Input Of Pollutants Research Articles

Spatial Trends and Distribution Patterns of Toxic Heavy Metal Contamination in an Urbanized Watershed

Rapid urban growth in developing nations exacerbates pressures on water resources through increased pollution loading if management practices cannot adapt efficiently. This study evaluated industrial effluent impacts on river systems in Nigeria contaminated by discharge from beverage, oil and biscuit manufacturing plants. Physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations were monitored at sites upstream and downstream from waste outfalls during wet and dry seasons. Results demonstrated exceedances of national water quality standards for indicators of organic pollution like biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Notably, highly toxic heavy metals exceeded World Health Organization limits by over 100 times, posing serious public health concerns through various exposure pathways. Seasonal variations reflected changes in pollution inputs. Spatial trends showed metal levels decreasing with distance, though remaining well above safe levels 100m downstream. A predictive transport model was formulated based on field measurements incorporated into the advection-dispersion equation. Key coefficients for the dispersion rate and velocity/dispersion ratio were quantified, allowing simulation of concentration changes under differing scenarios. Model predictions closely aligned with observed metal distribution patterns. Findings highlight the need for upgraded wastewater treatment and emissions controls to mitigate pollution over-burdening natural assimilative capacity. Continuous monitoring programs should track remediation effectiveness. This study provides insights to help authorities balance rapid industrialization, environmental protection and sustainable development goals through evidence-based regulatory strategies ensuring public health.

Coastal Clean Up sebagai Upaya Penguatan Strategi Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil (KKP3K) Paloh Kalimantan Barat

Paloh District is a coastal area which directly borders to Sarawak (Malaysia) and the Natuna Sea. This area has the potential for marine and coastal resources, such as mangrove ecosystems, coral reefs and turtles, so it has been designated as one of the conservation areas in West Kalimantan. To date, in the management of KKP3K Paloh, there are still many challenges, one of them is plastic waste contamination. Plastic waste is a global and very complex problem, because it can have a negative impact on biota, ecosystems and human health. The results of a report from BKSDA in collaboration with the WWF-Indonesia Foundation, found that 21 young turtles were died on Paloh Beach, West Kalimantan due to plastic waste was found in their digestive tract. Plastic accumulation in the aquatic environment occurs when the rate of input of plastic pollution into an area exceeds the rate of natural removal processes. Therefore, it is needed an action to reduce the amount of plastic waste accumulated in coastal and marine areas. This activity aimed to reduce the amount of plastic waste on Sungai Belacan Beach, Paloh District, West Kalimantan. Apart from that, this activity was an effort to strengthen the management strategy for the Coastal and Small Islands Conservation Area (KKP3K) in Paloh, West Kalimantan. Community Service Activities were carried out at Sungai Belacan Beach. The results found the waste types consisting of plastic bottles, glass bottles, medicine bottles, drink cups/packaging, food and beauty product packaging, stereofoam, plastic bags and ropes, fishermen's fishing gear, and wood. Plastic waste has the highest percentage (95%), then wood waste (3%), and other types of waste (2%).

Health risk and pollution associated with trace metals in the waters of the Ebolowa municipal lake basin (Central Africa): evidence from hydrochemistry, quality indices, and statistical analyses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the status of trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn) and health and carcinogenic risk associated then in the Ebolowa Municipal Lake (EML) basin. To this end, 21 water samples were collected from the EML and its two tributaries, Mfoumou and Bengo'o, and analyzed by Quantofix method (nanocolors and visiocolor ECO) by using the MACHEREY-NAGEL photometer. The data were processed using multivariate statistics. The results showed that all the physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, and TDS), with the exception of TDS, comply with were within WHO limits. The distribution of trace metals at the three sites investigated was as follows: Zn (80-400 ± 1.58µg/L) > Cu (50-150 ± 9.38µg/L) > Fe (10-40 ± 0.71µg/L) > Pb (1-20 ± 3.02µg/L) > As (1-9 ± 0.44µg/L) > Ni (1-9 ± 1.48µg/L). However, the highest values were observed in the EML and the Mfoumou River, where Pb pollution was noted. Statistical analysis showed that anthropogenic inputs increase the presence of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Trace Metal Pollution Index values were below 15 at all sites, illustrating low levels of pollution. The trace metal evaluation index values for the Bengo'o stream are pure (mean = 0.6), slightly affected in the Mfoumou stream (mean = 2.0), and moderately affected in the EML (mean = 2.2). The toxicity load index values illustrate that the waters studied are toxic. The non-carcinogenic (HI) and carcinogenic (CR) health risk index values suggest a risk linked to oral ingestion in the LME and Mfoumou watercourses. The latter appears to be the main source of allochthonous pollutant input to the EML.

Microbial and environmental medium-driven responses to phosphorus fraction changes in the sediments of different lake types during the freezing period.

The comparative study of the transformation among sediment phosphorus (P) fractions in different lake types is a global issue in lake ecosystems. However, interactions between sediment P fractions, environmental factors, and microorganisms vary with the nutrient status of lakes. In this study, we combine sequential extraction and metagenomics sequencing to assess the characteristics of P fractions and transformation in sediments from different lake types in the Inner Mongolian section of the Yellow River Basin. We then further explore the response of relevant microbial and environmental drivers to P fraction transformation and bioavailability in sediments. The sediments of all three lakes exhibited strong exogenous pollution input characteristics, and higher nutritional conditions led to enhanced sediment P fraction transformation ability. The transformation capacity of the sediment P fractions also differed among the different lake types at the same latitudes, which is affected by many factors such as lake environmental factors and microorganisms. Different drivers reflected the mutual control of weakly adsorbed phosphorus (WA-P), potential active phosphorus (PA-P), Fe/Al-bound phosphorus (NaOH-P), and Ca-bound phosphorus (HCl-P) with the bio-directly available phosphorus (Bio-P). The transformation of NaOH-P in reducing environments can improve P bioavailability, while HCl-P is not easily bioavailable in weakly alkaline environments. There were significant differences in the bacterial community diversity and composition between the different lake types at the same latitude (p < 0.05), and the role of P fractions was stronger in the sediments of lakes with rich biodiversity than in poor biodiversity. Lake eutrophication recovery was somewhat hindered by the microbial interactions of P cycling and P fractions within the sediment. This study provides data and theoretical support for exploring the commonalities and differences among different lake types in the Inner Mongolian section of the Yellow River Basin. Besides, it is representative and typical for promoting the optimization of ecological security patterns in ecologically fragile watersheds.

Distribution of acid-volatile sulfides and simultaneously extracted metals in Guanabara Bay: combination of anthropogenic, sedimentological, and geochemical processes.

Coastal sedimentary systems are affected by continental and marine metal pollutant inputs associated with different hydrodynamic characteristics and geochemical processes. These include the formation of acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) within sediments, which affects metal bioavailability and associated aquatic biota toxicity risks. Physicochemical changes in these environments in the face of extreme natural or man-made environmental influences can dramatically alter metal bioavailability and toxicity through metal binding and immobilization as insoluble sulfides. Surface sediments from Guanabara Bay, river mouths, and two mangrove areas were collected, and AVS and simultaneously extracted metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn and ΣSEM were determined to assess sediment quality. A severe eutrophication history favored AVS concentrations exceeding or close to the sum-SEM concentrations, demonstrating that AVS play an important role in making trace metals unavailable for assimilation by living organisms, mitigating the risks of contamination for the local biota. This eutrophication-driven sulfide accumulation may attenuate the sediment toxicity in sites heavily polluted by metals, while some fewer eutrophic sites became more exposed to metals in excess to AVS.

Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes decussatus from Faro Lake (Messina), Italy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential bioaccumulation of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in the haemolymph and corpus of Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes decussatus from Lake Faro. The lake is particularly prone to the accumulation of substances that are potentially toxic to aquatic organisms, due to the input of pollutants from urban and agricultural sources and the low rate of water exchange. The combination of saltwater from the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Strait of Messina and freshwater from hilly aquifers has created brackish conditions in the lake, resulting in an area of high commercial shellfish productivity. As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined using a single quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; Hg was determined using a direct mercury analyser (DMA-80). Physicochemical parameters of the water from Lake Faro were also performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 9.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and Shapiro-Wilk normality was applied. Concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb below the permitted MRLs in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes decussatus used as ''biological indicators'' show that Lake Faro is not at risk of contamination by these pollutants and, moreover, is free of health problems for the consumer based on regulatory limits.

History of organic pollution in montane lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, inferred from a sediment core

In arid regions, montane lakes are valuable water sources and play important ecological roles. However, recent human-induced inputs of organic pollutants are threatening lake ecology in such regions and becoming a matter of great concern. To investigate pollutant histories and sources, we measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes in a dated sediment core that spans the last ∼350 years, from montane Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia). Results showed that organic pollutants were delivered to Lake Issyk-Kul in four stages and that their concentrations increased from Stage I (∼1670–1800 CE) to Stage IV (∼2000–2010 CE). Furthermore, we tracked the sources of sedimented PAHs using their ratios combined with n-alkanes data. Ratios of PAHs Ant/(Ant + Phe), Flt/(Flt + Pyr) and Bap/BghiP indicated that inputs during Stage II (∼1800–1970 CE) and Stage III (∼1970–2000 CE) came mainly from high-temperature combustion of coal and vehicle emissions. PAHs in Stage I and Stage IV, however, were mainly derived from low-temperature combustion and petrogenic sources. Diagnostic PAH ratios, combined with the natural n-alkane ratio (NAR＜0) and unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), showed that the sources of PAHs in Stage I were mainly from erosion of bedrock and partly influenced by forest wildfires, different from the source during Stage IV, which was mainly from refined petroleum caused by accidental spills. Our assessment of the contamination history of the lake indicates that toxicity risk to the waterbody from sediment PAHs is low, but recent discharges arising from traffic deserve attention.

The Spatiotemporal Variation and Historical Evolution of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, China

Many tributaries of the Pearl River carry large amounts of terrestrial pollutants into estuarine areas. Heavy metals accumulate in estuarine sedimentary environments, and coupled and changing biogeochemical processes occur in estuarine areas. The results of this study showed that the heavy metal contents in the sediment were the highest near the confluence of the Humen and Jiaomen outlets in 2005 and 2019; they were the second-highest near the remaining outlets, and gradually decreased toward the lower reaches, with high contents on the western shore and low contents on the eastern shore. The heavy metal pollution mainly originated from the Pearl River runoff. The historical evolution of heavy metals in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) effectively reflected the impacts of pollutant inputs from the river basin as well as industrial and agricultural production and anthropogenic activities in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). In 2019, the surface sediments were not contaminated with Hg, and the Pb and Zn contents decreased significantly, indicating significant advances in environmental management; however, the Cu and Cd levels still indicated heavy pollution level in the upper reaches.

Sources and high burial efficiency of fossil organic carbon in small bays and implication for coastal carbon cycle

Coastal seas receive and store large amounts of organic carbon (OC) from land and ocean, thereby playing a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Understanding factors that influencing OC sources and burial efficiencies in coastal areas have been challenging. We selected the Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) and its surrounding rivers heavily affected by human activities as a case study small bay. We presented bulk parameters of grain size, sediment surface area (SSA), TOC content and carbon isotopes (δ13Corg and Δ14Corg), terrestrial biomarkers (∑C27 + C29 + C31n-alkanes) and marine biomarkers (brassicasterol and dinosterol) in surface sediments and suspended particulates. Our results showed low TOC and biomarker contents in the Dagu River Estuary from the west of the JZB associated with coarse sediments and lower SSA. To estimate the OC proportions, we applied a three-end member mixing model based on TOC δ13Corg and biomarker ratios and obtained the OC contribution from phytoplankton (average 52 %), soil (average 34 %) and wetlands (average 14 %). A transect from east to west of the JZB was selected to further assess the OC age composition based on radiocarbon isotopic (14C) measurements for a new perspective. The lower Δ14Corg values in the east revealed fossil OC contributions from human activities, such as petroleum pollutant inputs from sewage outlets. Based on a dual‑carbon isotope (δ13Corg and Δ14Corg) mass balance mixing model, the OC contributions were 40 %, 34 %, 14 %, 12 % from fossil carbon, phytoplankton, wetlands and soil, respectively. The very high burial efficiency of fossil OC in JZB (111 ± 19 %) indicated that small bays such as the JZB could be an important sedimentary carbon sink.

A multi‐method approach for the identification and quantification of water balance components of two lentic small water bodies

AbstractThe protection of the globally widespread lentic small water bodies (LSWB) must be based on detailed knowledge about their hydrological connectivity and water balance. The study aimed to identify and quantify water balance components as well as surface‐groundwater interaction of two LSWB in a characteristic lowland region with a combination of different methods. This includes the collection of hydrological data and the use of bromide and water stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) as tracers. With their help, mixing models were established, and daily water balances were assessed. The results show a strong bidirectional interaction of both LSWB systems with shallow groundwater. Bromide and stable isotope tracers allowed for the identification of the most relevant in‐ and outflow sources and pathways. Thereby, isotope data revealed isotopic enrichment typical for open‐water bodies and only minor precipitation inputs mainly relevant at the end of the dry season. Water balance calculations suggested accentuated seasonal dynamics that were strongly influenced by shallow groundwater, which represented large inputs into both LSWB. By that, different phases could be identified, with high inflow rates in winter and spring and decreasing fluxes in summer. In one LSWB, a drainage system was found to have a major impact next to the shallow groundwater interaction. The findings of this research provide detailed insights into the influence and importance of shallow groundwater for LSWB in lowland regions. This impacts the diffuse input of agricultural pollutants into these ecologically important landscape features.

Roof runoff pollution control with operating time based on a field-scale assembled bioretention facility: Performance and microbial community dynamics

Bioretention facilities are essential, low-impact development measures to treat roof runoff pollution. To explore the effects of roof runoff pollution control and internal influencing mechanisms of field-scale bioretention facilities, a newly assembled bioretention facility (ABF) comprising volcanic rock and coconut coir was constructed. The results of the 21-month experiment showed that the peak concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of roof runoff were 332.50 mg∙L−1, 3.46 mg∙L−1, and 122.33 mg∙L−1, respectively, indicating that the roof runoff was seriously polluted and needed urgent treatment. The removal rates of TSS, NH4+–N, and COD within the facility were 86.50 ± 7.31 %, 79.40 ± 19.28 %, and 51.84 ± 26.24 %, respectively. However, continuous and high-intensity rainfall decreased pollutant removal performance by weakening the adsorption effect of the media. Continuous pollutant input decreased the abundance of Arthrobacter and Hyphomicrobium within the media, and functional bacteria, such as KD4–96, Roseiflexaceae, Vicinamibacteraceae, and Gaiellales, played dominant roles in NH4+–N and COD removal to ensure the long-term stability of the facility. This study provides theoretical guidance and a practical basis for enhancing the application of ABF in mitigating roof runoff pollution.

Creative destruction vs destructive destruction: A Schumpeterian approach for adaptation and mitigation

This article aims to demonstrate how a market exposed to a catastrophic event strives to find a balance between adaptation and mitigation policies through R&D strategies. Our analysis reveals that, within our framework, there exists no trade-off between adaptation and mitigation. Rather, the critical relationship exists between adaptation and pollution because adaptation (wealth accumulation) increases the growth rate of the economy, leading to a higher flow pollution due to the scale effect. We also investigate the long-run effects of pollution taxes on growth rates and the influence of the probability of catastrophic events on these outcomes. Our findings suggest that even with a higher likelihood of catastrophe, the economy can elevate its R&D endeavors, provided that the penalty rate stemming from an abrupt event remains sufficiently high and the economy confronts a risk of a doomsday scenario. Additionally, we illustrate that pollution taxes can foster heightened long-term growth, with the positive effects being more pronounced when the probability of catastrophe is elevated, assuming an adequately substantial penalty rate. Finally, we find that pollution growth can be higher with less polluting inputs due to a scale effect, a phenomenon akin to the Jevons-type paradox.

Integrated pollution analysis, pollution area identification and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil

Given the global prevalence of soil heavy metal contamination, knowledge concerning of soil environmental quality assessment, pollution area identification and source apportionment is critical for implementation of soil pollution prevention and safe utilization strategies. In this study, soil static environmental capacity (QI) for heavy metals was selected to evaluate pollution risks in agricultural soils of Wenzhou, southeast China. Combined with geostatistical methods, the pollution area was identified along with uncertainty analysis. Potential sources were quantitatively apportioned using a positive matrix factorization model (PMF). Results showed that agricultural soils in this study were mainly contaminated by Cd and Pb based on both Nemerow and QI indices. The environmental capacity assessment found more than 90% areas were identified as polluted soils for Qi-Zn, Qi-Cd and Qi-Pb, with minor uncertain areas. Cu was identified as having a high proportion of uncertain pollution area status, which was similar to the results of the integrated environmental capacity for all metals. PMF results indicated that industrial discharge, agrochemicals and parent material accounted for 32.1%, 32.2% and 35.7% of heavy metal accumulation in soils, respectively. Implementation of strict policies to reduce anthropogenic source emissions and remediate soil pollution are crucial to minimize metal pollution inputs, improve agricultural soil quality and enhance food safety.

Microplastic trapping efficiency and hydrodynamics in model coral reefs: A physical experimental investigation

Coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs, are vulnerable to microplastic pollution input from proximal riverine and shoreline sources. However, deposition, retention, and transport processes are largely unevaluated, especially in relation to hydrodynamics. For the first time, we experimentally investigate the retention of biofilmed microplastic by branching 3D printed corals (staghorn coral Acropora genus) under various unidirectional flows (U = {0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30} ms−1) and canopy densities (15 and 48 corals m−2). These variables are found to drive trapping efficiency, with 79–98% of microplastics retained in coral canopies across the experimental duration at high flow velocities (U = 0.25–0.30 ms−1), compared to 10–13% for the bare bed, with denser canopies retaining only 15% more microplastics than the sparse canopy at highest flow conditions (U = 0.30 ms−1). Three fundamental trapping mechanisms were identified: (a) particle interception, (b) settlement on branches or within coral, and (c) accumulation in the downstream wake region of the coral. Corresponding hydrodynamics reveal that microplastic retention and spatial distribution is modulated by the energy-dissipative effects of corals due to flow-structure interactions reducing in-canopy velocities and generating localised turbulence. The wider ecological implications for coral systems are discussed in light of the findings, particularly in terms of concentrations and locations of plastic accumulation.

Perspectives from modern hydrology and hydrochemistry on a lacustrine biodiversity hotspot: Ancient Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

The highly biodiverse Lake Poso, located in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, can be considered one of the least studied ancient lakes in the world. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of Lake Poso's hydrology and hydrochemistry, shedding light on factors that may have contributed to the exceptional biodiversity. Riverine and lake water chemical compositions indicated a soft water lake and relative major cation and anion abundances of Ca2+ ≫ Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO3– ≫ SO42− > Cl−, primarily a result of the high annual precipitation and chemical weathering of calcareous-siliceous metamorphic bedrock. Lake Poso’s nutrient concentrations were low (average DIN/TDP mass ratio of 6.2 and 50.9 for the lake surface water and its tributaries, respectively), indicating that most of the inlets were P-limited and that the lake was likely P-limited as well. Metal pollutants indicated a minor to moderate impact of anthropogenic land use (∼32 % of the catchment area). Water isotopic compositions of the different tributaries clearly delineated rivers draining higher elevation catchments with lower δ2H and δ18O from those draining lower elevation catchments with higher δ2H and δ18O. Surface lake water isotopic compositions indicated detectable evaporation from the lake leading toward more enriched isotope compositions than the integrated source signal. Overall, the findings suggested that Lake Poso remains relatively resilient to anthropogenic land use and related nutrient and pollutant inputs. However, ongoing alterations to its hydrological balance due to significant changes in land use may drive the lake towards higher trophic levels in the future.

Century-Scale Environmental Evolution of a Typical Subtropical Reservoir in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

As one of the world’s four Greater Bay Areas, the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) faces many environmental challenges along with rapid economic development, causing significant degradation of aquatic ecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge on long-term environmental changes (i.e., &gt;50 years), and restoration of the degraded aquatic ecosystems in the GBA has become increasingly difficult. This study selects a typical inland water body, the Miaotan Reservoir, from Huizhou City in the GBA, to explore long-term changes in water and the eco-environment over the past 70 years and to provide some restoration and management strategies for degrading aquatic ecosystems in the region. We collected a sediment core from the reservoir center and established an age–depth profile by integrating 210Pb and 137Cs dating. We then set up high-resolution diatom community succession stratigraphy and multiple indicators (grain size, element, geochemical and social indicators) as responses to environmental changes in the reservoir. Our results show that significant changes have occurred in the ecosystem and environment of the Miaotan Reservoir and its catchment over the past 70 years. The diatom community underwent a gradual transition from absolute dominance of the mesotrophic species Aulacoseira granulata to dominance of the eutrophic species Nicizschia gracilis, Nicizschia palea and Achanathes sp., indicating the onset of water quality degradation and ecosystem changes in the 1990s due to eutrophication. The RDA (Redundancy analysis) results demonstrate that exogenous pollutant inputs into the Miaotan Reservoir resulting from agricultural activities over the period led to serious environmental changes, e.g., toxic algal bloom and heavy metal pollution. This study enriches our understanding of long-term environmental changes in inland lakes and reservoirs in South China and provides insights into the restoration and management of aquatic ecosystems in the GBA.

Development of a coupled model to simulate and assess arsenic contamination and impact factors in the Jinsha River Basin, China

With the increasing severity of arsenic (As) pollution, quantifying the environmental behavior of pollutant based on numerical model has become an important approach to determine the potential impacts and finalize the precise control strategies. Taking the industrial-intensive Jinsha River Basin as typical area, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model coupled with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed to accurately simulate the watershed-scale distribution and transport of As in the terrestrial and aquatic environment at high spatial and temporal resolution. The effects of hydro-climate change, hydropower station construction and non-point source emissions on As were quantified based on the coupled model. The result indicated that higher As concentration areas mainly centralized in urban districts and concentration slowly decreased from upstream to downstream. Due to the enhanced rainfall, the As concentration was significantly higher during the rainy season than the dry season. Hydro-climate change and the construction of hydropower station not only affected the dissolved As concentration, but also affected the adsorption and desorption of As in sediment. Furthermore, As concentration increased with the input of non-point source pollution, with the maximum increase about 30%, resulting that non-point sources contributed important pollutant impacts to waterways. The coupled model used in pollutant behavior analysis is general with high potential application to predict and mitigate water pollution.

Оцінка сучасного гідрохімічного стану деяких рибогосподарських ставів Київщини

Purpose. To assess the quality of the hydrochemical regime of fishponds, the territory of which suffered massive missile strikes or was directly a combat zone or close to the front line. Methodology. Chemical parameters of water including the content of ammonium nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates and total iron were measured by the photometric method, while chloride concentration of chlorides by the argentometric titration method. The hydrogen indicator (pH) was determined electrometrically, and sulfate content and mineralization by the gravimetric method. All the above-mentioned methods are generally accepted in the comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of fishponds. Findings. The total amount of mineral salts dissolved in water was studied and analyzed in laboratory conditions, namely: the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chlorine, bicarbonate ions and sulfate ions. The determined permanganate oxidizability in the investigated ponds exceeded the normative values by 72, 49, 31, and 42%, respectively. The concentration of nitrates ranged from 19.96 to 6.34 mg N/dm3, nitrites from 0.33 to 0.11 mgN/dm3, which indicates the intensity of decomposition of organic substances and indicates a certain degree of contamination of ponds. The amount of total iron in the studied ponds ranged from 1.98 to 1.17 mgFe/dm3, respectively. A slight increase in mineral phosphorus in ponds No. 1 and No. 2 was established by 31 and 26%, respectively, which can probably be related to both the decomposition of zooplankton and the input of pollutants from the outside from the surrounding areas. The obtained results of the laboratory analysis of the chemical composition of water samples as well as their comparison with the normative values for water bodies used for aquaculture provide a basis for assessing the current hydrochemical state of the investigated ponds of Kyiv region Originality. For the first time, a hydrochemical analysis of fishponds in Kyiv Region was conducted, the territory of which suffered massive missile strikes or was directly a combat zone or close to the front line. Practical value. The obtained results will contribute to a better understanding of the current ecological state of fishponds in Kyiv region. Keywords: water body, chemical analysis of water, toxic substances, ecological condition.

Occurrence and phase distribution of benzothiazoles in untreated highway stormwater runoff and road dust.

The study about how tyre-derived particles can potentially worsen the water quality and how traffic pollution markers can affect the environment is crucial for environmental management. Road emissions are known to contribute to pollution in various environments, and benzothiazoles and their derivates can be used to trace pollutant inputs related to surface runoff in the aquatic system. A total of eight benzothiazoles were determined in highway stormwater runoff and road dust collected from February to August 2022 near Venice (Casale sul Sile, Veneto Region, Italy). A new analytical method was validated, by using an UHPLC system coupled to a mass spectrometer (triple quadrupole). The target compounds were determined in both dissolved phase and suspended particulate matter of runoff, and the road dust samples were divided into seven fractions depending on particle diameters to understand the fraction partitioning. The results indicate that 2-SO3H-BTH was the most concentrated benzothiazole in all the analysed substrates, suggesting tyre debris as the main source because it is usually used in the vulcanization process. 2-SO3H-BTH reached a mean concentration of 115 ± 59µg L-1, 4 ± 3µg L-1, and 411 ± 441µg Kg-1 for dissolved phase, suspended particulate matter, and road dust, respectively, while 2-OH-BTH and BTH showed values about an order of magnitude lower. The size distribution of most BTHs suggests that they are distributed in the finest fraction of road dust. An exception was given by 2-SCNMeS-BTH being present only in particles with a diameter > 1mm.

Rise and fall of an avian oasis: Tracking the impacts of land use change in a key coastal wetland in the world's largest megalopolis

Tropical estuaries support wetlands with high biodiversity value and provide essential ecosystem services. Many of these systems, however, are global hotspots for urbanization, particularly in Asia, where this process has resulted in rapid conversion, fragmentation, and degradation of 80 % of the wetlands along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) for migratory birds. However, the impact of such landscape scale changes on migratory birds at a key stopover site along the EAAF has not been evaluated. Here, we used long-term data (> 40 years) from Deep Bay (Hong Kong), a shallow embayment in the Pearl River estuary (PRE) in south China, to investigate the impact of urbanization on (1) catchment land use and water quality, and (2) its impact on the capacity of the wetland to support populations of migratory waterbirds. Deep Bay supports the largest remnants of mangrove forests and tidal mudflats in the PRE and is an important refueling ground along the EAAF. It is also part of the Greater Bay Area (GBA, population 86 million), the world's largest megalopolis. The principal component analysis highlighted the nutrient loading and cleansing effect from seasonal flushing as characterizing variation in water quality in Deep Bay over four decades. Major shifts in water quality during the study period were accompanied by contemporaneous changes in wintering waterbirds numbers. Prior to 2003, the main drivers of water quality were organic nutrients from animal husbandry. Following large-scale reclamation and increases in impervious surface cover post-2003, primarily due to the development of the megacity of Shenzhen (population 17.7 million), the hydrodynamics of Deep Bay have changed, with knock-on effects of sedimentation, input of pollutants, and changes in the macrobenthos. The wintering waterbirds community responded to these changes both in total numbers and the relative importance of feeding guilds. Where total bird counts are positively influenced by benthic biomass, and the benthic biomass is positively correlated to the water quality that is driven by the cleansing effect of tidal flushing. These anthropogenic drivers have negatively impacted migratory birds that use Deep Bay as a refueling station. This study highlights the need for policymakers to control these drivers and limit the level to which sensitive coastlines are urbanized.