Inside Outside Research Articles

Shahmukhi named entity recognition by using contextualized word embeddings

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an imperative Natural Language Processing (NLP) task which intents to identify and classify predefined named entities in a given span of text. For many Western and Asian languages, NER is a systematically premeditated and established task, however, a little work has been done for Shahmukhi. This paper presents Shahmukhi NER with four key contributions. First, a Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) network based NER model has been developed by incorporating various features including character and word embeddings and Part of Speech (POS) tagging. Second, transfer learning has been employed by training context-free Word2Vec and contextualized Embeddings from Language Models (ELMo) word representations. The word representations have been trained using a Shahmukhi corpus of 14.9 million words. Third, we prepared a cleaner version of an existing Shahmukhi NER corpus by performing Unicode normalization and tokenization errands. The corpus has been deduplicated and results are reported on an unseen evaluation set which produced valid results. Fourth, we have studied the impact of two annotation schemes; Inside-Outside (IO) and Inside-Outside-Beginning (IOB) for Shahmukhi. Transfer learning was quite helpful to enhance the performance of NER models especially ELMo embeddings significantly improved the results by prompting contextualized embedding vectors. This is the first study to use character embeddings, POS tagging and transfer learning for Shahmukhi named entity recognition. The IO scheme based model achieved an accuracy of 98.60% with an f-score of 83.75. The IOB scheme based model performed with an accuracy of 98.43% and an f-score of 75.55. These scores are quite promising for an under-resourced morphologically-rich language.

A Token Classification-Based Attention Model for Extracting Multiple Emotion–Cause Pairs in Conversations

People exchange emotions through conversations with others and provide different answers depending on the reasons for their emotions. During a conversation, it is important to find not only such emotions but also their cause. Emotion-cause pair extraction (ECPE) is a task used to determine emotions and their causes in a single pair within a text, and various studies have been conducted to accomplish ECPE tasks. However, existing studies have limitations in that some models conduct the task in two or more steps, whereas others extract only one emotion-cause pair for a given text. We propose a novel methodology for extracting multiple emotion-cause pairs simultaneously from a given conversation with a single model. Our proposed model is a token-classification-based emotion-cause pair extraction model, which applies the BIO (beginning-inside-outside) tagging scheme to efficiently extract multiple emotion-cause pairs in conversations. The proposed model showed the best performance on the RECCON benchmark dataset in comparative experiments with existing studies and was experimentally verified to efficiently extract multiple emotion-cause pairs in conversations.

SYNTHESIS OF FEOOH AND FEOOH@ZNO BY HYDROTHERMAL METHOD AND THE ADSORPTION OF S2- IN WASTEWATER

FeOOH and FeOOH@ZnO were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and their structures and adsorption properties toward S2− were studied. The results showed that too high hydrothermal temperature was not conducive to the adsorption of S2−. However, using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for FeOOH preparation and adding nanometer ZnO (FeOOH@ZnO) could significantly improve the adsorption of S2− by FeOOH, and adsorption removal rate was close to 90.0% and adsorption amount was 87.5 mg·g−1. The structural analysis showed that the modification of FeOOH by SDS and the addition of nano-ZnO resulted in the reduction in size of the FeOOH particles, forming amorphous inclusion structure with ZnO present inside and FeOOH outside. The specific surface area of FeOOH@ZnO was found to be higher than that of FeOOH. Therefore, it is beneficial to the adsorption of S2−. XPS fitting results showed that ferrous deposits appeared in the process of adsorption of S2− by FeOOH@ZnO, and it was considered that the oxygen of Fe = O was replaced with sulfur.

Inside outside: how the outdoor environment affects patients’ physical activity in a rehabilitation center

Inside outside: how the outdoor environment affects patients’ physical activity in a rehabilitation center

Evaluation of Endoscopic Transnasal versus Non-endoscopic Routes as Surgical Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea

Abstract Introduction Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak happens when there is an abnormal connection between the brain cavity inside and environment outside. It is important to establish a good barrier between the brain tissue and the nose to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leak and protect the brain from exposure to infection. which can be done either by endoscopic or non-endoscopic surgical repair. Patients and methods The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic and non-endoscopic repair of CSF leakage in patients suffering from CSF rhinorrhea. The search retrieved 1693 unique records. We then retained 89 potentially eligible records for full-texts screening. Finally, 11 studies (Total No. of patients = 355) were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. Results CSF rhinorrhea resolved in endoscopic surgery group giving a success rate of 88.8%to 100%. recurrence rate is 2% to 12.2% and postoperative complications occurred in 5% to 16.7%. Conclusion The endoscopic approach is highly effective, better than non-endoscopic route and is associated with low morbidity for the management of CSF rhinorrhea .

Longing in the flesh: a phenomenological account of icon veneration

ABSTRACT The practice of icon veneration is often either dismissed either as a superstitious ‘magical’ rite or relegated to the exclusive arena of theological metaphysics. Such reductive approaches discount the importance of embodied human expression both inside religion and outside of it. This article proposes instead a way of philosophically understanding icon veneration as a meaningful human practice. After evaluating the few existing philosophical attempts to answer the question by Terrence Cuneo, Nicholas Wolterstorff, and Paul Moyaert, I first give a phenomenological analysis of substitutional practice in ordinary human experience. Then, guided by the legend of the acheiropoeiton, the first icon ‘made without hands,’ I develop a phenomenology of iconic substitution, showing how the act of prayer builds on and structurally modifies the ordinary cases of substitution I laid out above in order to form a new and meaningful practice aimed at communication which gains in significance as it is sustained over time.

An Arabic Dataset for Disease Named Entity Recognition with Multi-Annotation Schemes

This article outlines a novel data descriptor that provides the Arabic natural language processing community with a dataset dedicated to named entity recognition tasks for diseases. The dataset comprises more than 60 thousand words, which were annotated manually by two independent annotators using the inside–outside (IO) annotation scheme. To ensure the reliability of the annotation process, the inter-annotator agreements rate was calculated, and it scored 95.14%. Due to the lack of research efforts in the literature dedicated to studying Arabic multi-annotation schemes, a distinguishing and a novel aspect of this dataset is the inclusion of six more annotation schemes that will bridge the gap by allowing researchers to explore and compare the effects of these schemes on the performance of the Arabic named entity recognizers. These annotation schemes are IOE, IOB, BIES, IOBES, IE, and BI. Additionally, five linguistic features, including part-of-speech tags, stopwords, gazetteers, lexical markers, and the presence of the definite article, are provided for each record in the dataset.

Ultrastructure of Spermatozoa of Elaphe schrenckii (Reptilia, Squamata)

Elaphe schrenckii (Serpentes, Colubridae), a kind of large nonvenomous snakes and great significance to maintain the stability of ecosystem in China. We provide detailed descriptions of the sperm microstructure and ultrastructure of E. schrenckii, experimented by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The spermatozoon of E. schrenckii is filiform and consists of head and tail regions. The cross-section of acrosomal vesicle is always rounded and divided into medulla inside and cortex outside. The ultrastructure of acrosome complex observed the unilateral ridge, the single perforatorium, the perforatorium base plate, the epinuclear lucent zone, the subacrosomal space and the nuclear fossa at the end of nucleus connect the neck region. The neck region is short with the stratified laminar structure and observed the distal centriole and the proximal centriole are perpendicular and both consisted of nine triplets. Midpiece is long and observed the extracellular microtubules, the multilaminar membranec, the mitochondria with the dense bodies discontinuity distribting, the fibrous sheath, and the axoneme. The principal piece is after the annulus with no mitochondrias and the end piece with no mitochondrias neither the fibrous sheath. Our study contrasted the spermatozoa ultrastructure of 8 species belong to 5 families and 6 genera and added the sperm measurement compare, summarized that three Colubridae snakes are more similar than others momentarily but some specific characteristics in E. schrenckii and proved that the ultrastructure of sperm related to phylogeny in some ways.

Allowing for human socioeconomic impacts in the conservation of plants under climate change

The impact of climate change on conservation planning is affected by the availability of data (especially in data-sparse countries) and socioeconomic impacts. We build models using MaxEnt for Egyptian medicinal plants as a model system, projecting them to different future times under two IPCC 4th assessment emission scenarios (A2a and B2a) assuming unlimited and no dispersal. We compare the effect of two indices of socioeconomic activity [Human Influence Index (HII) and human population density/km2] as cost layers in spatial prioritization for conservation using zonation. We assess the efficacy of Egypt's network of Protected Areas (PAs) by comparing the predicted conservation value inside and outside each PA under the various scenarios. The results show that there are many locations in Egypt (the main cities, agricultural land, coastal areas) that are highly ranked for conservation before human socioeconomic impacts are included. The HII had a stronger impact than using human population density. The PA value excess (inside–outside) varied significantly with the type of cost and dispersal, but not with climate-change scenario or Zonation settings. We conclude that human socioeconomic impacts add new scope and insights for future conservation; and conservation planning without consideration of such impacts cannot be complete.

Compact dual‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter with inside–outside–reversed dual‐ring topology

A compact dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter is proposed based on the inside–outside–reversed dual-ring topology. Different from the traditional design, the total size of the filter is limited by the second passband with shorter wavelength at higher frequency, instead of the first passband with longer wavelength at lower frequency. By loading four square patches in the inner ring, the degenerate modes of the inner ring move down and form the first passband, whereas the second passband is constructed by the outer ring. By utilising the coplanar-waveguide feeding at ground plane, a prototype of the dual-band filter with two operating frequencies at 0.92 and 1.47 GHz is designed and verified experimentally.

Influences of Teacher Professional Development on Student Outcomes & Efficacy

Teacher professional development has taken place in isolation and has been dependent upon input from outside “experts” (Sandholtz, A companion of direct and indirect professional development activities. Professional development for teachers is the range of formal and informal processes and activities that teachers engage in both inside and outside of the school, in order to improve their teaching knowledge and skills. As an alternative, collaborative action research actively involves teachers in professional reflection, validates educators as producers of knowledge, and recognizes their role in professional development and decision making. The value of teacher research is well documented (Cochran–Smith & Lytle, Inside outside: teacher research and knowledge, Teachers College Press, New York, 1993) but unless deliberate attempts to share findings are established, the products of teacher research often remain within individual classrooms. Strategies to develop collaborative research capabilities are needed. The ultimate goal of teacher professional development is improving student learning outcomes. Research indicates that teachers have control over many factors that influence motivation, achievement and behavior of their students. Therefore, professional development focusing on effective classroom management will enhance a teacher's skills and performance in the classroom. Skills such as effective classroom management are vital to teaching and require common sense, consistency, a sense of fairness and courage. The skills also require that teachers understand the psychological and developmental levels of each student. The ability of teachers to organize classrooms and manage the behavior of their students is critical for achieving positive educational outcomes. Although sound behavior management does not guarantee effective instruction, it establishes the environmental context that makes good instruction possible. Reciprocally highly effective instruction reduces, but does not eliminate, classroom behavior problems. Effective classroom management competencies also significantly influence the persistence of new teachers in the classroom. Effective classroom management requires a comprehensive approach that should include structuring the school and classroom environment, actively supervising student engagement, implementing classroom rules, enacting procedures that encourage appropriate behavior, using behavior reduction strategies and collecting and using data to monitor student behavior and modifying classroom management procedures. Therefore in teacher preparation programs greater emphasis needs to be placed on preparing teachers to be competent and efficient at managing today's classrooms with their diverse range of learners. This approach means not only giving pre-service teachers the intellectual understanding of the issues involved but also providing them supervised experience related to components of classroom management. The purpose of this paper is to provide research and recommendations related to professional development of teachers, specifically addressing the area of classroom management to improve learning outcomes

Female corporeality in the Thirdspace music videos of FKA twigs

Abstract As a technology of gender, the music video genre has consistently acted to represent women as sexually available. Patriarchal discourses have been inscribed onto the bodies of women, in an industry predominantly controlled by white, male record executives. Gendered representations are constructed by the music video technology, but are also absorbed by viewers. British singer, songwriter and dancer FKA twigs’ self-directed music videos challenge the sexualization of women. The artist offers viewers an intense bodily experience of femininity, devoid of Mulvey’s ‘male gaze’. This article argues the complex representation of the artist’s body using corporeal feminist theory and posthuman notions of the cyborg. FKA twigs’ representations of female sexuality and the cyborg are considered in three music videos. The article explores the texts as a Thirdspace, resisting and encompassing dichotomized discourses such as masculine–feminine, inside–outside, intellect–emotion, organic– artificial. The strong, permeable, cyborg body of FKA twigs occupies a Thirdspace of corporeal subjectivity resisting patriarchal discourses that suggest the female body exists to be looked at.

Identity Work as an Event

Depending on the dualisms of mind–body, subject–object, inside–outside, and so forth, most identity work studies in organization studies neglect the affective and material aspects of identity work. Drawing on an ethnographic study and practice theory, I analyze how the live-statue enacts her identity in the street. Her identity work can highlight the affective and material aspects of identity work beyond dualisms. Conceptualizing identity work as an event depending on existential feelings, I found that the live-statue’s identity work depends on existential feelings of “submission to the street” that have both active and passive aspects, and which emerge from the process of to affect and to be affected. My study also highlights this process within situated interactions and material arrangements.

Design and Mechanics Analysis of Moving Mechanism of Inspection Robot for Thin Coal Seam

The inspection robot for thin coal seam can replace workers to make the daily inspection in fully mechanized mining surface. Based on the narrow and poor environment of thin coal seam, we designed a joint swing arm inspection robot, which is able to adapt to the unstructured terrain in a thin coal seam. The structure of the moving mechanism of the inspection robot has been designed. It can be realized that there are two DOF for moving on a single drive central axis through design of the shaft inside and shaft sleeve outside. The strength check and the modal analysis of the key parts of the moving mechanism such as the hollow shaft sleeve and the drive shaft, are made by Ansys Workbench. According to the analysis results, the maximum stress caused by internal load and external impact load is far less than the yield strength of the material. The modal shape diagram shows that, when the meshing frequency and the external excitation frequency are much less than the first-order natural frequency of the parts, there will be no resonance and noise. The analysis results show that the design is reasonable and reliable.

Thermal Distribution Performance of NPCM: NaCl, NaNO<sub>3</sub> and KNO<sub>3</sub> in the Thermal Storage System

The experiment is studied on thermal distribution in the thermal energy storage system with non-phase change materials (NPCM): NaNO3, KNO3 and NaCl in the range of 25°C - 250°C. The cylindrical storage system was made of stainless steel with 25.6 cm-diameter and 26.8 cm-height that was contained of these NPCM. There was one pipe for heat transfer fluid (HTF) with 1.27 cm-diameter that manipulates in the storage tank and submerges to NPCM. The inner pipe was connected to the 2.27 cm-diameter outer HTF tube. The tube was further connected to the thermal pump, heater and load. The pump circulates the synthetic oil (Thermia oil) within the pipe for heat transferring purposes (charging and discharging). An electric heater is used as the heat source. The limitation of the charging oil temperature is maintained at 250°C with the flow rates in the range of 0.58 to 1.45 kg/s whereas the inlet temperature of the discharge oil is maintained at 25°C. Thermal performances of TES (thermal energy storage) such as charging and discharging times, radial thermal distribution, energy storage capacity and energy efficiency have been evaluated. The experimental results show that the radial thermal distribution of NaCl for TR inside, TR middle and TR outside was optimum of temperature down to NaNO3 and KNO3 respectively. Comparison of NPCMs with oil, flow rates for NaCl were charging and discharging heat transfer than KNO3 and NaNO3. The thermal stored NaCl ranged from 5712 - 5912 J; KNO3 ranged from 7350 - 7939 J and NaNO3 ranged from 6623 - 6930 J respectively. The thermal energy stored for experimental results got with along the KNO3, NaNO3 and NaCl respectively. The thermal energy efficiency of NaCl, KNO3 and NaNO3 was in the range 66% - 70%.

A Study on the Architectural Aharacteristic of Nanyue Temple under the Influence of Different Cultures

The study explores the architectural characteristics of the Nanyue Tmeple in three aspects: The influence of religions culture, culture of sacrifice and folklore, and Chinese traditional philosophy of nature. The results show that the architectural characteristics of the temple can be summarized as the followings- Samgharama principle used in the site planning; open space inside and close outside; architectural details and materials adopted from vernacular architecture.

Mapping habitats in a marine reserve showed how a 30-year trophic cascade altered ecosystem structure

Time-series studies have reported trophic cascades in land, freshwater and marine environments in many geographic areas. However, the spatial extent of habitats, a key metric of ecosystem structure, has not been mapped in these studies. Marine reserves can provide experimental, before–after and inside–outside (control-impacted), situations for assessing the impact of fishing on ecosystems. We mapped seabed habitats and their associated communities (biotopes) in New Zealand’s oldest marine reserve for comparison with pre-reserve maps created about 30years previously.Areas grazed bare by sea urchins were entirely replaced in the centre of the reserve by kelp, or alga turf, an intermediate biotope between heavily grazed encrusting algae and lightly grazed kelp. Urchins declined following increased abundance and body size of spiny (rock) lobsters and fish (especially snapper) in the reserve but maintained bare rock outside. While this gradient in habitat change matched the gradient of predator abundance, it also matched the extent of reef habitat area. Thus the trophic cascade may be influenced by the effect of habitat on the abundance and behavioural interactions of urchins and their predators. Further ecosystem changes may arise should the abundance of mega-predators, such as seals, cetaceans and large sharks, increase in the region; if parasites become pathogenic; and/or when invasive species reach the reserve.No-take marine reserves provide real-world experiments that show the importance of species in food webs, and the consequences of fishing for ecosystems. Because these changes in ecosystem structure may continue, and will vary with environment, climate and species distributions, reserves need to be permanent and replicated geographically. Habitat maps should be produced for all reserves to enable ecological changes in the ecosystem to be spatially quantified.

Monogamous order and the avoidance of chaotic excess

In Western culture, sexual fidelity is widely regarded as a prime source of relationship stability and personal happiness and thus a worthy practice. This article is an empirical and critical account of monogamous coupledom as a privileged relational experience. Data are drawn from 14 in-depth interviews with Australian men and women who self-identified their cross- or same-sex partnerships as sexually and emotionally monogamous. Monogamy, as participants construct it, is critiqued as an action and policy that produces an exclusive and contained essence of relationships and that guards against a perceived chaotic excess that is set-up in opposition to it. Such action is seen to impel a sense of mastery in relationships and selves that are properly enclosed, channelled and thereby ordered. The sociohistoric binary arrangement of an ordered inside and chaotic outside is focused on as enabling a superior monogamous order while also underpinning its precariousness and psychological frailty. Drawing on Deleuzian ideas about a non-privileged and non-hierarchical system of relating, an alternative way of intimately connecting with others is brought into theoretical view, one that does not favour contained and fixed essences as foundations for relationships, intimate connections and life.

Fast Learning of Grammar Production Probabilities in Radar Electronic Support

Although stochastic context-free grammars (SCFG) appear promising for the recognition and threat assessment of complex radar emitters in radar electronic support (ES) systems, the computational requirements for learning their production rule probabilities can be onerous. The two most popular methods, the inside-outside (IO) algorithm and the Viterbi score (VS) algorithm, are both iterative. IO maximizes the likelihood of a training data set, whereas VS maximizes the likelihood of its best parse trees. Even though VS is known to have lower overall computational costs in practice, both algorithms can be impractical for complex grammatical models. Several techniques have been previously developed to accelerate learning. In this paper, two fast variants of the traditional IO algorithm, known as graphical expectation-maximization (gEM(IO)) and tree-scanning (TS(IO)), are reviewed, along with a third technique called HOLA. In addition, two novel algorithms are proposed that apply the gEM (gEM(VS)) and TS (TS(VS)) principles to the Viterbi technique. An experimental protocol is defined and implemented so that the performance of all five techniques (gEM(IO), TS(IO), gEM(VS), TS(VS), and HOLA) can be compared using simulated training sets of complex radar signals. These techniques are compared from several perspectives-perplexity (the likelihood of a test data set), error rate on estimated states, time and memory complexity per iteration, and convergence time. Estimation of the average case and worst case execution time and storage requirements allow for the assessment of complexity, while computer simulations, performed using radar data sets, allow for the assessment of the other performance measures. The impact on performance of the number of sequences in the training set is observed. Results indicate that gEM(IO) and TS(IO) provide the same level of accuracy, yet the resources requirements depend on the ambiguity of the grammars. As expected, the gEM(VS) and TS(VS) techniques provide significantly lower convergence times and time complexities in practice than gEM(IO) and TS(IO), for a comparable level of accuracy. All of these algorithms may provide a greater level of accuracy than HOLA, yet their computational complexities may be orders of magnitude higher.

Electrical Model of Inside Sense Outside Drive Frame Micro-Gyroscope Including Quadrature Error and Coriolis Offset

Quadrature error and Coriolis offset are main errors of micro-gyroscopes which caused by manufacturing imperfections. They deteriorate the overall performance of micro-gyroscopes. For inside sense outside drive frame micro-gyroscope, quadrature error and Coriolis offset have their own characters. Based on the mechanical analysis of inside sense outside drive frame micro-gyroscope in imperfect condition, the dynamic equations of condition with quadrature error and Coriolis offset are investigated, and an equivalent electrical model with quadrature error and Coriolis offset is presented. It is convenient to observe the effect of quadrature error and Coriolis offset by equivalent electrical model simulating. Three conditions are simulated and compared. The results indicate that the Coriolis offset reduces the amplitude of instantaneous displacement to a very small extent. Its effect can be neglected. Quadrature error causes an error displacement with the amplitude much bigger than the prefect displacement’s amplitude. It is the overwhelming error in ISOD frame micro-gyroscope.