Inside Part Research Articles

Volunteering and Catholicism in Europe. The Inside Perspective Part 2: Empirical

In the paper we analyse the social activity practices of Catholic persons, as a set of individual and collective action emerging from the Catholic identity and – to more or less extent – structuralised under the Church-related formal non-profit initiatives. The purpose of the study is to clarify: (1) to what extent the Catholic unpaid social activities of different kinds could be classified as forms of volunteering and (2) to what extent the third sector definitions of volunteering are included in specific Catholic activities. Three tendencies have been observed with respect to not including religion-oriented volunteering in voluntary studies. Firstly, while using tools for collecting data adequate for the secular world, researchers face methodological difficulties to successfully cover social activities organized in parishes and congregations. Secondly, a reductionist approach reflects the ideological-rooted tendency to treat religion as a matter of private life. Thirdly, some religious-based entities tend to keep social activities of the believers within the Church-related circle. From the Catholic perspective, volunteer engagement represents an important aspect of faith-based every day activities, the so-called lived religion. At the same time, social engagement of believers provided within the Church-related entities, as well as outside them, usually fulfils all main features of volunteering. The relation between volunteering and religion is to be referred not only to the general position of faith-based and religious organizations in the public sphere, but also to the embeddedness of religious life in the society, as in fact both religion and volunteering are categories social per se. We illustrate our reflection on volunteering and Catholicism by presenting empirical evidence from the 2018 panel expert research among representatives of 29 Catholic Bishops Conferences across Europe.

Clinical study of 16 patients with thalamic infarction

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of sensory impairment in thalamic infarction is unclear.AimThe association between extents of lesions in the ventroposterior nucleus (VP) and distributions of sensory impairments after thalamic infarction was studied.MethodsNeurological symptoms and locations of lesions in 16 patients with thalamic infarction were analyzed. Locations of lesions were grouped into the four regions (region 1–4) in the front to back direction.ResultsThe lateral part of the region3 within the intermediate to caudal levels where the VP exists was frequently involved. Subjective superficial sensory impairments were noted in eight patients. The other six patients showed objective sensory impairment alone. The most frequent type was the face/arm in 6 patients. In these six patients, sensory impairments were distributed to the distal part of the arm and the mouth surrounding in five patients each. Sensory impairments were distributed to the half of the body in four patients, the face/trunk/arm in one patient, the face/arm/leg in two patients, and the arm in one patient.ConclusionsThe principal inferolateral branch supplies the VP and has no anastomosis. In ischemic conditions, blood flow can be decreased in the inside part of the VP, which corresponds to the field of the hand and the mouth surrounding. The detection threshold of superficial sensations for hand and mouth is low. These phenomena were associated with frequent involvement limited to the face/arm. Distributions of sensory impairments were considered to depend on the detection threshold and the lower blood flow in the inside part.

Practical Investigation on the Strengthening of the Built-Up Steel Main Girder of a Metro Station with Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer on the Inside Part of the Tensioned Flange

This study investigates the effectiveness of a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) in enhancing the load-carrying capacity of a steel main girder in a metro station. The objective is to evaluate the applicability of CFRPs in sustaining increases in applied loads and assessing their effectiveness on curved surfaces. Finite element analysis (FEA) identified the most stressed areas of the girder under design loads. Based on the FEA results, a targeted strengthening procedure using CFRP sheets was proposed. Various arrangements of CFRP sheets were tested, including different orientations and thicknesses up to 60% of the girder’s flange thickness. To validate the FEA accuracy, two small-scale specimen beams were prepared and tested in the laboratory. One beam was strengthened with CFRP sheets on the tension part of the inner flange side, similar to the suggested strengthening method for the girder. The FEA results show that the CFRP increases stresses by an average of 8% to 10% for the steel main girder, with strengthening effects up to 19% at the center of the CFRP strengthening positions, differing from a regular straight flange shape. Significantly reducing stresses required a total CFRP layer thickness of at least 50% of the flange’s total thickness. Applying a CFRP on the inner face of the girder preserves its usability without the need for openings in finishes or the metal deck surface. The findings highlight CFRP’s potential to enhance load-carrying capacity on curved surfaces and sustain increased applied loads, offering a promising solution for strengthening infrastructure and similar applications.

The Representation Level Of Knowledge Of The Health Of Ear and Hearing In Students Of Faculty Of Medicine Universitas YARSI Batch 2019 and Its Review According To an Islamic Perspective

Ear is one of the most important organ sense and play a big role in everyday life. Ear also has a main function as a sense of hearing which is indispensable in facilitating communication between humans, the frequency of sound humans can hear is between 20-20,000 Hz. According to World Health Organization (WHO), there are approximately 360 million (5.3%) people in the world who have hearing loss with 328 million (91%) happen on adults (183 million men and 145 million women) and 32 million (9%) cases happen on children. Given the importance of ear function, extra attention on caring is needed for ear health and hearing. Cleaning the ears must be done in the right way so that there are no accidents that will end up with irritation of the inside part of the ear. Most people clean their ears using cotton buds which will result an injury to the ear. There are commands in Islam regarding the importance of keeping the ears clean and also taking care of hearing.

An Improved Tropospheric Tomographic Model Based on Artificial Neural Network

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) tropospheric tomography can be used to build a three-dimensional water vapor field. In traditional tomography, the signals crossing from the four sides of the tomographic region are not utilized. To make the best use of these valuable side-crossing signals, an improved tomographic model based on back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) is proposed. In the new tomographic model, the inside part of the slant wet delay (SWD) of the side-crossing signal is divided into two sections: the isotropic and anisotropic components. The former is estimated by the zenith wet delay multiplied by the mapping function multiplied by an isotropic scale factor using a BP-ANN model, and the latter is estimated by horizontal gradients of the SWD multiplied by an anisotropic scale factor using an empirical model. The new tomographic model is experimentally evaluated using the HK CORS network measurements for the period of 21 days from 1 to 21 August 2019. Statistical results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of slant water vapor reconstructed from the improved model is reduced to 1.35 from 2.85 mm of the traditional model. Compared with the traditional/height factor models, the percentages of the reduction in the RMSE of the tomographic result derived from the new model are 16%/9% and 22%/16%, respectively, using radiosonde and ERA5 data as references. These results suggest a good performance of the new model for GNSS tropospheric tomography.

Reduction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Improve Safety of Traditional (Homemade) Smoked Dry-cured Pork Loin

This study was carried out to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and improve safety of traditional (homemade) smoked dry-cured pork loin. Raw material (M. longissimus dorsi) derived from pigs was used for production of homemade smoked dry-cured pork loin. During one usual smoking procedure in the rural household, there was an ignition of fat droplets, coming from product and dripped onto the burner of the smokehouse, so pork loins were briefly exposed to open flame. Some of those pork loins were rinsed with tap water, immediately after the error. After the smoking period, samples were examinated on GCMS. The results indicated a significant difference in PAH content regarding the surface (BaP = 7.33 ± 0.77 µg/kg; PAH4 = 61.14 ± 1.72 µg/kg) and inside (BaP < LOQ; PAH4—not detected) part of dry-cured pork loin, and showed that the rinsing method contributed PAH content reduction in the surface part of samples (BaP = 3.43 ± 0.21 µg/kg; PAH4 = 25.33 ± 1.88 µg/kg). After rinsing, BaP and PAH4 values were in accordance with the permitted values of the EU Regulation for traditional meat and meat products (BaP ˂ 5 µg/kg; PAH4 ˂ 30 µg/kg). Thus, the rinsing method should be considered in dry-cured pork loin manufacturing, when errors in the smoking process occur, in order to obtain safe products.

Utilisation of Surgical Robots for Minimally Invasive Surgery through Enabling Precise Manipulation of Surgical Instruments beyond Human Ability

This article has discussed the utility of surgical robots in minimally invasive surgery. Nowadays surgical robot is one of the biggest innovations that are able to do surgery in a sophisticated manner. Maximum hospitals and doctors try to provide these facilities to their patients. Accordingly, this process has the capability to do subtle surgery on the human body. It is true that doctor has certain boundaries to doing surgical procedures on the human body. Through the help of a surgical robot, they can able to initiate a complex surgical process in humans. On the other hand, minimally invasive surgery through the surgical robot has several kinds of facilities. This process does not require a big area of surgery. Through precision and small instruments can do the surgery. This robot is built with a high-quality sensor and cameras and it helps to check the inside part of the body and also provides a high-resolution and clear picture of the part. This study has focused on several types of robots such as the Da Vinci surgical system that uses artificial intelligence and it has the capability to process surgery by using a small area of the human body. This study has focused on the Contribution of surgical robots in the medical world and it also discusses the various kinds of surgical processes and also elaborates is other parts or instruments. Accordingly, this paper has shone a light on the limitation of surgical robots in minimal surgery. On the other hand, the secondary qualitative process is one of the best processes that help to authentic data on this study paper. It can be said that surgical robot is capable to change the entire concept of medical science. Keywords : Da Vinci Si, artificial intelligence, CyberKnife, Da Vinci SP, Da Vinci X, Da Vinci Xi, invasive surgery, ROSA, Sensor, surgical robot, TUG, Xenex Germ-Zapping Robot.

One Medicalogy Pre-Launching Strategy of New Maternity Belts with Anti-Radiation Feature Using Lean Startup Methodology

This paper will discuss pre-launch strategy taken by One Medicalogy, a startup company specializing in maternity apparels. The strategy will follow lean startup methodology that will guide One Medicalogy to start, build, develop, conduct and maintain its business in the field of anti-radiation maternity belts. A maternity belt is a belt or a corset used to support the lower portion of the belly and back of pregnant women. An anti-radiation maternity belt is a modified maternity belt by embedding an additional anti-radiation layer on the inside part of the belt. The extra layer will protect the fetus growing in the belly of the mother from harmful non-ionizing RF-EMF radiation. The source of the radiation is usually electronic devices and gadgets such as personal computers or laptops as well as smartphones. One Medicalogy is committed to design, develop, produce and introduce the belts to the market. Pre-launch strategy will be employed in introducing the belt to the market. This strategy includes conducting market tests by testing the product with potential customers and performing rigorous efforts with them to ensure communication during product design and development by first determining the target market, ensuring that product features line up perfectly with customer needs. A lean startup methodology will also be used to assist One Medicalogy in introducing the belts quickly and successfully to market. In essence, lean startup methodology is a method that focus business efforts in speedy creation of product prototypes by first conducting and testing target market analysis. Feedbacks resulted from prototype try-outs and interviews involving potential customers will be employed quickly to create finished products. In addition, these feedbacks will also reveal the strength of the newly created products against that of the competitors. Using this method, One Medicalogy can reduce the risk of bad product performance.

Droplet Distribution of an Autonomous UAV-based Sprayer in Citrus Tree Canopy

Although Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are developed for military missions originally, they have been used widely in civil activities for several decades globally. In agricultural, UAVs have been developed as an efficient sprayer for pesticide application since 1987. UAV-based sprayers are popular for the prevention and control of pests and diseases in field crop in many countries recently. Some of the UAV-based sprayers are developed to be equipped with fruit tree mode aiming at solving droplet penetration in the inside and bottom part of the fruit tree canopy. In this study, a newly released UAV-based sprayer (i.e., T30) equipped fruit tree mode is chosen as spraying platform to optimize the spraying parameters for practical application. The flight velocity and application rate are the variables, while droplet coverage, density, size, and penetration are the observed metrics. Three treatments with different flight velocities (2 m s-1 or 3 m s-1) or application rates (60 L ha-1 or 75 L ha-1) are arranged to collect the droplets for assessment. Water Sensitive Papers (WSPs) are placed in the outside, bottom, and inside layers of the canopy to collect droplets. The results show that the treatment combined a flight velocity of 2 m s-1 and an application rate of 60 L ha-1 obtains the most droplets among all the variables based on the values of droplet coverage and density. The treatment with a flight velocity of 2 m s-1 and an application rate of 75 L ha-1 has the best penetration, while the treatment with a velocity of 2 m s-1 and an application rate of 60 L ha-1 takes the second place according to the percentages of droplet deposition in the three layers. Overall consideration of the total droplet distribution and penetration of the application parameters, a flight velocity of 2 m s-1 and an application rate of 60 L ha-1 are recommended to get an ideal droplet distribution in tree canopy when UAV-based sprayer T30 equipped with fruit tree mode flies at 1.6∼2 m above the citrus tree canopy.

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An excellent adsorptive TiO2@yV2O5 (y = 0.025–0.045) bifunctional composite endowing high sulfur loading as cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries

Low conductivity and shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are the major impediments to the development of lithium-sulfurbatteries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reasonably designed host to simultaneously meet the needs of sulfur and LiPSs storage and improve the conductivity of the cathode material. In this work, inspired by synergetic effect, we design excellent adsorptive TiO2@yV2O5 (y = 0.025–0.045) bifunctional composites. And the different compositions of matrix material can be fabricated via manipulating the amount of KOH, which combines the advantages of high stability of TiO2 and strong adsorption of V2O5. The V2O5 exists inside TiO2 and part of it is used to provide a cavity, which can buffer volume expansion and store LiPSs and sulfur. The other can enhance the activity and energy of TiO2, thereby go a step further enhance the reaction kinetics. In addition, this TiO2@0.040 V2O5/S electrode exhibits high capacity retention of 91% and 93% at 0.5 C and 1 C after 50 cycles. And the cell exhibits a small polarization (202 mV at 0.1 C, 202 mV at 0.2 C and 234 mV at 0.5 C).

Configurations of tunnel deceleration area

The deceleration area of the tunnel has always been the place where accidents occur frequently. Recently published statistics on tunnel accidents showed that 42 percent of which are rear-end collisions. The main reason lies on the luminance difference between the inside and the outside parts of the tunnel. The inside part of the tunnel is much darker than that of the outside part, which results in a “sight shock” and shortage of clear sight for drivers at the tunnel portal. If the tunnel deceleration area is not long enough and the vehicle is at a high speed, rear-end collisions will most likely occur at this area. Therefore, it is important to design the deceleration area of the tunnel in order to avoid rear-end collisions. This paper explains the cause of rear-end collision at deceleration area from the principles of physics and physiology. The mathematical relations among the speed, time and distance of trucks and cars entering the tunnel are given from the mathematical point of view. Finally, this paper puts forward the design idea and reasonable suggestions for the configuration of tunnel deceleration area.

Electron Microscope and Diffraction Study of Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) Peels

Electron Microscopy study of snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) peels have been carried out by scanning at the surface part of the snake fruit peel (outer and inner) using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM micrograph of outer snake fruit peel shows patterned some spots with percentage of carbon (55.73%), oxygen (23.28%), silicon (20.36%) and other components (0.63%). While on the inside part shows the shape like a fiber with carbon composition (46.40%), oxygen (50.43%) and other components (3.17%). Further treatment of snake fruit peel biomass by heating 500 °C and confirmation by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that, the presence of carbon and crystalline phase of quartz silica. Furthermore, SEM-EDS shows some porous pattern with the percentage of carbon (58.9%), oxygen (28.87%), silicon (5.71%) and other components (6.52%).

Kelambut: environment-based traditional music of the Waena Tribe, Sentani, Jayapura, Papua

Kelambut is an important instrument for the Waena Tribe and plays a vital role in raising awareness about climate change mitigation. However, until now there has been no in-depth study about Kelambut music. The purpose of this study is to identify the traditional music of Kelambut musically and to know the meaning of Kelambut for the Waena tribe. This research was conducted using qualitative methods. The data source is the music of Kelambut itself; the informants are the chief of the Waena tribe, performers, and local cultural observer. All data collected through participative observation, interviews, records, and FGDs were analyzed using ethnic music theory and structural-functional theory. The results are: (1) Kelambut is a traditional musical instrument made from natural environmental wood in the Sentani area. It resembles a boat and is played by hitting the inside part and functions as a communication tool and musical accompaniment to dance. (2) Besides valuing it as a work of art, to balance life with the environment, the Waena tribe also interprets Kelambut as sacred music which provides protection, as a liaison with their ancestors, as a sign of the appointment of a tribal chief (Ondoafi), and as the cultural identity.

Using the Analysis of the Gases Dissolved in Oil in Diagnosis of Transformer Bushings with Paper-Oil Insulation—A Case Study

The article describes a case study when the voltage collapse during lightning impulse tests of new power transformers was noticed and when the repeated tests finished with a positive result. The step-by-step process of reaching the conclusion on the basis of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) as a key method of the investigations was presented. The considerations on the possible source of the analysis showed that the Duval triangle method, used in the analysis of the concentration of gases dissolved in oil samples taken from bushings, more reliably and unambiguously than the ratio method recommended in the IEC 60599 Standard, indicated a phenomenon which was identified in the insulation structure of bushings analyzed. Additionally, the results from DGA were found to be consistent with an internal inspection of bushings, which showed a visible trace of discharge on the inside part of the epoxy housing, as a result of the lightning induced breakdown.

Development of type I/II oligodendrocytes regulated by teneurin-4 in the murine spinal cord

In the spinal cord, the axonal tracts with various caliber sizes are myelinated by oligodendrocytes and function as high-velocity ways for motor and sensory nerve signals. In some neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, demyelination of small caliber axons is observed in the spinal cord. While type I/II oligodendrocytes among the four types are known to myelinate small diameter axons, their characteristics including identification of regulating molecules have not been understood yet. Here, we first found that in the wild-type mouse spinal cord, type I/II oligodendrocytes, positive for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), were located in the corticospinal tract, fasciculus gracilis, and the inside part of ventral funiculus, in which small diameter axons existed. The type I/II oligodendrocytes started to appear between postnatal day (P) 7 and 11. We further analyzed the type I/II oligodendrocytes in the mutant mice, whose small diameter axons were hypomyelinated due to the deficiency of teneurin-4. In the teneurin-4 deficient mice, type I/II oligodendrocytes were significantly reduced, and the onset of the defect was at P11. Our results suggest that CAII-positive type I/II oligodendrocytes myelinate small caliber axons in the spinal cord and teneurin-4 is the responsible molecule for the generation of type I/II oligodendrocytes.

Impact of pomegranate peel as prebiotic in bio-yoghurt

PurposeThe effect of pomegranate whole and inside peels before and after extraction of the tannic acid have been carried out in stimulated media and in gastrointestinal conditionsDesign/methodology/approachAdding pomegranate peels with and without tannins at different levels to bio-stirred yoghurt to study its effect as prebiotic, in addition to evaluating the effect on physiochemical, sensorial and rheological propertiesFindingsThe results reveal that pomegranate peels before and after removing tannins had no effect on the viability of a single strain of Lb. acidophilus in stimulated media, while the growth of mixed probiotic culture (Lb.acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) was enhanced when pomegranate peels (whole and inside part) free from tannins were used. Tannin-free pomegranate peels enhanced the viability of probiotic culture under gastrointestinal conditions. In this study, all probiotic cultures were maintained counts around log 8 cfu /g in stirred bio-yoghurt supplements with pomegranate peels after 21days. Bio-yoghurt supplemented with pomegranate peels at 0.5% gained high scores for overall acceptability.Originality/valuePomegranate has been recognized as a good source of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Some researchers have utilized pomegranate peel in fermented milk, but most of the studies have found that tannins inhibit the bacterial culture. This study recommended that the supplementation of low-fat bio-yoghurt with tannin-free pomegranate peels enhanced the texture properties, viscosity of the product, as well as the viability of probiotic culture during shelf life. Therefore, the tannin-free pomegranate peel could be used as a prebiotic in functional fermented dairy products.

Deep Survey and Comparative Analysis of Medical Image Processing

Biomedical picture handling has encountered emotional extension, and has been an interdisciplinary research field drawing in skill from connected arithmetic, PC sciences, building, insights, material science, science and medication. PC helped indicative handling has just turned into a critical piece of clinical daily schedule. Joined by a surge of new advancement of high innovation and utilization of different imaging modalities, more difficulties emerge; for instance, how to process and dissect a huge volume of pictures so top notch data can be delivered for sickness findings and treatment. The foremost destinations of this course are to give a prologue to essential ideas and strategies for medicinal picture preparing and to advance interests for further examination and research in restorative imaging handling. We will present the Medical Image Processing and abridge related research work here and portray late cutting edge strategies Restorative imaging is regularly seen to assign the arrangement of procedures that noninvasively produce pictures of the inside part of the body. The arrangement of numerical opposite issues has been done with the help of therapeutic imaging. The ultrasonic weight waves and echoes that go inside the tissue to demonstrate the inward structure in medical ultrasonography. In projectional radiography X-beam radiation, which is grouped with respect to its rates and tissue types such as bone, muscle, and fat. As the quality of medical imaging affects analysis that medical image processing has become a vital and the clinical applications wants to store and retrieve images for future purpose needs some suitable process to store those images in details. The paper discusses the general concept of medical image processing.

Mechanism of Family-coping in Treating Patient with Schizophrenia Viewed from Factors that Affected it at Public Health Center of Balowerti, Kediri

Coping is a cognitive process and behavior that aims at reducing depression while facing stress situation. Treating patient with schizophrenia is a stressor for family and the family will tend to undergo pressure situation from either the environment or the inside part until it can influence family-coping in treating family who suffers mental disorder, such as schizophrenia. Moreover, this research aimed at knowing factors that influenced mechanism of family-coping in treating patient with schizophrenia. Data analysis utilized logistic-regression-test. The result showed that the factors that influenced against family-coping were self-esteem and social-support, meanwhile, the factors that did not influence it were knowledge, stress, and patient’s behavior in social-isolation

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CIGARETTE PACKS IN INDONESIA: REGULATORY NON- COMPLIANCE AND PRODUCT PROMOTION ADVANTAGE

Background: A cigarette pack is the most intimate property and frequently seen by smokers every time they want to start smoking. It gives tobacco industry the opportunity to scrutinize every single space including the inside part of the pack to promote tobacco product and it is often called a mini billboard.Objective: To analyze possible violations if any against the existing regulations on packaging and labelling and to uncover packaging design and types of promotional elements on cigarette packs. Methods: A purposive sample based on the assessment and discussion with the representatives of National Agency of Drug and Food Control that generated a total of 42 cigarette packs representing 18 sample from Jakarta, 5 most popular brands, 18 special edition packs, and 1 illegal cigarettes. The observation units, variables and observable signs that covered the materials, size, content of the entire pack including the cigarettes stick were set by Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance and analyzed against the existing regulation.Results: There were two brands produced in 2019 that did not comply with the latest sets of Pictorial Health Warning. About 40.5% of sample (n=17) did not include information on production dates on the pack as mandated by Government Regulation Number 109/2012. The back panels of the top of pictorial health warning in all machine-made cigarettes were partially bunged up by excise tax stamps with exception of hand-rolled clove cigarettes. The tobacco industry took the advantage of the cigarette packs’ violations for product promotion, among others providing information on filter technology, promoting the upcoming tobacco-sponsored events, relating the product with imported goods by mentioning the country of brand origin, and using the flip lid of the pack to promote the brand name reputation. A total of 83.3% (n=35) samples gives additional products description such as bold, mild, lights, super, and special.Conclusion: The tobacco industry uses the ample spaces on both outer and inner panels of cigarette packs to promote their products, no single corners are left empty. The study confirmed violations of the regulation for product promotion.