Inside Parts Research Articles

Preparing and Assessment of Biocidal La Nano-complex Treated Filter Capacity against Isolated Microbes from Air Conditioning Systems in COVID-19 Rehabilitation Rooms

Mucormycosis is a severe fungal infection which mainly caused by filamentous fungi of the Absidia sp., Rhizopus sp., Cunninghamella sp, Mucor sp., and Rhizomucor sp. Moreover, the pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus expands the need to interfere with spread of the airborne respiratory infections. Accordingly, developing cutting-edge solutions to restrict and/or prevent air contamination by infectious microbes are very warranted. The current work aims to prepare biocidal La-nano complex treated filters and assess their anti-fungal capacity against 20 Rhizopus oryzae, 10 Candida albicans, and 11 Aspergillus fumigatus. These fungi were isolated from the inside parts of the air conditioning systems in the rehabilitation rooms for COVID-19 patients. The obtained results demonstrated that the prepared were able to significantly decrease the invading microbes and eradicate Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Mucor, Candida albicans isolates at 0.64 mg/ml concentration. DFT study compares the electronic properties and reactivity of a ligand in its uncoordinated form with its lanthanum complex. The ligand exhibits lower binding energy, ionization potential, electron affinity, absolute electronegativity, and chemical potential when coordinated with lanthanum. In contrast, the lanthanum complex has a smaller energy gap, absolute hardness, and global softness.

High-throughput analysis using 16S rRNA gene of bacterial communities present in selected bivalves and gastropods species from Bayug Island, Iligan City, Philippines

Abstract. Albarido NA, Tabugo SR. 2024. High-throughput analysis using 16S rRNA gene of bacterial communities present in selected bivalves and gastropods species from Bayug Island, Iligan City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 431-438. Seashells, which include bivalves and gastropods, have global recognition for their significant contributions to the economy, ecology, and medicine. They hold value as a food source and are highly regarded as effective biological indicators. The objective of this study is to identify the bacterial communities present in selected edible species of bivalves (Pinctada margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 and Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758) and gastropods (Canarium urceus Linnaeus, 1758 and Conus stercusmuscarum Linnaeus, 1758), through high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding. Bacterial samples were collected via a swabbing technique on the surface and inside parts of selected mollusc species, which were then placed on sterilized seawater for DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was isolated from the samples, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Four amplicon libraries were generated, representing the two bivalve and two gastropod species in the study area. Data analysis was conducted using the Parallel Meta Suite software. Upon quality control and processing, 173,489 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained. Within the bacterial community, the most abundant genera included Stenotrophomonas, Vibrio, Serratia, Photobacterium, and Shewanella. The assessment of alpha diversity, using the Shannon index, indicated a higher diversity in A. granosa. Furthermore, the analysis using the PICRUSt algorithm within the Parallel Meta Suite unveiled the involvement of specific bacteria found in the selected gastropod and bivalve species in various functions. These functions encompass protein production, xenobiotic metabolism, biodegradation, and other metabolism-related processes, supporting these organisms' ecological and physiological roles.

Single-Entity Bioelectrochemistry

Interfacing biological catalytic entities, such as whole cells or enzymes, with electrodes, has a wide range of applications, ranging from fundamental studies of the entities themselves to power generation, bioremediation, chemical synthesis, and biosensing. In all cases, the operation of these bioelectrocatalytic systems is based on electron transfer phenomena within protein molecules, whether isolated or residing inside cells or parts of cells, as well as between proteins and electronics. Typically, the electron transfer and catalytic properties of proteins are studied using ensemble averaging methods, which obscure any heterogeneity and dynamics of individual molecules. This information, however, is especially important for understanding electron transfer and catalytic processes within a living cell where only one or a few protein molecules are present. While single-entity electrochemical measurements are particularly useful for studying electron transfer reactions at the nanoscale level, they have limited applications for investigating biological entities due to the experimental challenges associated with direct measurements of small electrical currents. 1,2 Here we will discuss our recent progress in investigating biological electron transfer reactions at the single-entity level, from bacterial cells to single redox proteins, using nano-impact (collision) single-entity electrochemistry. 3 We demonstrate how advances in electrode fabrication methods and detection setups enable current detection in the fA range. When combined with the developed data processing algorithm based on unsupervised learning and template matching techniques, this enabled unprecedented insight into electron transfer processes at the nanoscale. We will talk about insights provided by the method in the study of several important bioelectrocatalytic systems: single E.coli cells with overexpressed Fe-Fe hydrogenases, single bilirubin oxidase molecules, and single catalase molecules. In addition, we will discuss models that we developed for understanding the single bioentity electrode interactions for diffusion-controlled enzymes when the product of the catalytic reaction is detected on the electrode, as well as systems based on direct electron transfer between the bioentity and the electrode. Overall, we show how single-entity bioelectrochemistry can shed light on biological electron transfer and catalysis processes and discuss the challenges it currently faces. Zhang, J.-H.; Zhou, Y.-G. Nano-Impact Electrochemistry: Analysis of Single Bioentities. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2019, 115768.Davis, C.; Wang, S. X.; Sepunaru, L. What Can Electrochemistry Tell Us About Individual Enzymes? Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 2020, 100643.Sekretaryova, A. N.; Vagin, M. Yu.; Turner, A. P. F.; Eriksson, M. Electrocatalytic Currents from Single Enzyme Molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138 (8), 2504–250

New Metal-Plastic Hybrid Additive Manufacturing for Precise Fabrication of Arbitrary Metal Patterns on External and Even Internal Surfaces of 3D Plastic Structures.

Constructing precise metal patterns on complex three-dimensional (3D) plastic parts allows the fabrication of functional devices for advanced applications. However, it is currently expensive and requires complex processes. This study demonstrates a process for the fabrication of 3D metal-plastic composite structures with arbitrarily complex shapes. A light-cured resin is modified to prepare the active precursor allowing subsequent electroless plating (ELP). A multimaterial digital light processing 3D printer was newly developed to fabricate the parts containing regions made of either standard resin or active precursor nested within each other. Selective 3D ELP processing of such parts provided various metal-plastic composite parts having complicated hollow structures with specific topological relationships with the resolution of 40 μm. Using this technique, 3D devices that cannot be manufactured by traditional methods are possible, and metal patterns can be produced inside plastic parts as a means of further miniaturizing electronics. The proposed method can also generate metal coatings exhibiting improved adhesion of metal to substrate. Finally, several sensors composed of different functional materials and specific metal patterns were designed and fabricated. The present results demonstrate the viability of the proposed method and suggest potential applications in the fields of 3D electronics, wearable devices, and sensors.

The role of density perturbation on planet formation by pebble accretion

ABSTRACT Protoplanetary discs exhibit a diversity of gaps and rings of dust material, believed to be a manifestation of pressure maxima commonly associated with an ongoing planet formation and several other physical processes. Hydrodynamic disc simulations further suggest that multiple dust ring-like structures may be ubiquitous in discs. In the recent past, it has been shown that dust rings may provide a suitable avenue for planet formation. We study how a globally perturbed disc affects dust evolution and core growth by pebble accretion. We performed global disc simulations featuring a Gaussian pressure profile, in tandem with global perturbations of the gas density, mimicking wave-like structures, and simulated planetary core formation at pressure minima and maxima. With Gaussian pressure profiles, grains in the inside disc regions were extremely depleted in the first 0.1 Myr of disc lifetime. The global pressure bumps confined dust material for several million years, depending on the strength of perturbations. A variety of cores formed in bumpy discs, with massive cores at locations where core growth was not feasible in a smooth disc, and small cores at locations where massive cores could form in a smooth disc. We conclude that pressure bumps generated by a planet and/or other physical phenomena can completely thwart planet formation from the inside parts of the disc. While inner disc parts are most favourable for pebble accretion in a smooth disc, multiple wave-like pressure bumps can promote rapid planet formation by pebble accretion in broad areas of the disc.

Continuous Functions in Hashimoto Topologies and Their Algebraic Properties

In the paper we consider the Hashimoto topologies on the interval [0,1] as well as on mathbb {R}, which are connected with the natural topology on mathbb {R} and with some important and well known sigma -ideals in mathcal {P}(mathbb {R}). We study the families of continuous functions f:[0,1]rightarrow mathbb {R} with respect to the same Hashimoto topology mathcal {H}(mathcal {I}) (connected with the sigma -ideal mathcal {I}) on the domain and on the range of the considered functions. We show that inside common parts and differences of some such families we can find large (mathfrak {c}-generated) free algebras. Some of constructed algebras appear dense in the algebra of the functions which are continuous in the usual sense.

Boundary guidance network for camouflage object detection

Camouflage object detection (COD) aims to detect camouflaged objects hidden in the background region in an image. The difficulty of COD lies in the fact that camouflaged objects are often accompanied with weak boundaries, low contrast, and similar patterns to the background. Although various methods have been proposed to address these challenges, they still suffer from coarse object boundaries. In this work, we design a novel boundary guidance network for COD, which follows a two-step framework: localization and refinement. Firstly, an Initial Localization Decoder is proposed to capture multi-scale cues by embedding a Hierarchical-Split Convolution block. After obtained the coarse localization of the camouflaged object, we further propose a Residual Refinement Decoder to fix the missing object parts and boundary details progressively. Each of the proposed decoder consists of a region branch and a boundary branch for object detection and boundary detection respectively. To sufficiently leverage their complementary features, we design a novel Boundary-Guide-Region module. Benefiting from the guidance of the boundary feature, the region branch can focus on the inside parts of the boundary for residual learning, thus leads to more accurate detection. Extensive experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing state-of-the-art algorithms in both object accuracy and boundary accuracy with real-time speed.

​Promoting Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Biopesticides: A Review

Microbes are associated inside and outside tissue parts of producers like plants, lichen, algae and phototrophic bacteria. Biofertilizer bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa provide the suitable environment condition, nutrition constituents and inhibit harmful microorganism from rhizosphere zone. Biofertilizer and biocontrol microbes play key roles for improved soil texture, secreting, hormones, antibiotics and various stress signal compounds, enhancement plant parts elongation and prevent pathogen microbial population. Plant growth promotion rhizosphere microorganisms can improve crop tolerance for the non- living stresses such as drought, heat and salinity and living stress such as soil borne pathogens, over load of the microbial population liable to turn out to be more incessant as various atmosphere design keep on creating. Plant disease major issue for loss of productivity and unsafe for living organism due to chemical pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, bactericides and chemical fertilizer. Due to its high potential as an alternative/complement to these pesticides, biological disease control is now generally recognized and constitutes a low cost-efficient eco-friendly biofertilizer, biocontrol, biopesticide and bioinsecticide.

Pressure-induced transition from wavy circular to ring-shaped buckles

We report on buckling structures observed on tantalum films deposited by sputtering on silicon wafers. It is shown that, above a critical diameter, the circular blisters evolve to ring-shaped buckles, whatever the smooth or undulating type of their edges. The experimental results have been compared to finite element simulations. In particular, the polygonal collapsed part at the center of the buckles can be well understood by taking into account the pressure mismatch between the inside and outside parts of the buckles.

Fabrication and Testing of Hybrid Laminate reinforced with Natural Fibre

This present work discussed about fabrication and testing of hybrid laminate reinforced with natural fibres, in general engineering materials with high-performance are used in various manufacturing methods from different resources has been investigated by many researchers across the world. The raw materials which are taken from renewable sources are environmentally good ¬ cause any kind of health issues, now a day’s most of natural fibre based hybrid composites are used different areas like automobile companies and aircraft industries for manufacturing their inside and outside parts of the mechanical bodies and it’s not affected environment, the exact reason behind this is a natural fibre, because of its easy availability & low cost. The hybrid composites are fabricated by using the natural fibre reinforcements as they exhibit their low density, low cost as well as exhibit better mechanical properties. The present work includes the manufacturing of natural fibre (wool and jute) reinforced polymer composites are discussed and this natural fibre reinforced hybrid polymer composite is tested and compared with the glass fibre epoxy polymer composite. the testing performed are flexural and compression and different strengths are collected finally and it is concluded that compared with the glass fibre polymer composite, hybrid laminate (natural fibres) are in good condition in terms of strength and their application are also brought into consideration.

Improvement of fatigue life of riveted joints in helicopter airframes

Using original cold-formed rivets in repairs of airframes of helicopters is difficult due to no access to inside parts of the airframe. Thus, the main aim of the study was to investigate the possibility to use the blind rivets or hybrid joints by verification the fatigue performance of such joints that must be better than with original rivets. Riveted and hybrid joints have been experimentally tested under static and fatigue loads. Furthermore, numerical calculations of stress distribution for strapped joint have been conducted. The test results covered fatigue life of lap joints and models of repaired airframe sheets using ordinary mushroom head rivets ref. 3558A-4-10, titanium driven blind bolts with pin, ref. MBF2110AB-05-150 and modified hybrid joints. Using titanium driven blind bolts with pin instead of ordinary hammer-bucked rivets, can improve the fatigue life of element made of aluminum alloy AW 2024T3. There are advantages of replacing riveted joints with modified hybrid (rivet & adhesive) joints in threefold increase in fatigue life of repaired airframe structures.

Inspection of Centrifugal Blower by Varying Different Blade Configuration using CFD

This examination points towards the advancement of an enhanced plan of a radiating blower comprising of different fan ribs, in light of execution appraisals looking like its inside parts. Different segments, for example, the outside cases and the turning fan ribs set in an assortment of working conditions, for example, fluctuating impeller speed and number of edges, are assessed mathematically and tentatively. Assessment depends on execution boundaries, including the delta and outlet pressures, stream rate, force, and intensity of the radial fan. The mathematical examination recommends that the blend of the different pivoting outline strategy and the standard k-ε disturbance model was suitable for recreation of the inside stream qualities and for power forecast. The mathematical outcomes were contrasted and tests under deliberately planned trial conditions. Plan and displaying of Impeller and packaging has been completed in CATIA V5R21 and then the Calculation was imported to Ansys 16.0. By differing the quantity of fan ribs, the exhibition fluctuates practically nothing. Nonetheless, the FC fan ribs display the best exhibition in regards to their stream rate reaction and are related with most reduced force. The weight at the exit is diminished as the stream rate is expanded. Among all the fans, the FC fan would yield the most noteworthy stream rate.

DESIGN OF VIDEO AIDED RETENTION TOOL FOR THE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS IN SELF-DIRECTED VIDEO-BASED LEARNING

Health Care Professionals (HCPs) depend on self-directed learning by watching medical videos. In the traditional video learning system, it is difficult to identify the important videos from the huge data set and to find the essential inside parts of a long video. In addition, it is hard to know learners’ preferences inside the video parts, including duration and repetition of watching. If the system could know the attention and retention process of each learner, it could change the way to show the video. Accordingly, this research proposes to design the Video Aided Retention Tool (VART) system for analyzing video content to improve self-directed video-based learning among HCPs. The VART consists of a combination of video tracking, analyzing, and filtering tools, with the integration of domain model, learners’ model, and e-teaching strategy model to aid in self-directed learning. The proposed VART will pick important videos on a single topic and put automatic indexes to represent the essential parts of video content. It will also track the learner’s ID, content preference, monitor watching duration, and repetition of the content. Using such kind of data, attention, and retention will be determined and filtered reels, recommendations, interactive videos will be provided to the learners.

TEST OF BLOOD DISEASE BACTERIUM (BDB) TRANSMISSION BY POTENTIAL INSECT VECTORS

Blood disease bacterium (BDB) is one of the important diseases in banana and a major obstacle in developing and increasing banana production in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to prove the ability of the Drosophilidae insect as a vector in transmitting BDB. The research was conducted at the Insect Biosystematics Laboratory and Plant Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. Drosophilidae insects were taken from the field and then reared in laboratory by being fed with ripe bananas to obtain offspring that are free from diseases or pathogens. Imago of the Drosophilidae from rearing was fed by inoculum sources which was infected banana, then inoculated into healthy plants. The plants used were healthy and flowering, heliconia. The results showed that the Drosophilidae insects were able to transmit BDB to heliconia plants that showed symptoms, brownish flower colors and falling flower crowns. Detection of BDB isolated from flower parts and the inside parts of the insects used in transmission test using the PCR method showed positive results.

Investigation of finishing of leather for inside parts of the shoes with a natural biocide

The prevention of decrease of quality caused by microbial activity in footwear materials entails the use of biocides. However, these substances may pose a hazard to humans and to the natural environment. The paper presents the results of antimicrobial effect investigation for cowhide leather treated with oregano oil. In these studies oil was applied by spraying onto the finished leather surface and examined to determine its antimicrobial activity by using the Agar Diffusion Plate Test. These results were compared with those where a cowhide leather was treated with oil at the stage of fatliquoring. In addition, the oregano oil toxicity level was assessed and compared with biocides used in the tanning industry. Introducing oregano oil into the leather at the stage of fatliquoring provides a better antimicrobial effect than by spraying, however hygienic finishing of leather can be obtained by introducing oil into the raw material by these both methods. The oregano oil is characterised by the lowest number of hazards and toxicity as compared with commercial biocides. The use of essential oils as natural biocides in the tanning industry seems to be especially important and suitable solution considering the harmful effects of synthetic biocides to humans and the environment.

Simulation of a Radial Pump Fast Startup and Analysis of the Loop Response Using a Transient 1D Mean Stream Line Based Model

A predictive transient two-phase flow rotodynamic pump model has been developed in the Code for Analysis of THermalhydraulics during an Accident of Reactor and safety Evaluation (CATHARE-3). Flow inside parts of the pump (suction, impeller, diffuser and volute) is computed according to a one-dimensional discretisation following a mean flow path. Transient governing equations of the model are solved using an implicit resolution method and integrated along the curvilinear abscissa of the element. This model has been previously qualified at the component scale by comparison to an existing experimental database. The present study aims at extending the validation at the system scale: a whole experimental test loop is modelled. The ability of the transient pump model to predict flow rate, head and torque as a function of time during a 1-s pump fast start-up is evaluated. The transient evolution of the pressure upstream and downstream from the centrifugal pump is well predicted by the simulation compared to the measurements. Local quantities such as pressure and velocity inside elements of the circuit are analysed. In the considered case, inertial effects of the global circuit are dominant when compared to pump inertial effects due to the high characteristic lengths of the pipes. The main perspective of this work consists in the simulation of similar pump transients, in cavitating conditions.

Texture Classification of 3D MR Images using 2.5D Rank Filters

The 3-D items utilized in 3D computer games and augmented reality are empty polygon networks with surfaces concerned them. Then again, volume information portrayal stores the external surface highlights, yet in addition the highlights inside the volume. For instance, representation of 3-D MRI/CT information is tied in with appearing inside parts as well. Envisioning volumetric information requires more video memory. A large portion of the genuine 3D volume information created particularly by MRI scanners is dim dimension pictures. This paper tends to a novel system of texturizing the MRI information slides and its handling for extraction of shallow and volumetric highlights.

Calibration of Endoscopic Systems Coupled to a Camera and a Structured Light Source

We propose a calibration method for measuring accurate 3D coordinates inside hollow parts using an endoscopic system consisting of a fiberscope, a camera coupled to the eyepiece of the fiberscope, and a power LED adjusted to the front end of the fiberscope’s bundle. The power LED was adapted to generate a structured light plane (SLP). The calibration method reduces the uncertainty of intrinsic camera parameters by using a traceable printed pattern fixed to a glass flat. The extrinsic camera parameters or SLP position and orientation (POSE) on the camera system are assessed with the projection of the SLP on printed flats. Part of the SLP POSE is the SLP to camera distance, which is measured and adjusted using calibrated ring gauges as follows: we projected the SLP on the inner surface of a calibrated ring gauge, then we obtained the parameters of the circumference (i.e. its diameter) and compared it to the calibrated parameters. Next, we adjusted the distance of interest until measured and calibrated ring parameters were close enough. Using this calibration method, we measured the diameter of several ring gauges and a break master cylinder, finding an average error between $${\pm }\,{0.03}$$ mm with a diameter uncertainty around 0.055 mm.

KAJIAN SENSASI KENYAMANAN TERMAL DAN KONSUMSI ENERGI DI TAMAN SRIGUNTING KOTA LAMA SEMARANG

An active park is indicated by the people activities and supported by the elements of street furniture. Hardware and software elements are the inside parts which play an important role in creating the comfort, wherein supported by the sustainability of the exterior gardens (outside the building) in the tropics play a very important role in the microclimate environment. The phenomenon of the relationship between conservation of ancient areas in the tropics such as Semarang city and the national energy crisis in the last decade is very interesting to be explored. As the development of instructional subject matter of Advance Landscape, Architecture Design and Building Physics in the basic of this research, our research question is: How far is the relationship between the energy profile consumption (lamp lighting) to comfort in the park?Two methods used in the field observation, the measurement of climate aspect to find out the micro climate profile and the distribution of questionnaire in the park to discover the user comfort sensation. The results found Taman Srigunting in the old city of Semarang is categorized both as a passive and active park, used for prominent activity in photography. These parks also influence the surrounding nature by decreasing the microclimate such as air temperature and humidity in the evening in the amount of 76% and 57% in the day. The air temperature went down from 34.8 C to 28.7 C. The micro climatic conditions and characteristics of energy consumption level was significant with the visitors comfort sensations, where in 56% visitors felt comfortable and only 4% felt the sensation of heat.

전통 메주 제조과정에 있어서 근적외 모니터링 가능성 조사

In this study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy known as a non-destructive analysis technique was applied to investigate peptide cleavage and consequent release of amino acids in soybean lumps as affected by its moisture content and incubation time during fermentation at 25 for 3 weeks. The NIR spectra of the soybean lump semi-dried and soaked in saline water showed that absorption intensity around 1,400 nm originating from hydrogen bonds of water decreased and absorption band shifted to 1,430 nm as moisture content decreased during incubation at 25 for 3 weeks. In addition, absorption around 2,050 nm which was assigned to amino groups increased as incubation time increased. NIR spectra data from 1,000 to 2,250 nm showed higher accuracy in the discriminant analysis between outside and inside parts of fermented soybean lumps than visible spectra result. NIR spectroscopy for the amino acid and moisture contents in traditional fermented soybean lumps showed relatively good accuracy with the multiple correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.91 and 0.81, respectively, and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECv) of 0.23 and 0.83%, respectively, in partial least square regression (PLSR). These results indicate that NIR spectral observations could be applicable to control the fermentation process for preparation of soybean products.