensor serves as the primary instrument for detecting obstacles and determining the cleaner's separation from walls or other objects. At the same time, the infrared sensor enhances detection capabilities, particularly when there are surface flaws or low-lying impediments. Communication and control are made easier by the integration of a Bluetooth module, which offers wireless connectivity with a smartphone or other compatible devices. Users can remotely operate the cleaner, adjust its settings, or monitor its condition using a certain smartphone application. The device's rechargeable battery power enables portability and independence while cleaning. The cleaning mechanism is powered by a BLDC (Brushless DC) motor, which is renowned for its dependability and efficiency. When used in conjunction with an electronic speed controller and motor driver, the motor's direction and speed can be precisely controlled. This setup allows the cleaner to adapt its cleaning strategy to shifting environmental conditions or user preferences.

Analyzing numerical simulation of ventilation system and filter membrane: The exposure of airborne nanoparticles in health interior Space

Improving air quality in indoor areas or interior spaces is a vital need. High PM 2.5 concentration or excessive air pollution causes severe damage to human health and the respiratory system. Air ventilation systems in health spaces are more necessary as there is a higher human crowd flow in viral-susceptible areas. The recent COVID situation has made us rethink the re-arrangement of hospitals' interior space and air ventilation systems. For that reason, improving high-efficiency particulate air filters is the need of the hour. The main objective of this research is the optimization and redesign of the air filtration system in health centers by integrating a hybrid combination system of HEPA filters based on computer modeling and numerical simulation. To analyze the effectiveness of the hybrid system, first, we simulated the existing air filtration system by using a successful and proven air filtering computational model in COMSOL Multiphysics. After that, we generated comparative numerical results and graphical analysis obtained by COMSOL to demonstrate the competency of the hybrid system over the conventional air filtration system. Finally, we have shown the most optimum and effective way to implement the hybrid system in health centers by analyzing the Computational Fluid Dynamics of different types of opening and ventilation systems. This research will play an essential role in future interior air quality improvement and effective anti-viral design of health spaces.

Image Encryption for Indoor Space Layout Planning

Background: Indoor space layout planning and design involves sensitive and confidential information. To enhance the security and confidentiality of such data, the study introduces an advanced image encryption algorithm. This algorithm is based on simultaneous chaotic systems and bit plane permutation diffusion, aiming to provide a more secure and reliable approach to indoor space layout design. Methods: The study proposes an image encryption algorithm that incorporates simultaneous chaotic systems and bit plane permutation diffusion. This algorithm is then applied to the process of indoor space layout planning and design. Comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm against other existing methods. Additionally, a comparative testing of indoor space layout planning and design methods is carried out to assess the overall effectiveness of the research method. Results: Through the algorithm comparison test, information entropy, adjacent pixel distribution and response time were selected as evaluation indexes. The results demonstrated that the improved image encryption algorithm exhibited superior performance in terms of information entropy (with average information entropy of 7.9990), anti-noise attack capability (with PSNR value of 37.58db), and anti-differential attack capability (with NPCR and UACI values of 99.6% and 33.5%) when compared to the benchmark algorithm. In the actual application effect test, the study selected space utilization, functionality, security, ease of use, confidentiality, flexibility and other evaluation indicators. A comparative analysis of the actual application effects of various interior design projects revealed that the interior space layout planning and design method proposed in the study exhibited notable superiority over the comparison method across all indicators. In particular, it showed overall advantages in space utilization (92.5% in modern apartment design), functionality score (9.5 in future living experience museum design), and safety assessment. Conclusion: The above key results demonstrate that the improved image encryption algorithm and the designed indoor space layout planning method have substantial practical applications and are expected to enhance security and confidentiality in the field of indoor space layout planning, thereby providing users with a more optimal experience.

Principles of organization of the digital communication environment in the kindergarten interior

Digitalization in the new millennium has naturally covered all spheres of human social activity: as a child grows up, media resources are becoming not only a means of obtaining information, but also a tool of social interaction. The educational system in Russia is currently in the process of transition from traditional methods of organizing educational activities to innovative methods with the active introduction of interactive technologies. Despite a number of objective problems, such as the relatively high cost of modernization, the lack of qualified teachers, and, for the most part, the lack of an interdisciplinary approach to the organization of the environment as a whole, the use of digital technologies is regarded as an important factor in the development of education, including preschool. In practical terms, digitalization involves creating an environment that meets the needs of the younger generation, including specialized technical equipment for educational institutions. We consider principles that underlie the design of interior spaces in kindergartens of a new format with the use of digital equipment allowing for current trends in the design of such institutions.

Tales from the Green Line

Beirut, Lebanon, is a city marked by a complex and often turbulent history, reflected in the resilience and endurance of its built environment. The intertwining narratives of destruction and recovery are vividly embodied in the city’s architecture. This essay examines the adaptive reuse of Beirut’s iconic Egg Building, located on the Green Line that divided the city during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). As both a war ruin and cultural landmark, the Egg Building symbolises Beirut’s past turmoil and its aspirations for renewal. It encapsulates the multifaceted processes of post-war recovery and transformation. Drawing from the visionary ideas of Lebbeus Woods and the critical theories of Paul Virilio, this essay presents the Egg Building as a catalyst for narrative reconstruction in Beirut. Virilio’s analysis of war relics provides a framework for understanding the historical layers ingrained in the building, while Woods’s focus on unbuilt architecture offers a theoretical basis for redesigning its interior spaces to facilitate healing and revitalisation. Through the work of Lebanese architects and a third-year interior architecture design studio at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, this essay explores how the Egg Building’s scars and stories can be woven into the collective memory of a city recovering from conflict. These unbuilt proposals illustrate how speculative interiors can inspire new narratives and contribute to Beirut’s ongoing regeneration by reframing the building as a domain of active engagement, where past traumas are negotiated rather than erased, and future aspirations are envisioned. Through experimental design approaches, these proposals empower communities to reimagine their urban landscape, turning a symbol of conflict into a living archive of resilience and possibility.

Material Visual Perception and Discharging Robot Control for Baijiu Fermented Grains in Underground Tank.

Addressing the issue of excessive manual intervention in discharging fermented grains from underground tanks in traditional brewing technology, this paper proposes an intelligent grains-out strategy based on a multi-degree-of-freedom hybrid robot. The robot's structure and control system are introduced, along with analyses of kinematics solutions for its parallel components and end-effector speeds. According to its structural characteristics and working conditions, a visual-perception-based motion control method of discharging fermented grains is determined. The enhanced perception of underground tanks' positions is achieved through improved Canny edge detection algorithms, and a YOLO-v7 neural network is employed to train an image segmentation model for fermented grains' surface, integrating depth information to synthesize point clouds. We then carry out the downsampling and three-dimensional reconstruction of these point clouds, then match the underground tank model with the fermented grain surface model to replicate the tank's interior space. Finally, a digging motion control method is proposed and experimentally validated for feasibility and operational efficiency.

The Baroque Religious Architecture of Paredes de Coura, Portugal, and the Transformation of the Territory

This study explores the intricate relationship between Baroque religious architecture and the transformation of the territory in Paredes de Coura, Portugal. Between the second half of the 17th century and the first half of the 19th century, Paredes de Coura, located in northern Portugal, gradually transformed its religious spaces and buildings. Parish communities and private initiatives, driven by a deep religious motivation and favourable conjuncture factors, rebuilt, enlarged, and built dozens of chapels and churches from scratch, mostly in Baroque configuration but with differentiating characteristics. This process gradually gave the rural landscape a unique singularity, i.e., a transformation of significant cultural and historical importance. Numerous artisans constructed these buildings and filled their interior spaces with works of sacred art, mainly carved altars, originating primarily from Paredes de Coura and Alto-Minho municipalities. This systematic study, based on the analysis of contemporary documentation of religious buildings and extensive fieldwork, ensures the thoroughness and reliability of our research and aims to disseminate the data related to this process, presenting an overall reading of religious architecture and seeking to understand the reasons which were at the base of the construction of such a large number of temples in the municipality of Paredes de Coura during this period that changed the territory. This also highlights how Baroque religious architecture was a product of artistic and spiritual ambitions and a powerful agent of territorial reconfiguration, affecting settlement patterns, infrastructure, and social hierarchy. The legacy of these transformations continues to influence the region’s cultural landscape today.

Smart Materials in Green Architecture: The Role of ETFE and Phase Change Materials in Sustainable Building Design

Given the importance of energy in achieving environmental sustainability in green buildings, one of the most significant solutions is to reduce physical building consumption and instead use renewable energy to prevent the depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution. Utilizing advanced technologies and intelligent systems in architecture is one of the methods that can achieve energy management in buildings and ensure comfortable conditions for the occupants of green buildings. In the field of future-oriented architecture, it is expected that in the future, materials and technologies developed over the past century will define the different challenges ahead to elevate sustainable development in the building industry. Using solar energy, one of the latest innovations in buildings, and other measures such as ETFE panels (a green roof idea with an intelligent system) and thermochromic materials, which change color to minimize heat exchange between interior and exterior spaces of the building, show that today's world faces energy crises. The use of smart materials tailored to environmental conditions can significantly impact building design and have beneficial effects in terms of compatibility with the environment, increased lifespan of materials, and the adaptability of materials to changing weather conditions, thus aiding in achieving sustainable architecture. Therefore, this article aims to introduce intelligent materials and their applications and benefits in green building architecture based on library studies. The primary goal is to identify and highlight the most crucial aspects of using intelligent materials and their performance in buildings and how these materials behave and perform in architectural designs. The best way to leverage the benefits of these smart energy-saving materials and management for achieving sustainable architecture will be discussed.

Vernacular Iranian housing as a sustainable model of functional and aesthetic comfort in contemporary passive dwellings

In the recent years, with global warming and the change in climatic characteristics, buildings and interior arrangements in dry and cold climates, that previously did not have cooling problems, now require built and pre-planned cooling systems as well as heating. On the other hand, the enormous increase in energy consumption and the rapid depletion of energy resources causes concern and anxiety for future generations. In this regard, utilizing natural resources and incorporating sustainable solutions into building design are critical. Vernacular technical systems and design ideas can still be accepted and applied to create sustainable solutions. In this context, design strategies for energy efficiency and provision of physical and spatial comforts could be considered based on traditional architecture. In this study, sustainable building design solutions that have been used in Iran’s vernacular houses, which has four distinct climate zones, aimed to create a paradigm for the general modern passive house designs in the global context. Traditional Iranian residential architecture incorporates architectural features for physical, spatial, and climatic needs, as well as aesthetic comfort for the user. In this manner, user needs and interior space organization in vernacular residential architecture can be considered as a sustainable housing model that meets today’s technology requirements in passive house design.