Insecticide Seed Treatments Research Articles

Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Preflowering Mungbean Insect Pests, 1981

Abstract Insecticides as seed treatments at 10 g ai/100 kg seed were tested at IRRI (Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines) for control of preflowering mungbean insect pests. Mungbean seeds (100 kg/ha) were shaken in a plastic bag with each insecticide and 25$ gum arabic before sowing to 5 m plots on Feb 26 in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plant stand was thinned to 300,000 plants/ha after emergence. The Santa Rita series soil (clayey amorphos isohyperthermic, Typic Hapludolls) -- pH = 6.5, 52% pore space, 2.7% organic matter, 34% clay, 36% silt, 30% sand -- averaged 39° and 28°C for daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 5 cm depth, respectively, the first 14 days after sowing.

Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Pre-Flowering Cowpea Insect Pests, 1981

Abstract Thirty-nine insecticides applied as seed treatments at 10 g ai/100 kg seed were tested at IRRI (Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines) for control of pre-flowering cowpea insect pets. Cowpea seeds (100 kg/ha) were shaken in a plastic bag with each insecticide and 25% gum arabic before sowing to 5 m plots on Feb 27 in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plant stand was thinned to 200,000 plants/ha after emergence. The Santa rita Series soil (clayey amorphos isohyperthermic, Typic Hapludolls) -- pH = 6.5, 52% pore space, 2.7% organic matter, 34% clay, 36% silt, 30% sand -- averaged 39°C and 28°C for daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 5 cm depth, respectively, the first 14 days after sowing. There was no rainfall during this dry season trial, but the plots were irrigated with overhead sprinklers. In each plot at 21 days after crop emergence (DE), 25 random plants were dissected for evidence of beanfly stem tunneling and 25 leaf bud terminals were removed randomly and placed in 70% alcohol for counting thrips under a microscope. Leafhopper adults and nymphs were counted from 25 randomly selected plants per plot. All plots including the untreated control received post-flowering insect pest protection with decamethrin 0.03 kgai/ha sprays 25, 35, 45 DE. Yield cuts were 5 m row per plot.

Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Preflowering Cowpea Insect Pests, 1980

Abstract Nineteen insecticides applied as seed treatments at 10 lb ai/100 lb seed were tested at IRRI (Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines) for control of preflowering cowpea insect pests. Cowpea seeds (37 lb/acre) were agitated in a plastic bag with each insecticide and 25% gum arable before sowing to 5-m2 plots on Feb 26 in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The Santa Rita series soil (clayey amorphos isohyperfhermic, Typic Hapludolls), pH = 6.5, 52% pore space, 2.7% organic matter, 34% clay, 36% silt, 30% sand, averaged 39° and 28° C for daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 5 cm depth, respectively, the first 14 days after sowing. There was no rainfall during this dry season trial, but the plots were irrigated with overhead sprinklers. In each plot at 21 days after crop emergence, 20 random plants were dissected for evidence of beanfly damage and 20 leaf buds were removed from random plants, placed in 70% efhyl alcohol for counting thrips under a stereoscope.

Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Preflowering Mung Bean Insect Pests, 1980

Abstract Nineteen insecticides applied as seed treatments at 10 g aiAg seed were tested at IRRI (Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines) for control of preflowering mung bean insect pests. Mung bean seeds (33 kg/ha) were agitated in a plastic bag with each insecticide and 25% gum arable before sowing to 5-m2 plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications on Mar 10. The Santa Rita series soil (clayey amorphos isohyperthermic Typic Hapludolls), pH = 6.5, 52% pore space, 2.7% organic matter, 34% clay, 36% silt, 30% sand, averaged 37° and 28°C for daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 5 cm depth, respectively, the first 14 days after sowing. There was no rainfall during this dry season trial, but the plots were irrigated with overhead sprinklers. In each plot at 21 days after crop emergence, 20 random plants were dissected for evidence of beanfly damage and 20 leaf buds were removed from random plants, placed in 70% ethyl alcohol for counting thrips under a stereoscope.

Effects of Fungicide and Insecticide Seed Treatments on Germination, Stand, and Development of Cotton Seedlings1

At standard germination temperatures (20 to 30 C), percent germination of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds was not increased by treatments containing cyano (methylmercuri) guanidine (Panogen 15)3, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), and O,O‐diethyl S‐2‐[(ethylthio) ethyl] phosphorodithioate (disulfoton) as compared the untreated check. Germination was reduced by some treatments containing PCNB and disulfoton used alone and in combinations. Germination at constant 18 C was not affected by any treatment. In field and greenhouse tests conducted at sub‐optimum temperatures, seedling survival was increased by Panogen 15 used alone and in combination with either PCNB or disulfoton or both as compared to the check. However, stands were not increased significantly by overcoating Panogen 15‐treated seeds with PCNB and disulfoton as compared to Panogen 15 used along. In field and greenhouse tests phytotoxicity ratings of seedlings were related to application of disulfoton. There was a slight increase in phytotoxicity ratings for treatments containing the three pesticides as compared to treatments with disulfoton or with the insecticide plus either of the fungicides.

Control of the Rice Green Leafhopper with Insecticidal Seed Treatment and Pretransplant Seedling Soak12

Carbofuran 75% WP, propoxur 50% WP and 20% EC, phosphamidon 80% EC, and dimethoate 30% re were tested for their effect on germination of Taichung (Native) 1 rice seeds and for mortality of the rice green leafhopper, Nephotettix impicticeps Ishihara, by using them as seed dressings and pretransplant seedling soaks. Carbofuran and propoxur had no adverse effect on germination and caused 100% mortality of leafhoppers within 6–24 hr after they were caged on plants raised from seeds treated with 0.5 to 2% active ingredient. Phosphamidon and dimethoate, though effective against the insects, were phytotoxic at the doses tested and reduced seed germination. Pretransplant soaking for 36 hr in carbofuran solutions of 8.0 and 16.0 g of 75% WP/4.6 liter of water was nonphytotoxic and caused 100% mortality of rice green leafhoppers within 6 hr after release on 15 and 30 day old transplants. Soaking for 36 hr in the solutions of propoxur 50% WP at 22.5, 45.0, and 90.0 g, propoxur 20% EC at 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 ml; dimethoate at 13.0, 26.5, and 53.0 ml, and phosphamidon at the dose of 16.0 ml/4.6 liter of water were found to be phytotoxic to seedlings.

Systemic Insecticide Seed Treatment Tests on Soybeans

Several insecticides were screened for possible use as seed treatments to control certain insects on soybeans. Furadan® (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) and American Cyanamid CL-47031 (cyclic ethylene (diethoxyphosphinyl) dithioimidocarbonate) at the rate of 8 oz technical per 100 pounds of seed were effective in controlling yellow-striped armyworm, Prodenia orinthogalli Guenee, on week-old scedlings. Fura-dan at rates of 2, 4, 6, and 8 oz technical per 100 pounds of seed was effective in controlling newly hatched fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), on 2- and 3-week-old seedlings. CL-47031 was only partially effective at the same rates. Furadan at rates of 4 and 8 oz technical per 100 pounds of seed was 90% effective in controlling adult southern corn rootworms, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howard Barber, on 11-day-old seedlings 2 days after they were infested. Less than 50% control was obtained on 22-day-old seedlings 2 days after being infested. CL-47031 at the same rates gave 60–70% control on 11-day-old seedlings 2 days after infestation, and no control on 22-day-old plants. Faraday and CL-47031 as seed treatments reduced nodule formation by inoculate added to the seed, but did not interfere with nodule formation by inoculate already present in the soil. Seedling emergence and growth from seed treated with Faraday or CL-47031 were similar to checks.

Effects of Low Dosages of Insecticidal Seed-Treatments on Cotton and Cotton Insects12

Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 1960 to determine if low dosages of insecticidal seed-treatments would control certain cotton insects without delaying the fruiting of cotton. Phorate was applied to Coker 100A cottonseed at dosages of 0.5, 0.25, and 0.125 Ib/bu and RP 9599 ( N -methyl ( O, O -diethyldithiophosphosphoryl)-5 thia-3 methyl-2 valeramide) and RP 9349 ( N -methyl ( O, O -diethyldithiophosphoryl)-5 thia-3 valeramide) were applied at 0.25 1b/bu. With the exception of RP 9599 against the cotton aphid, Aphis gosspii Glover, and A. craccivora Koch, all treatments controlled infestations of these aphids and thrips, Frankliniella spp., from plant emergence to the 8-leaf stage of growth. However, all treatments failed to control aphids during the first 2 weeks of flowering. Delayed fruiting and reduced yields were associated with RP 9599 and the phorate seed-treatments but not with RP 9349.

Effect of Insecticide Fertilizer Mixtures and Seed Treatments on Emergence of Sugar Beet Seedlings1

Two years’ results in Manitoba have shown that heptachlorfertilizer mixtures, applied to the seed furrow for control of the sugar-beet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Roed.), did not reduce sugar beet stands significantly. phototoxic effects were not serious, even under dry soil conditions, when fertilizer mixtures (consisting of 1.25,% actual heptachlor, 1.8% to 5.0% xylene on ammonium phosphate (11-48-0)) were applied to the seed furrow at 80 pounds per acre. The phytotoxic effect of insecticide fertilizer was attributed to fertilizer which interferes with the uptake of the water required by the seed for germination mixtures, or to insecticide or solvent which may cause seedling damage. Phorate and Diazinon® ( O, O -diethyl O -(2-isopropyl-propyl-1-4methy1-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate) were more phytotoxic than Trithion® ( S-(p -chlorophenylthio)methyl O, O - diethyl phosphorodithioate) or heptachlor in field and laboratory tests. Similarly the insecticide solvent Velsicol AR-60 shown by this laboratory test to be more phototoxic than xylene depressed seedling emergence significantly in the field. Laboratory tests showed that when soil moisture was 21% or 16.6%, seedling emergence was reduced significantly when heptaehlorfertilizer mixtures or fertilizer were applied in contact with the seed. But the addition of heptachlor and 2% solvent did not depress emergence more than fertilizer alone. Seed treatments with heptachlor and Trithion or phorate and Diazinon were not phytotoxic when used in conjunction with captan-treated seed. Without captan, heptachlor and phorate depressed seedling emergence, but heptachlor in combination with captan may enhance the protective action of captan. Captan-treated seed improved seedling stands slightly when used with heptaehlorfertilizer mixture.

Efficacy of Insecticidal Seed Treatments Against Wireworms on Lima Beans and Corn1

Insecticidal seed treatments on baby lima beans effected a 45% mortality of the eastern field wireworm, Limonius agonus (Say), found in a row 18 days after planting. Average gains of (61.6% in stand and 36.4% in whole plant weight were attributed to seed treatments, as measured at harvesttime. No advantage was found in using lindane, dieldrin, heptachlor or aldrin at more than 0.5 oz. per 100 pounds of seed. Averages from three separate corn experiments in loam soil infested with wireworms ( Agriotes mancus (Say) and Melanotus sp.), showed 5.8% increase in stand and a 5.7% increase in yield using 0.1 and 0.25 oz. of heptachlor. dieldrin, or aldrin per bushel of seed. These gains were 52.7 and 25.7%. respectively, of the benefits derived from “maximum control” plots where 1.5 pounds of heptachlor per acre were employed as a soil treatment. There was no significant difference between the three insecticides or between the two dosages employed.

Insecticidal Seed Treatments for Cotton1

Replicated tests conducted during three growing seasons (1954, 1955, 1956) at College Station, Texas, have shown that several systemic insecticides (demeton, Am. Cyanamid 12008 and 12009, Thimet and Bayer, 19639) applied as seed treatments adequately protected young cotton plants from thrips for a period of 4 to 6 weeks after the planting date. These materials varied in phytotoxicity which was manifested by reduced emergence or somewhat delayed fruiting under unfavorable conditions for plant emergence and growth. No significant reduction in yield resulted from these phytotoxic effects.

Influence of Different Insecticidal Seed Treatments on Wheat

During seed treatment studies of cereals (Srivastava, 1955) at Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, U. S. A. some interesting results were observed with wheat which are recorded below. Insecticides and insecticide-fungicide formulations were applied at different rates as seed treatment on wheat to determine the effect of each on germination and subsquent plant growth. The insecticides used were wettable powders of 25% lindane, 75% aldrin, and 50% heptachlor. Insecticide-fungicide combinations used included Seed Guard, a commercial wettable powder formulation, and liquid Panogen PA-1 and Panogen PA-2. A given quantity of certified Pawnee wheat was weighed and treated with different dosages of chemicals in a motordriven rotary mixer on the basis of fluid or avoirdupois ounces per 100 pounds of seed. Treated and untreated samples were then placed in individual cotton sacks and stored in a dry room to simulate farm storage conditions.

Insecticidal Seed Treatment for Control of the Thief Ant1

Journal Article Insecticidal Seed Treatment for Control of the Thief Ant Get access Brig Kumar Srivastava, Brig Kumar Srivastava Kansas State College, Manhattan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harry R. Bryson Harry R. Bryson Kansas State College, Manhattan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 49, Issue 3, 1 June 1956, Pages 329–333, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/49.3.329 Published: 01 June 1956

Some Effects of Insecticide Seed Treatment on Dent Corn12

Some Effects of Insecticide Seed Treatment on Dent Corn12

Insecticide Seed Treatment of Soybeans in Relation to Phytotoxicity and Seed-Corn Maggot Control12

Insecticide Seed Treatment of Soybeans in Relation to Phytotoxicity and Seed-Corn Maggot Control12