Input-output Perspective Research Articles

Water consumption assessment in Asian chemical industries supply chains based on input-output analysis and one-way analysis of variance.

Chemical sector contributes extensively to the economic development of countries, however, it is one of the main water-consuming industries. Considering that the corporate water accounting along complete SCs can help companies in improving their sustainable water managements along their value chains, this paper aims to study the water consumption in the entire supply chain of the chemical industry from a multi-regional input-output perspective. In this regard, six Asian countries including Indonesia, Taiwan, China, Japan, South Korea and India are selected to be studied based upon the availability of their data. In the following, the direct water consumed by themselves and the indirect water used by their suppliers are measured for each country using input-output analysis method. Moreover, to draw on the conclusions of selected Asian countries, the amount of consumed water in their supply chains is compared with each other using one-way analysis of variance method. The results from input-output analysis show that the indirect water consumption in the chemical SCs of Indonesia, China, India and South Korea are 20.66, 4.62, 1.37 and 1.08 times greater than their direct water use, while the indirect water consumption for Japan and Taiwan are 0.73 and 0.13 times less than their direct values. The final results from one-way analysis of variance indicate that direct and indirect amount of water consumptions in the chemical supply chains of the selected countries do not follow the same trend over 15years. However, India and China are the top two countries in terms of both direct and indirect amounts of water consumption due to their higher population. This study presents valuable information for authorities and policymakers in terms of proper water consumption management in chemical industry and other industrial sectors. In this matter, technology-based or production-related actions are beneficiary for affecting direct water use, while consumption-based or end-use actions are more appropriate for affecting indirect water consumption.

Performance Evaluation of Collaborative Innovation of Industry, University and Research Institute in China

As an important form of technological innovation, the collaborative innovation of industry-university-research institute has attracted more and more attention from the business circles, science and technology management departments and academic circles in China. Against this background, the performance evaluation model of industry-university-research collaboration innovation was established on the basis of the input-output perspective, and the factor analysis was used to scientifically assess the performance of industry-university-research collaboration innovation in 29 provinces and cities in China. The scores and rankings were analyzed in detail.

An Input–Output Parametrization of Stabilizing Controllers: Amidst Youla and System Level Synthesis

This paper proposes a novel input-output parametrization of the set of internally stabilizing output-feedback controllers for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Our underlying idea is to directly treat the closed-loop transfer matrices from disturbances to input and output signals as design parameters and exploit their affine relationships. This input-output perspective is particularly effective when a doubly-coprime factorization is difficult to compute, or an initial stabilizing controller is challenging to find; most previous work requires one of these pre-computation steps. Instead, our approach can bypass such pre-computations, in the sense that a stabilizing controller is computed by directly solving a linear program (LP). Furthermore, we show that the proposed input-output parametrization allows for computing norm-optimal controllers subject to quadratically invariant (QI) constraints using convex programming.

Efficiency Analysis of Health Insurers’ Scale of Operations and Group Affiliation with a Perspective Toward Health Insurers’ Mergers and Acquisitions Effects

This research uses an indirect methodology to examine the effects of health insurance mergers and acquisitions by analyzing the impact of insurers’ scale of operations and group affiliation status on benefits, costs, and efficiency from the perspective of various stakeholders. The analysis can provide insights related to federal and state governments’ antitrust scrutiny and regulations, and can inform the public debate over mergers and acquisitions in the health insurance industry. We find that stakeholders in this process (consumers, regulators, health care providers, society at large) are inconsistent regarding the assessment of what constitutes efficiency with respect to scale of operations and group affiliation status, depending upon their viewpoint (choice) of most appropriate inputs and outputs to the health care market dynamics. In this study, big-sized insurers (those in the top 20% of insurers by member month enrollment) and small groups (those affiliated with a group with fewer than 10 member insurers) are the most efficient from the societal input–output perspective, From a composite perspective that combines the input–output choices relevant from the societal perspective and from the insurers’ perspective, big-sized insurers and big groups (those affiliated with a group with 10 or more member insurers) are found to be the most efficient. Additionally, we find most insurers are scale inefficient. The analysis of scale (dis)economies provides some guidelines regarding the appropriate scale of operations for the scale efficiency, and informs discussion of mergers and acquisitions among health insurers.

Study on the effect of the environmental protection industry and investment for the national economy: An input-output perspective

Using various coefficients and demand-supply models based on environmental protection industry input–output tables in China, this study attempts to answer the questions of how and to what extent the environmental protection industry and investment advance the country's industries, economy and employment. The results demonstrate that the environmental protection industry plays a key role in the green economy, it can drive and support the development of other industries, especially the manufacturing industry with total drive coefficients of 1.0516 and 1.0899 in 2010 and 2012, respectively. Besides, it can effectively boost the national economy and employment, which are also an important part of a green economy and jobs. However, results show that environmental protection investment plays a limited role in driving the environmental protection industry, which itself is an altruistic industry with self-drive coefficients of 0.32 and 0.31 in 2010 and 2012, respectively. Furthermore, investment in other industries does not flow effectively into the environmental protection industry. Finally, some suggestions were recommended for better developing the environmental protection industry.

A study on the operation efficiency of hospital clinical departments using data envelopment analysis

Objective To examine the operation efficiency of hospital clinical departments and explore ways to improve inefficient units from an input-output perspective. Methods We used the data envelopment analysis(DEA) to analyze the panel data in 2013-2017 from 30 clinical departments of a hospital, applying the CCR model and the BCC model. Results The overall operation efficiency of the hospital was as high as 26.32% of its clinical departments showed the increasing returns to scale. The scale efficiency was found to be high when the bed size in clinical departments ranged from 1 to 20, from 41 to 80, or from 91 to 100. There was an irrationality in fixed assets and staff deployment. Conclusions Size and input of clinical departments should be carefully planned to increase resource utilization efficiency. Key words: Health resources; Resource allocation; Data envelopment analysis; Clinical departments; Operational efficiency

Supply chain: an input-output perspective. An example of application in the dairy products industry

In the globalised economy, a new territorial order and reorganisation has been created, which is threatened by global economic uncertainty, makes investments falter and inhibits the economic growth of countries. One way of counteracting this uncertainty is to approach scenarios through supply chain methodology in different branches of activity. This work shows the use of selected information in economic surveys to delineate alternative scenarios at the supply chain (CS) level with the input-output matrix (MIP). For this purpose, technical, scientific and official information on the subject has been considerate, as well as its impact on global economic phenomena.

Supply chain: an input-output perspective. An example of application in the dairy products industry

In the globalised economy, a new territorial order and reorganisation has been created, which is threatened by global economic uncertainty, makes investments falter and inhibits the economic growth of countries. One way of counteracting this uncertainty is to approach scenarios through supply chain methodology in different branches of activity. This work shows the use of selected information in economic surveys to delineate alternative scenarios at the supply chain (CS) level with the input-output matrix (MIP). For this purpose, technical, scientific and official information on the subject has been considerate, as well as its impact on global economic phenomena.

The Efficiency of Tourism Impact on People’s Livelihood: A Theoretical Framework

The impact of tourism on people's livelihood has always been a concern of the government and academia. The effects of tourism on people's livelihood include: employment absorption, stimulating consumption, boosting the government, improving infrastructure and living quality of citizens. The paper believes that, looking at the tourism impact on people's livelihood and efficiency from the input-output perspective, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) network model can be adopted to carry out research on two evaluation framework with two intermediate variables. The theoretical framework proposed in this paper will be a quantitative analysis about the impact of tourism on people's livelihood.

An Input–Output Framework for Submanifold Stabilization

We study submanifold stabilization problems from an input–output perspective, where plant and controller are relations on their sets of input–output signals. In contrast to the classical input–output approaches, we consider signals whose integral $p$ -fold distance to a submanifold is finite. For feedback interconnections of relations on such signals, we develop a framework to show that the distance of the output of the plant to the desired submanifold remains bounded. Within this framework, we present a small-gain theorem, a feedback theorem for conic relations, and a feedback theorem for passive relations. We connect our findings to multiplier theory and present applications to synchronization and pattern generation.

Converse passivity theorems

Passivity is an imperative concept and a widely utilized tool in the analysis and control of interconnected systems. It originates from the mathematical modelling of physical systems, including network synthesis and mechanical systems. It has also proved to be a key notion in adaptive and robust control. While many theorems on passivity are known in systems and control theory their converse statements have received much less attention. This paper establishes various versions of converse passivity theorems for nonlinear feedback systems. In particular, open-loop passivity is shown to be necessary to ensure closed-loop passivity from an input-output perspective. Moreover, the stability of the feedback interconnection of a specific system with an arbitrary passive system is shown to imply passivity of the system itself.

Modelling economic structures from a qualitative input–output perspective: Greece in 2005 and 2010

AbstractSectors in economic systems are interdependent because they trade goods that consuming sectors use as inputs; the relative values of those supply and demand links define economic structures. Industries play different roles depending on the relative number of connections they maintain with one another and on whether those links are preferably demands or supplies. On this regards, we extend a stochastic social structural model into the economic context. Further, we apply it to recent Greek data, analysing the role of different technological intensity sectors. We show that our results help to explain some structural features of this economy.

The influence of energy efficiency on other natural resources use: An input-output perspective

Energy efficiency improvements reduce the costs of energy services, and under some circumstances, increase the available income. This generates an additional increase of consumption of goods and services that need additional energy to be produced, distributed and consumed. This effect is known as the indirect rebound effect in the literature. However, beyond this additional increase of global energy consumption, there is also a variation of the use of other natural resources due to the same mechanism. This effect, which we label as direct and indirect cross rebound effect, is generally not considered by academia nor policy-making when designing and implementing energy policies. This research conceptualizes this effect, develops a methodology for its estimation and provides estimates for the Spanish economy. Results show that an energy efficiency in households could increase the use of minerals and water, while reducing the use of energy, fossil fuels and metal ores in Spain. These reductions, however, are lower than the expected ones from an input-output perspective, leading to positive direct and indirect cross rebound effects: between 64.6% and 74.7% for energy (equivalent to direct and indirect rebound effect); 48%–63% for fossil fuels. 84%–89% for metal ores; backfire for non-metallic minerals (147%–134%) and extreme backfire for water (1191%–1628%).

LOST IN THE VALLEY OF DEATH OF ACADEMIC INVENTIONS: A NON-RECURSIVE STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCHER�S ACTIVITIES

ABSTRACT The way that academic researchers assume their roles, and the relationships between them, are in the midst of numerous unresolved public and academic debates for the purpose of improving faculty performance. Two arguments were considered to study the distribution of university faculty’s efforts between their roles. While the first, the “resource allocation” argument, relies on a resource allocation perspective within which each activity is linked to the other by a resource dependency, the second, the “resource effect” argument, relies on dependency in terms of an input-output perspective. The literature is dominated by the former perspective; however, new insights in structural equation non-recursive models (SEM) allow using the latter study’s perspective. The result reinforces the perspective of conflicting relations between involvement in research and the researcher’s other duties. However, results suggest that such a conflict does not exist between teaching and involvement in administration. What is more, the total effect analysis shows that involvement in administration is also in conflict with all the entrepreneurial activities considered. The results also indicate there is no trade-off between publications and patents, but a trade-off exists between the different entrepreneurial mechanisms, and notably between consultation and spinoff creation. Keywords academic researcher’s portfolio, structural equation non-recursive models

Nitrogen oxide emissions and productive structure in Spain: An input–output perspective

We analyse the nitrogen oxide gas emissions of different productive sectors in Spain. Using input–output analysis, we study all sectors as subsystems of the economy and decompose into different components the total (direct and indirect) emissions generated by their final demand. This analysis provides guidance on the type of policies that should be developed in the different sectors with the aim of mitigating nitrogen oxide emissions. Some sectors that seem less important when looking at their direct emissions turn out to be highly relevant in terms of their total emissions. The results indicate that demand policies can be effective in these sectors, especially in construction, but also in some service sectors that do not appear to be important polluters at first sight. These policies can complement technical improvements applied to directly polluting sectors.

SUCCESSFUL TALENT MANAGEMENT THROUGH POSITIVE CSR-DRIVEN TRANSACTIONS

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the meaning of talent management (TM) in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and transaction cost theory (TCE). Approach: This is a literature review paper. Findings: The study suggests that, contrary to economical predictions, TM is a socially unpredictable process that has to be based on a clearly articulated and contingent input-output perspective provided by positive CSR strategies. This study shows (against a backdrop of the boundaries of the socially responsible organization) the transactional nature of talent management and highlights the issues that affect the process of talent acquisition, development and retention. The study proposes a CSR driven talent management model, to fill the gap between talent management processes and organization development requirements, that enhances in-house talent satisfaction, engagement and commitment talented employees to continue employment as well as attracting outside talents to the organization. Research limitations: This study is based on theoretical analysis and its assumptions should be tested empirically. Practical implications: The study shows the need for integration of the CSR practices and talent management to decrease transaction costs. The study stresses that CSR-driven TM has to consider the initial growth of transaction costs and their decline at the end of the TM process. Originality/Value of the paper: The study addresses a research gap by integrating TM with CSR and TCE perspectives. It is also suggested that instead of well-developed talent management processes companies have to consider striking a balance between profitability and responsibility to find an appropriate regulator of the future transactions.

Leveraging intensive longitudinal data to better understand health behaviors.

Behavioral scientists have historically relied on static modeling methodologies. The rise in mobile and wearable sensors has made intensive longitudinal data (ILD) -- behavioral data measured frequently over time -- increasingly available. Consequently, analytical frameworks are emerging that seek to reliably quantify dynamics reflected in these data. Employing an input-output perspective, dynamical systems models from engineering can characterize time-varying behaviors as processes of change. Specifically, ILD and parameter estimation routines from system identification can be leveraged together to offer parsimonious and quantitative descriptions of dynamic behavioral constructs. The utility of this approach for facilitating a better understanding of health behaviors is illustrated with two examples. In the first example, dynamical systems models are developed for Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), a prominent concept in behavioral science that considers interrelationships between personal factors, the environment, and behaviors. Estimated models are then obtained that explore the role of SCT in a physical activity intervention. The second example uses ILD to model day-to-day changes in smoking levels as a craving-mediated process of behavior change.

基于数据包络分析的江苏省水资源利用效率

采用水足迹理论分析江苏省2000-2010年水资源的真实利用情况,同时从投入产出的角度出发,选取农业用水量、工业用水量、生活用水量、COD排放总量、固定资产投资总额和从业人员数作为投入指标,GDP和粮食产量作为产出指标,运用数据包络分析中的C²R和BC²模型对这11a间江苏省的水资源利用效率进行评价。研究表明:2010年江苏省的水足迹为778.28 m³,总体呈缓慢上升趋势。农业用水、工业用水和虚拟水贸易是江苏省水资源利用中的主要组成部分。11a间DEA有效年份占64%,投入冗余和产出不足均为0,即投入和产出达到最优状态。在DEA无效年份中存在冗余,存在资源浪费和污染高排放的情况。可以通过DEA投影结果对其进行改进,实现资源的最优配置。;This paper attempts to employ water footprint approach to analysis the real use situation of water resource in Jiangsu Province, and established C²R and BC²models of data envelopment analysis(DEA) from the input-output perspective, which incorporates agricultural water,industrial water,domestic water,total COD discharge,fixed asset investment and labor as input indicators, and GDP and food production as output indicators to evaluate the water resources use efficiency of Jiangsu Province from the year 2000 to 2010. The results have shown that the water footprint of Jiangsu is 778.28 m³, indicating a slowly rising trend. In addition, the agricultural water,industrial water and the virtual water trade are major parts of water resource use in Jiangsu Province. The effective year of DEA accounts for 64% during the 11 years, and the redundant inputas well as the insufficient output is zero value, which means that the input-output has achieved the optimal state. While the redundant input in the invalid years of DEA have shown the extra pollution and resources allocation is unreasonable, which can be theoretically resolved to arrive at the optimal equilibrium point through the analysis of the DEA projection.

Trade and environment in China: an input-output perspective on the pollution haven hypothesis

Chinese input-output tables and data on Chinese energy consumption for 1995 and 2005 have been used to investigate the link between China’s spectacular trade performance and its environmental impact. The results suggest that although China’s ever increasing trade surplus is contributing to environmental degradation through the increased scale of energy demands, this deterioration has, to some extent, been offset by both trade induced changes in technology and by changes in the composition of trade. The results provide little support for the pollution haven hypothesis and indicate that this is an inappropriate argument to be used against the introduction of pollution abatement measures in developed economies.

Exports, energy and the environment in China: an input-output perspective

This paper investigates how the changing structure of Chinese foreign trade has impacted on employment, energy-intensity and the environment in recent years. Our findings indicate a considerable fall in both employment and energy intensity. A fall in employment intensity appears to be mainly due to an increase in the exports of assembly items which are relatively less unskilled employment intensive, while a decline in energy consumption, per billion yuan worth of exports, appears to be due to increased use of energy saving technology as the price of energy rises and the pressure for improving Chinese environmental standards grows. While a fall in energy consumption is a welcome development, overall environmental standards in China remain a major concern, not only for the Chinese but globally. The paper also suggests that increased investment in human capital is part of the answer to increasing employment in the modern economy while minimising damage to the environment. In turn increased human capital may ...