Input Program Research Articles

An Innovative Logic Model Design to Produce High Performing Public Health Programs: Focus on Need-Based Functional Model for Effective Management of COVID-19

Logic models are valuable tools in the field of public health to picturize the relationships between program input, activities and desired outcomes. A logic model provides a clear and seamless method of designing, applying and analyzing public health programs. This article aims at understanding the different types of logic models and their use in different situations by taking into account the pros and cons of each type of model. A specific focus is placed on using Type III Logic model in preventing communicable diseases like Covid-19. This article tries to use this type of logic model in the planning phase to develop programs to address communicable diseases. Public health practitioners, managers and leaders could use this type of model in planning, implementing and evaluating their current and future health promotion and protection programs. Keywords: Logic model, Public Health Programs, COVID-19

Implementation of Youth Integrated Healthcare Center in the Prevention of Stunting Incidents in the Kekeran Village of Badung Regency, Indonesia

Objective: Youth posyandu is a youth empowerment activity that can reduce the prevalence of stunting through pre-marital care. At the time during the Covid 19 pandemic, youth posyandu was not carried out. The purpose of the research is to identify the input, process and output of the implementation of youth posyandu activities, and identify knowledge and nutritional status of the adolescent women. Methods: This research is a mixed method research. Six qualitative research informants, and 32 quantitative data respondents. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Research data analysis is descriptive analysis and distribution of frequency data knowledge and nutritional status of adolescent daughters. Results: The results show that the input from the implementation of the program is sufficient, seen from the presence of the programme implementation guidelines and the use of the funds that have been verified, the support of means, resources. The output indicates that the activities are going as planned, but the coverage of the participants is still 80%. The knowledge of youth posyanduis partially good and the nutritional status of the teenage daughter is mostly normal. Conclusion: The program input is sufficient, the process is running well, has managed. Should be corrected during the Covid 19 pandemic and the output of the program implementation is largely in line with the plan. Knowledge is partly good and nutritional status is mostly normal.

Hypra: A Deductive Program Verifier for Hyper Hoare Logic

Hyperproperties relate multiple executions of a program and are useful to express common correctness properties (such as determinism) and security properties (such as non-interference). While there are a number of powerful program logics for the deductive verification of hyperproperties, their automation falls behind. Most existing deductive verification tools are limited to safety properties, but cannot reason about the existence of executions, for instance, to prove the violation of a safety property. Others support more flexible hyperproperties such as generalized non-interference, but have limitations in terms of the programs and proof structures they support. In this paper, we present the first deductive verification technique for arbitrary hyperproperties over multiple executions of the same program. Our technique automates the generation of verification conditions for Hyper Hoare Logic. Our key insight is that arbitrary hyperproperties and the corresponding proof rules can be encoded into a standard intermediate verification language by representing sets of states of the input program explicitly in the states of the intermediate program. Verification is then automated using an existing SMT-based verifier for the intermediate language. We implement our technique in a tool called Hypra and demonstrate that it can reliably verify complex hyperproperties.

Monotone Procedure Summarization via Vector Addition Systems and Inductive Potentials

This paper presents a technique for summarizing recursive procedures operating on integer variables. The motivation of our work is to create more predictable program analyzers, and in particular to formally guarantee compositionality and monotonicity of procedure summarization. To summarize a procedure, we compute its best abstraction as a vector addition system with resets (VASR) and exactly summarize the executions of this VASR over the context-free language of syntactic paths through the procedure. We improve upon this technique by refining the language of syntactic paths using (automatically synthesized) linear potential functions that bound the number of recursive calls within valid executions of the input program. We implemented our summarization technique in an automated program verification tool; our experimental evaluation demonstrates that our technique computes more precise summaries than existing abstract interpreters and that our tool’s verification capabilities are comparable with state-of-the-art software model checkers.

Emotional Intelligence and Teacher Productivity and Performance in Public Elementary Schools: An Input for a School-Based Intervention Program

Emotional intelligence (EI) is crucial to every individual's well-being. It is a significant factor in establishing positive relationships, especially in the post-pandemic era. Teachers play vital roles in education as they are the front liners who directly interact with learners, parents, and stakeholders. Therefore, they should have a strong EI to employ constructive approaches in managing their school environment. Therefore, educational leaders and school administrators must recognize how personal challenges impact teachers' emotional intelligence, particularly during the pandemic, by establishing reliable support mechanisms that foster a positive learning atmosphere. These resources can help teachers manage personal issues and empower them to support their students effectively. The study analyzed the impact of Emotional Intelligence on teachers’ productivity and performance as input for a school-based intervention program. This descriptive research utilized a quantitative correlation approach. A simple random sampling technique was employed to determine the population sample size. The questionnaire was sent to 655 target respondents from two sub-offices of the Division of Laguna, Department of Education, Philippines, through two methods: via a Google link or using paper and pen, with the permission of their school heads. The questionnaire was sent to the target participants in two ways: through a Google link or through paper-and-pen with the permission of the participants’ school heads. The results revealed that the respondents demonstrated high emotional intelligence but average stress management. On the other hand, they were both at high levels in terms of productivity and performance. The relationship between emotional intelligence and teachers’ productivity exhibited moderate correlations, while there was a strong correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Performance. Finally, some demographic factors influenced the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and Teaching Performance. Most school interventions focus on skill development, curriculum development, teaching methodologies, or student support systems, and Emotional Intelligence is often neglected. Providing emotional support to teachers is important for recognizing how their emotional states impact their effectiveness and the learning environment. This support can help to continually enhance productivity and performance, leading to better learning outcomes.

SMUP: A technique to improve MC/DC using specified patterns

According to recent study, a number of poorly explored aspects, like program structure and not producing high-quality random inputs for testing, can have a significant impact on the overall efficacy of the testing process. Existing concolic testers found to be more cost-effective than random testers for code coverage. Modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) has gained its popularity as the strongest criterion for safety-critical systems proposed by RTCA/DO-178B(C), after multiple condition coverage (MCC). This paper proposes a new source code transformation technique that produces additional test cases to achieve higher MC/DC. The technical contribution of this work is threefold. First, it uses a pattern-based code transformation technique that produces effective MC/DC test cases. This pattern-based approach guides the concolic tester to generate test cases as per the MC/DC requirements. Second, the generated patterns are further simplified to minimize the execution time. Third, we have developed a tool named “Java MC/DC Analyzer” to measure MC/DC score for the input programs. The proposed approach is experimented on thirty Java programs and achieved an average increase of 32.86% MC/DC score which validates our work. Also, we have compared our approach with other code transformation techniques and reported a significant improvement.

57 Nature based social prescribing for enhancing mental health and well-being

Abstract Objectives Nature Based Social Prescribing (NBSP) is a means of connecting people with non-clinical, nature-based community-led interventions delivered by 3rd sector organisations using local community assets. This research used a mixed-method Social Return on Investment (SROI) of a six-month pilot ‘Making Well’ NBSP programme to support individuals with chronic mental health conditions in Wales. Methods The ‘Making Well’ programme costs were estimated by means of SROI along projected 20% overheads, were incorporated to reflect sustainable costs as the charity develops and more accurately estimate the future social value expected to be generated. The ‘Making Well’ project delivered two separate programmes between October 2021 and April 2022. Data was collected from participants (n = 12) at baseline and eight-week follow-up along with interviews to collect in-depth data on individuals lived experience of participating in the programme. The ‘Making Well’ programme costs were estimated and financial proxies from the HACT Social Value (SV) bank were applied to identified benefits. Results The estimated cost of ‘Making Well’ programme inputs were £1,312 per participant and the net value of well-being benefits were £4,313 to £6,130 per participant, giving a range of SVR’s between £3.30 to £4.70 for every £1 invested in this NBSP intervention. The SROI forecast provides a three-year projection of the annual social value created and the estimated forecast cost of programme inputs was £797 per participant. The net value of well-being benefits was £4,313 to £6,130 per participant, giving a range of social value ratios between £5.40 to £7.70 for every £1 invested. Conclusions The SROI results demonstrate that the ‘Making Well’ programme is an effective NBSP intervention for supporting people with enduring mild to moderate mental health conditions. This SROI contributes to emerging evidence on the use of community assets and NBSP in generating a return on investment and positive social value. SROI forecasting for socially prescribed interventions delivered by local community assets, such as The Fathom Trust, can help organisations demonstrate transparent and effective investment of public funds and support optimal future social value creation and long-term public health outcomes.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DIGITAL APPLICATION SYSTEMS FOR EMPLOYEE DATA MANAGEMENT IN XYZ STORE

As technology and information systems develop in the digital era, managing employee data has become very important for organizations and companies. An efficient and accurate employee data input process is the first step in managing human resources optimally. XYZ Shop is a shop located in the Banten area, which sells retail goods to end consumers, usually on a small scale and at home. The shop provides a variety of products, ranging from clothing, food, electronic goods, to household equipment. However, the XYZ store still faces challenges in managing employee data, such as limited time and human energy in carrying out this process because it is still manual. To overcome this problem, an employee data input program was designed to be an effective solution. With this program, the employee data management process can become more efficient, accurate and organized. The author used three techniques for data collection activities, namely observation, interviews and literature study. Development of an application program system for managing employee data at XYZ store using the PHP programming language and MySql database. The application system built is web-based, so it can be accessed easily anywhere and anytime. This provides immediate benefits in day-to-day operational efficiency, allowing human resources to focus on more strategic tasks. With the ability to manage employee data efficiently, stores can easily adapt to company growth, including branch expansion and increased employment

Evaluation of the Implementation of the Tahfiz Al-Quran 30 Juz Program (Context, Inputs, Processes, and Products) at the Islamic Centre North Sumatra

The Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) evaluation model is important because it provides a comprehensive framework for thoroughly assessing the context, inputs, processes, and products of a program. This descriptive qualitative research aims to evaluate the implementation of the tahfiz 30 juz Al-Quran program at the North Sumatra Islamic Center using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. Data collection was obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data sources were obtained from tahfiz teachers, students, ma'had mudir, alumni, and the surrounding community and analyzed using the Miles-Huberman technique. The results of the study show that from the CIPP evaluation of the implementation of the tahfiz Al-Qur'an program at the Islamic Center of North Sumatra are: 1) Context, this program is supported by the government, schools, and the community, and is a need and part of the school's vision, mission, and goals, 2) Input, This program has competent teachers with the right teacher-student ratio (1:15) and good implementation procedures, including exam schedules, syllabus, and appropriate lesson plans, 3) The tahfiz learning process is according to plan, teachers master the material, varied methods and deposit assessment is carried out without mushaf, and 4) The product, the competence of tahfiz students is good, with the ability to read the Qur'an fluently and understand tajwid, and have noble morals that are reflected in daily behavior. It is clear that the tahfiz Al-Quran program at the North Sumatra Islamic Center runs well and effectively, is supported by various parties, has proper implementation procedures, and produces students who are competent in tahfiz and have noble character.

«ЗЕЛЕНИЙ» ОБЛІК В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЗА ЇЇ МЕЖАМИ: НАБУТТЯ ДОСВІДУ

The existent approaches to a «green» account need to examine not only, from the necessity of maintenance of natural resources and guard of environment, but also as a process that integrates life with social aspects, by financial operations and influences on all spheres of economic activity and its safety. Therefore, using experience of foreign countries, it need green account to implement to the different spheres of national economy, applying the wide set of tools of analysis, evaluation, audit, monitoring and digitalization. The purpose of the research is expansion of limits of perception of «green» account in a theory and practice of instrument of management modern socio-economic development as on the level development level of separate business of region and national economy. The object of the research is a process of expansion the traditional account and including for its of instruments of ecology and social responsibility of business. The method of the research became modern methods and principles of scientific cognition, methods and methodologies of realization of audit, instruments of financial and economic analysis, principles of social responsibility of business that will allow to enter the existent approaches a «green account» in a modern theory and practice of traditional account that influences on steady and stability of national economy. The hypothesis of the research became a supposition about possibility of introduction of foreign mechanisms and instruments of «green» account in a theory in practice of traditional account. The statement of basic materials. It is well-proven that the task of «green» account there is harmonization the protection of environment with socio-economic and technological activity with helps by means of account instruments. It is confirmed, that a «green» account becomes the constituent of conception of steady development today, what proclaimed UN, and its main tendencies spread the input of the ecological development systems on all levels of management, using renewable energy, diminishing contamination of air, water, abbreviating the volumes of placing of wastes and so on. It is offered to the existent types of public account to add an ecological audit, which is sent to the search verification of observance of real ecological internals, standards and requirements that is pulled out by society. It is marked that «green» account allows obtaining information about charges and receipts of ecological benefits, which helps administrative composition to control, make decision, report and protect an environment. It is showed the list of benefits reasonable that it is possible to get if input of foreign experience of the using «green» account in the traditional system of account in Ukraine. The originality and practical significance of the research are confirmed by the ground of necessity of the using all elements, instruments and constituents of «green» account at a traditional account. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. It is well-proven that it is necessary to change approaches to «green» account, especially in a post-war period, because «green» account includes the economic, social and evaluation ecological aspects of enterprises activity that should be concerted with the landscape of country and its territories. A «green» account now become control system by all ecological charges that take into attention different general interests for strengthening of ecological state and socio-economic safety of environment. And this situation are allowing the determination of standards, rules and criteria, which should be reasonable and codification on the basis of certain practical experience, with bringing competent domestic and international organizations to forming of the special standards of «green» account for inhibition and normalization of ecological and socio-economic situation in a country and its territories. Further researches will be sent to the input of the special educational programs on the first, second and third educational levels and on the courses of in-plant training all professional directions that are the experience of successful global development of world community.

A digital CAD/CAM configurator for the production of orthodontic appliances – Going new ways

Functional therapy in growing patients is a highly relevant area in orthodontics. With the increasing integration of computer-aided design and manufacturing technology (CAD/CAM) in orthodontics, we are witnessing significant advancements in the design of orthodontic appliances. Modern 3D printing technologies allow for the creation of complex, customized equipment in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner, using robust and durable resins. Additionally, the creative input of dental CAD design programs has led to the development of new designs.The aim of this report is to present a novel digital orthodontic prescription that aligns with the concept of a “full digital workflow”. This prescription utilizes a digital virtual configurator, enabling effective communication between the clinician, the technician and the patient.Using this prescription system, clinicians can easily configurate an orthodontic appliance before sending it to a dental technician for individualisation. 3D printing of the final design can then be performed directly within the dental office or by the technician. This approach allows the clinician to explore different orthodontic equipment options and modules, without the requirement for a demanding and sophisticated design process and without any knowledge of CAD. The availability of the present configurator might represent a fundamental advancement in the field of the CAD/CAM production of removable appliance linked to economic and ecological benefits.

Testing Error Handling Code With Software Fault Injection and Error-Coverage-Guided Fuzzing

Real-world programs require error handling code to handle various kinds of possible errors. However, these errors just infrequently occur due to special conditions, so error handling code is difficult to test. Coverage-guided fuzzing and software fault injection (SFI) are two common techniques that can test error handling code, but they still have major limitations. Specifically, existing fuzzing approaches generate program inputs guided by code coverage, but many occasional errors (such as insufficient memory) are unrelated to inputs, and code coverage cannot effectively reflect the execution contexts of these errors; existing SFI approaches often inject single or random faults, without exploring fault space or using program feedback. In this paper, we propose a new fuzzing framework named EH-Fuzz, to effectively test error handling code. EH-Fuzz uses a context-sensitive SFI-based fuzzing approach to explore fault space and perform fault injection, guided by a new metric named <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">error coverage</i> . We evaluate EH-Fuzz on 9 user-level programs and 6 kernel-level modules, and find 45 new real bugs, 31 of which have been confirmed and fixed. We compare EH-Fuzz to existing fuzzing approaches (including AFL, AFL++, Syzkaller, FIZZER and FIFUZZ), and EH-Fuzz finds many real bugs missed by these approaches with higher testing coverage.

Decomposition-based Synthesis for Applying Divide-and-Conquer-like Algorithmic Paradigms

Algorithmic paradigms such as divide-and-conquer (D&amp;C) are proposed to guide developers in designing efficient algorithms, but it can still be difficult to apply algorithmic paradigms to practical tasks. To ease the usage of paradigms, many research efforts have been devoted to the automatic application of algorithmic paradigms. However, most existing approaches to this problem rely on syntax-based program transformations and thus put significant restrictions on the original program. In this article, we study the automatic application of D&amp;C and several similar paradigms, denoted as D&amp;C-like algorithmic paradigms, and aim to remove the restrictions from syntax-based transformations. To achieve this goal, we propose an efficient synthesizer, named AutoLifter , which does not depend on syntax-based transformations. Specifically, the main challenge of applying algorithmic paradigms is from the large scale of the synthesized programs, and AutoLifter addresses this challenge by applying two novel decomposition methods that do not depend on the syntax of the input program, component elimination and variable elimination , to soundly divide the whole problem into simpler subtasks, each synthesizing a sub-program of the final program and being tractable with existing synthesizers. We evaluate AutoLifter on 96 programming tasks related to six different algorithmic paradigms. AutoLifter solves 82/96 tasks with an average time cost of 20.17 s, significantly outperforming existing approaches.

Evaluation of the Free Halal Certification Program (SEHATI) for Processed Livestock Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Blitar Regency

The free halal certification program (SEHATI) aims to support the Indonesian government’s goal of having one million halal-certified food and beverage products by 2024 by accelerating the rate of halal certification through the SEHATI program. Blitar Regency has 33,932 micro and small enterprises (MSEs), but only 389 have halal certification, including egg and milk processing products. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the SEHATI program’s implementation for livestock processing MSEs in Blitar Regency. The study uses mixed methods. Data were collected through questionnaires to 12 respondents, including stakeholders and livestock processing business actors. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis and logic model evaluation analysis. The effectiveness of the SEHATI program’s implementation was the data collected in the research. The results show that the SEHATI program in Blitar Regency, through socialization and assistance to livestock processing business actors, is effective. The logic model evaluation on all indicators shows that the business actors are well-informed, understand well, and strongly agree with the input, activities, output, and outcome of the SEHATI program. The conclusion of the research is that the SEHATI program in Blitar Regency significantly benefits in raising awareness, understanding, compliance, and the number of halal products from egg and milk processing business actors. This indicates the effectiveness of this program in helping livestock processing business actors obtain halal certification.

Homeostasis: Design and Implementation of a Self-Stabilizing Compiler

Mainstream compilers perform a multitude of analyses and optimizations on the given input program. Each analysis (such as points-to analysis) may generate a program-abstraction (such as points-to graph). Each optimization is typically composed of multiple alternating phases of inspection of such program-abstractions and transformations of the program. Upon transformation of a program, the program-abstractions generated by various analyses may become inconsistent with the modified program. Consequently, the correctness of the downstream inspection (and consequent transformation) phases cannot be ensured until the relevant program-abstractions are stabilized ; that is, the program-abstractions are either invalidated or made consistent with the modified program. In general, the existing compiler frameworks do not perform automated stabilization of the program-abstractions and instead leave it to the compiler pass writers to deal with the complex task of identifying the relevant program-abstractions to be stabilized, the points where the stabilization is to be performed, and the exact procedure of stabilization. In this article, we address these challenges by providing the design and implementation of a novel compiler-design framework called Homeostasis . Homeostasis automatically captures all the program changes performed by each transformation phase, and later, triggers the required stabilization using the captured information, if needed. We also provide a formal description of Homeostasis and a correctness proof thereof. To assess the feasibility of using Homeostasis in compilers of parallel programs, we have implemented our proposed idea in IMOP, a compiler framework for OpenMP C programs. Furthermore, to illustrate the benefits of using Homeostasis , we have implemented a set of standard data-flow passes, and a set of involved optimizations that are used to remove redundant barriers in OpenMP C programs. Implementations of none of these optimizations in IMOP required any additional lines of code for stabilization of the program-abstractions. We present an evaluation in the context of these optimizations and analyses, which demonstrates that Homeostasis is efficient and easy to use.

Pelatihan Pembuatan dan Pengawasan Evaluasi Kinerja Administrasi Produksi Pada UKM Mamin Pakis Malang

The effectiveness and efficiency of the production administration at MSMEs MAMIN Pakis process needs to be supported by competent human resources. The reason for the dedication is because the production administration system is not yet perfect. The aim is to provide practical knowledge of strategy and application of performance evaluation in a continuous improvement manner. Targets of a continuous structured work evaluation system and employee motivation in improving performance. The training process carried out, namely manual data collection, structured recording of integrated production application program input for each department, provides important insight and becomes the basis for progress so that the discipline of manual data input and programs becomes an error controller. Activities processed from analysis of errors in inputting service release materials increase success and insight into production administration performance in a sustaainable manner.

Моделирование системы управления отоплением дома с применением нейросетевых технологий

The aim of the work is to develop methods to improve the characteristics of existing heating systems through the use of a new control algorithm based on the parallel principle of operation and using neural network technologies. The proposed control method provides for the analysis by a special computer program of feature matrices consisting of both control actions and resulting maps. The computer, which knows in advance that different images correspond to different modes, selects the appropriate mode based on the image received at the program input. This mode can be selected in such a way that there will be minimal energy consumption while providing the conditions that the user needs. An application has been developed that uses a neural network algorithm, with the ability to change settings. Sets of images have been prepared indicating class membership by characteristic features (datasets), on which the neural network was trained and tested. More than 600 experiments with a different number of learning epochs have been performed. The influence of the number of epochs on the average percentage of image recognition of building temperature regimes has been studied. To demonstrate the possibility of implementing the proposed algorithm, a control system architecture and a distributed application consisting of a main control program with a human-machine interface and a remote web application with a human-machine interface and a microservice with an access point were developed. A mock-up of the building was made with a connected room temperature control system. The experiments carried out have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control method. This technology provides for the possibility of switching from managing a single building to managing an array of buildings without changing the management settings of individual buildings. Using this method will increase the convenience of management, the comfort of people's living conditions and reduce energy consumption for heating.

PEMETAAN KERAWANAN BANJIR DI KOTA SURAKARTA

&lt;p class="Keywords"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;Floods have become one of the problems occurring in the city of Surakarta. The floods are caused by the overflow of the tributaries of the Bengawan Solo River, located within the Surakarta City area. One of the strategies for flood disaster management is through flood zone mapping. In flood vulnerability mapping, hydrological analysis is conducted to determine the magnitude of the flood discharge for different return periods (Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, Q&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;, Q&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;, Q&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt;, and Q&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) using the HSS SCS method, which will serve as input for the HEC-RAS program to simulate floods, used as determining variables in flood vulnerability mapping. The results of the flood simulation analysis indicate that the level of vulnerability in non-vulnerable areas has a flood area limit ranging from 1.05 ha to 8.93 ha, a maximum flood depth limit ranging from 0.24 m to 0.57 m, and a maximum flood velocity limit ranging from 0.06 m/sec to 0.21 m/sec. For areas with low vulnerability, the flood area limit ranges from 8.93 ha to 16.80 ha, the maximum flood depth limit ranges from 0.57 m to 0.90 m, and the maximum flood velocity limit ranges from 0.21 m/sec to 0.35 m/sec. For areas with moderate vulnerability, the flood area limit ranges from 16.80 ha to 24.68 ha, the maximum flood depth limit ranges from 0.90 m to 1.23 m, and the maximum flood velocity limit ranges from 0.35 m/sec to 0.50 m/sec. For areas with high vulnerability, the flood area limit ranges from 24.68 ha to 32.55 ha, the maximum flood depth limit ranges from 1.23 m to 1.55 m, and the maximum flood velocity limit ranges from 0.50 m/sec to 0.64 m/sec.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Kinetic equilibrium reconstruction with internal safety factor profile constraints on EAST tokamak

Reconstruction of plasma equilibrium plays an important role in the analysis and simulation of plasma experiments. The kinetic equilibrium reconstruction with pressure and edge current constraints has been employed on EAST tokamak. However, the internal safety factor (q) profile is not accurate. This paper proposes a new way of incorporating q profile constraints into kinetic equilibrium reconstruction. The q profile is yielded from the Polarimeter Interferometer (POINT) reconstruction. Virtual probes containing information on q profile constraints are added to inputs of the kinetic equilibrium reconstruction program to obtain the final equilibrium. The new equilibrium produces a more accurate internal q profile. This improved method would help analyze EAST experiments.

An Information-Flow Perspective on Algorithmic Fairness

This work presents insights gained by investigating the relationship between algorithmic fairness and the concept of secure information flow. The problem of enforcing secure information flow is well-studied in the context of information security: If secret information may "flow" through an algorithm or program in such a way that it can influence the program’s output, then that is considered insecure information flow as attackers could potentially observe (parts of) the secret. There is a strong correspondence between secure information flow and algorithmic fairness: if protected attributes such as race, gender, or age are treated as secret program inputs, then secure information flow means that these "secret" attributes cannot influence the result of a program. While most research in algorithmic fairness evaluation concentrates on studying the impact of algorithms (often treating the algorithm as a black-box), the concepts derived from information flow can be used both for the analysis of disparate treatment as well as disparate impact w.r.t. a structural causal model. In this paper, we examine the relationship between quantitative as well as qualitative information-flow properties and fairness. Moreover, based on this duality, we derive a new quantitative notion of fairness called fairness spread, which can be easily analyzed using quantitative information flow and which strongly relates to counterfactual fairness. We demonstrate that off-the-shelf tools for information-flow properties can be used in order to formally analyze a program's algorithmic fairness properties, including the new notion of fairness spread as well as established notions such as demographic parity.