Funding Input Research Articles

Household Energy Clean Transition Mechanisms under Market Failures: A Government Financing Perspective

Abstract: Clarifying the principles governing the transition to cleaner household energy is crucial for enhancing households’ access to clean and efficient energy, thereby enhancing households’ welfare and overall societal well-being. However, most existing energy transition theories are grounded in assumptions of perfect market functionality. This paradigm deviates from the reality of market failure and needs to comprehensively elucidate the process of transitioning to cleaner household energy. This study develops a framework for understanding the transition to cleaner household energy within the context of market failure. It investigates the effects and mechanisms of government funding and energy endowment on this transition, considering the accessibility and affordability of clean energy. The analysis is based on 20 years of data on rural energy consumption across 29 provinces in China. The findings reveal that government funding inputs significantly enhance the transition to cleaner household energy, facilitated by the clean energy supply effect, clean technology promotion effect, clean knowledge dissemination effect, and financial constraint alleviation effect. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that in regions abundant in renewable energy, government funding inputs can effectively stimulate the development and utilization of renewable energy sources, thereby enhancing the accessibility of clean energy and driving the transition to cleaner household energy. Finally, it is recommended that the market play a constructive role in the energy transition process in addition to increased government investment in energy infrastructure, extension services, and public education.

The dynamic mechanism of scientific and technological innovation in China’s marine biomedical industry

As one of the important forces promoting the development of the marine economy, the marine biomedical industry (MBI) shows typical knowledge and technology-intensive characteristics. It is of great significance to explore the industrial innovation dynamic mechanism for breaking through the bottleneck of innovative development as well as achieving high-quality development. This paper constructed a system dynamics model for scientific and technological innovation (STI) in the MBI and then explored the dynamic mechanism of STI in the industry through simulation. The study found that, in the innovation environment subsystem, the two factors of the intellectual property protection intensity and the government’s scientific research funding input had the most significant positive driving effects on STI of the MBI; the promotion of government education funding input showed a significant strengthening trend over time, while the marine environmental regulation intensity had comparatively little effect on the level of STI. In the subsystem of innovation input, both innovation funding input and innovation personnel input were the direct driving forces for the improvement of the STI level. And enterprises played a dominant role in STI because the STI level of the MBI was more sensitive to the changes in enterprise innovation input. Compared with the individual factor input, the synergistic promotion effect of multiple factors is more significant. In addition, it was found that there was a low conversion rate of scientific research achievements in China’s MBI by analyzing the influence of various factors changing on technological output and economic output. Based on the research results, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions in order to provide theoretical support and a practical basis for promoting the technological innovation level of China’s MBI as well as references for other countries.

The Efficiency of Islamic Banks in the Middle East and Southeast Asia: Stochastic Frontier Approach

<p>This research aims to compare and analyze the efficiency of Islamic banking in Southeast Asia and the Middle East by examining particular inputs such as third-party funds, operational expenses, labor costs, and return on assets, focusing on financing as the output. This quantitative study uses a purposive sampling technique to sample 30 sharia banks from Southeast Asia and 30 sharia banks from the Middle East from 2015 to 2022. The data used is secondary data from BankFocus and the annual financial reports of each bank. Data was processed using the Frontier 4.1 application with the Stochastic Frontier Analysis method. The results of this research show that the efficiency of sharia banking in the Middle East is higher than sharia banking in Southeast Asia. On the other hand, the return on assets has no impact on financing, but the input of third-party funds, operational expenses, and labor costs all have an impact. These findings show the importance of efficiently supervising the management of third-party funds and costs incurred by banks in order to improve banking performance. Hence, this will ultimately lead to an increase in the efficiency of sharia banking and a growth of banking profits.</p>

Digital engine boosts the new vitality of rural education: The role and innovation of college students

Education informatization has entered a new stage, and education digitalization is of great significance to promoting the high-quality development of rural education and helping rural revitalization. The research shows that the digital transformation of rural education in China is facing important problems such as the great difference in infrastructure level, the overall lack of digital application awareness and ability of rural teachers, and the mismatch between funding input and actual demand. In order to solve this series of challenges, this paper proposes a new way, by giving full play to the advantages of college students in digital technology, especially focusing on multimedia courseware production, to promote the high-quality development of rural education digitalization and provide strong support for rural revitalization.

Regression utility analysis of rural red cultural tourism industry chain for rural revitalization

Abstract A large number of red cultural sites preserved in the Chinese countryside, as well as the red spirit are combined with cultural tourism, and the red cultural tourism industry comes into being. This paper takes the service personnel of the rural red cultural tourism industry in County M as the research object, designs the relevant questionnaire, conducts the reliability test, and then obtains the relevant data of rural revitalization and rural red cultural tourism industry chain through the questionnaire survey method. Then, using the industrial environment and policies of the rural red cultural tourism industry chain as the independent variables and rural revitalization as the dependent variable, a round-off multiple regression analysis was carried out to explore the interrelationship between the two. The results show that rural revitalization = 1.374+0.086*tourism projects + 0.147*infrastructure + 0.169*tourism market + 0.177*tourist distribution = 1.074+0.246*history and culture + 0.259*red culture + 0.214*government policies + 0.268*funding inputs. This paper assists Chinese villages in improving the red cultural tourism industry chain and promoting rural revitalization by developing the red cultural tourism industry chain.

Scraping Therapy Improved Muscle Regeneration through Regulating GLUT4/Glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 Pathways in Rats with Lumbar Multifidus Injury.

High morbidity of nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) and large consumption of medical resources caused by it have become a heavy social burden. There are many factors inducing NLBP, among which the damage and atrophy of multifidus (MF) are most closely related to NLBP. Scraping therapy can have significant treatment effects on NLBP with fewer adverse reactions and less medical fund input than other modalities or medications. However, the mechanism of scraping therapy treating NLBP remains unclarified. Here, we wanted to investigate the effects of scraping therapy on promoting MF regeneration and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 54 male rats (SD, 6-7 weeks old) were randomly divided into nine groups, namely, K, M6h, M1d, M2d, M3d, G6h, G1d, G2d, and G3d, with six rats in each group. They were injected with bupivacaine (BPVC) to intentionally induce MF injury. We then performed scraping therapy on the rats that had been randomly chosen and compared treatment effects at different time points. In vitro data including skin temperature and tactile allodynia threshold were collected and histological sections were analyzed. mRNA sequencing was applied to distinguish the genes or signaling pathways that had been altered due to scraping therapy, and the results were further verified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Transitory petechiae and ecchymosis both on and beneath the rats' skin raised by scraping therapy gradually faded in about 3 d. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of MF was significantly smaller 30 h, 2 d, and 4 d after modeling (P=0.007, P=0.001, and P=0.015, respectively, vs. the blank group) and was significantly larger in the scraping group 1 d after treatment (P=0.002 vs. the model 1d group). Skin temperature significantly increased immediately after scraping (P < 0.001) and hindlimb pain threshold increased on the 2nd day after scraping (P=0.046 and P=0.028, respectively). 391 differentially expressed genes and 8 signaling pathways were characterized 6 h after scraping; only 3 differentially expressed genes and 3 signaling pathways were screened out 2 d after treatment. The amounts of mRNAs or proteins for GLUT4, HK2, PFKM, PKM, LDHA (which belong to the GLUT4/glycolytic pathway), p-mTOR, p-4EBP1 (which belong to the AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway), and BDH1 were enhanced, and p-AMPKα was decreased after scraping therapy. Scraping therapy has therapeutic effects on rats with multifidus injury by promoting muscle regeneration via regulating GLUT4/glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathways.

Research on Technology Foresight of Terminal Energy Consumption Based on Delphi Survey

In view of China's "carbon peak, carbon neutral" strategy, especially the important point of reaching the carbon peak by 2035 and achieving socialist modernisation, it is important to select a number of priority end-use energy consumption technology topics to promote the company's technological innovation. Based on the results of the two rounds of the Delphi survey, eight end-use energy consumption technologies with a "dual carbon" focus should be prioritised, namely: virtual power plant technology, electric vehicle technology, impact assessment and costing of carbon emissions and reduction, and carbon dioxide capture and storage technology. The results of the Delphi survey show that R&amp;D investment, policy mechanisms and market viability are the main constraints to the completion of these technologies. In response to these constraints, relevant recommendations are made in terms of funding input, institutional development and market development.

IMPACT OF PROJECT INITIATION ON PERFORMANCE OF OUTPUT-BASED FUNDED SABASABA URBAN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

Sabasaba urban water supply project was undertaken in order to increase the number of people in low-income areas within Murang’a County with access to improved water supply; to enable them to have clean water at their doorstep. In carrying out the project, World Bank employed Output-Based Aid scheme to make sure the project achieves its goals. Output-Based Aid funds predetermined project outputs unlike the conventional way of funding inputs. It serves to ensure prudent utilization of funds by shifting performance risk to the organization mandated to deliver services; it also does so by linking outputs to the ultimate payments; hence transparency during project implementation. The study sought to examine the influence of project initiation, project planning, project implementation, and project monitoring on the project performance of Output-Based Aid funded Sabasaba urban water supply project. The study adopted value chain and resource-based theories. A predictive correlation design was used. The target population was 56 employees drawn from Murang’a South Water and Sewerage Company which is the implementing agency for Sabasaba water supply project. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The study results were analysed using SPSS. The study found that the project initiation had a statistically significant influence on the project performance. The findings revealed that a unit change in the project initiation would lead to 0.404 changes in the project performance holding the other independent variables constant.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0943/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The relationship between innovative performance and environmental regulations: Evidences from Jiangsu Province, China

With the endless constraints brought about by limited resources and increased pollution, practices that aim for sustainable and innovative development is often seen as the thing of the future. Despite this collective shift towards sustainability, the relationship between regional innovation and environmental protection still vastly differs between different geographic units. This paper takes the Jiangsu province, a pioneering economic zone in East China, as a study object, and uses its thirteen cities’ panel data from 2006 to 2020 to check human capital input, foreign direct investment, research and development fund input, environmental pollution, and other independent variables that influence its innovation output. The study finds a strong positive relationship between R&amp;amp;D investment of enterprises, human capital input, local loans scaled for technical innovation, environmental regulation and innovative output. while the same is untrue between research and development fund input from government and innovative output. There are also negative contribution from the openness of cities and foreign direct investment, which indicates that presently more innovative achievements in Jiangsu come from independent research and development rather than relying on technology spillovers from foreign direct investments. Finally, future policies about enhancing the research and development input scale, encouraging local human capital, executing more fiscal and direct capital supporting tools, and upholding liberal trade policies as high-quality international export-oriented economy are suggested.

Analysis on the rationality of input and output of occupational health funds in an iron and steel enterprise

Objective: To analyzes the various occupational health investment and occupational health output of a steel enterprise, and propose a reasonable occupational health investment plan for this enterprise. Methods: In march 2016, various occupational health input and output data of various branches of an iron and steel company in 2015 were collected, and the efficiency of occupational health inputs and outputs of each branch was evaluated using data envelopment analysis (DEA) , and the branches with non-optimal efficiency were adjusted to propose a reasonable occupational health investment plan. Results: Among the branch plants investigated by this steel company, the occupational health input-output efficiency values of ironmaking north plant, power plant, hot rolling plant and stainless steel plant were 1, while the occupational health input-output efficiency of gas making plant, cold rolling plant, metallurgical furnace charge plant, coking plant, ironmaking south plant and long product plant were not the best, and the cold rolling plant has the lowest efficiency value of 0.759. For the cold rolling plant, only the parameters of acid rolling plant satisfy α=1 and s(-)=0, s(+)=0, while the remaining four workshops do not meet. After adjusting the inputs of each part according to the parameters, the occupational health output of the remaining four workshops can reach 1.7044, 2.0238, 1.3152 and 1.2136 times of the current workshop, respectively. Adjustment plans for other branch factories with unreasonable investment structures are also presented in the corresponding tables. Conclusion: The occupational health investment structure of the ironmaking south plant and other branches in this steel enterprise is unreasonable, and the adjustment using data envelopment analysis can maximize the benefits of its occupational health output.

Healthcare Professionals' Views of the Integrated County Healthcare Consortium in Zhejiang, China.

Introduction:The integrated county healthcare consortium (ICHC) is becoming an important measure to improve the capacity of primary-level medical services and to achieve grading diagnosis and treatment system in China. However, it is not clear whether health professionals are satisfied with this reform and what are the problems with it. This study aimed to understand the satisfaction of healthcare professionals to the ICHC in Zhejiang Province, China, and analyze the problems and improvement measures of the ICHC.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in the 11 pilot counties (cities and districts) implementing the construction of the ICHC in Zhejiang in November 2019. Healthcare professionals from the leading county-level hospital, three township health centers (THCs) or community health centers (CHCs) in each ICHC were invited to participate in this survey.Results:A total of 3531 healthcare professionals were included, 85.92% of the participants agreed that the integration of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other professional public health institutions into the construction of ICHC could actively promote basic public health work. The most severe problem was the lack of financial guarantee fund input (severity score: 2.92 ± 1.76). The most crucial measure to promote the construction of the ICHC was to increase government financial input and improve the security mechanism (importance score: 4.81 ± 0.47). The satisfaction of the healthcare professionals to the ICHC was 89.41%. The satisfaction of healthcare professionals from county-level hospitals was 2.37 (95% CI: 1.760–3.238) times higher than that of healthcare professionals from the township health centers (THCs) or community health centers (CHCs). The satisfaction of health professionals with a college degree or below was 3.215 (95% CI: 1.413–6.786) times higher than that of health professionals with a master’s degree or above.Conclusions:Zhejiang Province has taken adequate measures to promote the construction of the ICHC. However, there are still some problems. Appropriate and effective policies should be implemented to enhance policy coordination and promote competition among ICHCs, as well as to strengthen medical service quality management and improve performance appraisal scheme.

Efficient Use of Village Funds and Transfers to Regions in Increasing Community Welfare

Village economic and social development is one of the government's focuses to improve national development, therefore the central government is given authority to the village government in managing the implementation of village development to create welfare for rural communities through the allocation of funds provided by the Central Government and Regional Governments into the APBDes. . This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the management of regional incentive funds, special non-physical allocation funds and village funds, especially the allocation of village funds in 33 provinces in Indonesia for the 2019-2021 fiscal year towards village welfare as measured by the IDM, and provide solutions for improve the efficiency of village funds. The analytical method used in this research is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with three input variables and four outputs. After doing an analysis using the MaxDEA 8 analysis tool which shows the results there are only 8 provinces that are efficient in the use of input variables and village fund input variables have the lowest efficiency compared to regional incentive funds and special non-physical allocation funds.

How Strategic Interaction of Innovation Policies between China’s Regional Governments Affects Wind Energy Innovation

Prior research has shown the importance of innovation policies that promote innovation in renewable energy, such as wind power. We study the impact of the strategic interaction of innovation policies between regional governments in terms of wind energy innovation in China. Based on panel data from 2007 to 2018 on a provincial level in China, we construct an innovation strength index of each province in the wind power industry and investigate the inductive effect of the technology-push policy and the demand-pull policy, as well as their spatial spillover effect on wind energy innovation. The results show that the technology-push policy of local governments has an obvious inductive effect on wind energy innovation in the region, while also having a negative spillover effect through R&amp;D factor competitions between regions with geography proximity or with proximity in the ranking of R&amp;D funds input. In terms of the demand-pull policy, only changes at the national level can produce positive spillover effects by promoting expectations of market growth. Yet, competition between regions with proximity in the ranking of wind energy resource reserves produce negative spillover effects. The findings should have a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of global wind power.

Performance Management of University Financial Budget Execution Relying on Comprehensive Budget Management Strengthening Model

In order to improve the effect of college financial budgeting, this paper combines the comprehensive budget management strengthening model to construct the school financial budget execution performance management model and selects data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) as empirical analysis methods. Moreover, this paper puts forward the idea of analyzing the proportion of investment funds and obtains the optimal distribution proportion through mathematical methods. Under the circumstance that the total funding input remains unchanged, this paper adjusts the investment ratio to improve the efficiency of the colleges and centers in the school and combines actual needs to construct an intelligent model of financial budget execution performance management for colleges and universities that relies on the comprehensive budget management enhancement model. In addition, the model effect verification is carried out on this basis. According to the research, the energy system proposed in this paper plays an important role in the performance management evaluation of the financial budget implementation of colleges and universities and can effectively improve the effect of college financial budgets.

Usage Efficiency of Financial Poverty Alleviation Funds: An Empirical Analysis of China’s Eastern Rural Areas

Objective: The focus in this study is on how to improve the disharmony between the financial poverty alleviation investment model and the economic development efficiency. Methods: In this paper, based on the efficiency measurement principle of DEA method, an input-output model for evaluating the performance of poverty alleviation funds in counties of Shandong Province is constructed. Then, the data published by the government of 30 poverty-stricken counties in Shandong Province are selected and usedto measure the performance of poverty alleviation funds by Frontier Analyst 4.0 software according to indicators, including comprehensive efficiency analysis (CCR model), pure technical efficiency analysis (BCC model) and scale efficiency analysis (SE model). Results: (1) The average comprehensive efficiency of the use of financial poverty alleviation funds in 30 poverty-stricken counties in Shandong Province is 0.7898, of which 16 values are lower than the average;(2) Among the 30 poverty-stricken counties, the pure technical efficiency of poverty alleviation funds in 15 counties is 1, and the average value of pure technical efficiency is 0.9670, while the pure technical efficiency of poverty alleviation funds in 10 counties is lower than the average level; (3) From the perspective of average scale efficiency, the average scale efficiency of the use of financial poverty alleviation funds in 30 poverty-stricken counties involved in the study is 0.8168, and the use of poverty alleviation funds in more than half of counties shows increasing returns on scale. Conclusion: In poverty-stricken counties, the overall efficiency of the use of financial poverty alleviation funds is not high, among which the pure technical performance of input and output of financial poverty alleviation funds is relatively low. Therefore, under the same investment, more detailed and differentiated capital investment projects should be built to improve the efficiency of resource investment. For some counties with declining returns to scale, poverty alleviation projects with different characteristics can be added to improve the overall efficiency of poverty alleviation funds in counties.

Research on the Influence of Industry-University-Research Cooperation Innovation Network Characteristics on Subject Innovation Performance

The automobile industry serves as the primary industry for national development and also enhances manufacturing development strategies. Its source of power comes from the maturity and operational efficiency of the technology innovation network within the industry. Firstly, this paper takes the automobile industry of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object and depicts the topological structure of the 1985–2015 Industry-University-Research Cooperation Innovation Network (IURCIN) from the perspective of space-time evolution. Then, based on the 2015 industrial network characteristic data, the paper analyses the impact of individual network characteristics such as intermediate centrality, structural hole limitation, and cooperation intensity on the innovation performance of the respective network. At the same time, it adds innovation activity, per capita gross regional product (GRP), and research and development (R&amp;D) fund input intensity as control variables in the quantitative analysis. The results show that the centrality and structural hole limitation significantly and positively affect the subject innovation performance. The cooperation intensity and the subject innovation performance have an inverted U-shaped relationship. The innovation activity has a positive effect on the subject’s innovation performance. Furthermore, per capita GRP and R&amp;D expenditure intensity on the main innovation performance is not significant. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to promote the innovation performance of each subject in the IURCIN.

Exploring the Relationship Between Technological Innovation Input and Economic Growth in China

A report of the 19th National Congress of Communist Party of China (2017) stated that the core of innovation-driven development is technological innovation. For finding future economic development strategies in China, based on national time-series data from 2000 to 2019, this study mainly focuses on how technological innovation input affects economic growth. A multiple linear regression model was constructed; the results showed that both research and development (R&D) fund input and personnel input play a positive role in influencing economic growth in China, and the impact of R&D expenditure is more significant than that of R&D personnel. On this basis, we found the long-term stationary equilibrium relationship between technological innovation input and economic growth by applying the unit root test and cointegration analysis. Finally, two-stage least square specification was used to eliminate issues caused by endogeneity. Based on the above conclusions, the paper proposed policy suggestions for economic growth.

Using context-dependent DEA to analyze the efficiency of highly funded scientists in China

Funding inputs and research outputs have always been two central issues in the science of science. In recent decades, research funding plays an increasingly important role in scientific research. Thus, it is progressively significant for management authorities to measure the research efficiency of highly funded scientists, which can be helpful for them to make effective policies. However, few researchers use quantitative analysis to study these issues. To promote the research in this field, we begin with collecting a dataset. This dataset contains research funding and other information from 345 highly funded scientists in Mainland China. Next, we use the dataset to measure the efficiency of highly funded scientists based on the data envelopment analysis. In this way, highly funded scientists are placed into several levels according to their research inputs and outputs. We also give their attractiveness and progress scores compared to other grades. The learning path for less efficient scientists is also provided. We find that highly funded scientists have relatively high efficiency in three kinds of projects, such as the Major Research Plan. Besides, the career length and career start year are demonstrated to have a limited impact on the highly funded scientists. These patterns are beneficial for the development of the scientific community and management authorities to make policies.

Which pro-environmental farming behaviors should be priorities for funding? An approach based on matching ecosystem services (ESs) demand and supply

Eco-compensation (EC) for farmland conservation being implemented in China is a type of payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme that seeks to balance ecosystem services (ESs) consumption and supply. Despite the growing body of literature on the integration of the demand for, and supply of ESs or the identification of mismatches between them, still many challenges remain to structurally integrate them in policy making facing fund-saving. Therefore, integrating ESs demand and supply at the micro-scale to provide novel insights into using compensation funds efficiently and optimizing the design of PES schemes deserves increasing attention. This study investigated an approach for integrating the demand for, and supply of farmland ESs, i.e., the public's preferences and farmers' pro-environmental behaviors related to farmland ESs, into the design of differentiated EC policies to obtain more ESs with lower input of EC funds. It proposed a theoretical framework and research approach to identify the pro-environmental farming behaviors that should be funded as priorities by matching micro farmland ES demand and supply in multiple scenarios. Then, using survey data collected from four cities in Hubei Province, China, and expert consultation data, empirical research was conducted. By matching the 'key ESs' on the demand side and 'specific ESs' on the supply side in scenarios I, II and III, eight most critical pro-environmental farming behaviors that should be funded as priorities for each scenario were identified. We maintain that the efficient and targeted use of EC funds can be better determined by matching ESs demand and supply from a micro-perspective since this approach provides insight and a framework to identify priorities for action. This approach could be extended to the conservation of different types of ecosystems as well as the design of corresponding PES schemes.

Analysis on funding input and benefit output for tuberculosis control and prevention in China from 2011 to 2019

Analysis on funding input and benefit output for tuberculosis control and prevention in China from 2011 to 2019