Excretion Of Inorganic Phosphorus Research Articles

Effects of zebra mussels on cladoceran communities under eutrophic conditions

The purpose of this study was to determine how zebra mussels affected cladoceran community structure under eutrophic conditions. We conducted a mesocosm study where we manipulated the presence of zebra mussels and the presence of large-bodied Daphnia (Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulicaria). We also conducted a complimentary life-table experiment to determine how water from the zebra mussel treatment affected the life history characteristics of the cladoceran species. We anticipated that small- and large-bodied cladoceran species would respond differently to changes in algal quality and quantity under the effects of zebra mussels. Large-bodied Daphnia successfully established in the zebra mussel treatment but failed to grow in the control. We did not observe positive relationships between food concentrations and cladoceran abundances. However, the phosphorus content in the seston indicated that food quality was below the threshold level for large-bodied cladocerans at the beginning of the experiment. We believe that zebra mussels quickly enhanced the phosphorus content in the seston due to the excretion of inorganic phosphorus, thus facilitating the development of large-bodied Daphnia. In conclusion, our results suggest that zebra mussels can alter the phosphorus content of seston in lakes and this can affect the dynamics of crustacean zooplankton.

Excretion of organic matter and nutrients from invasive quagga mussels and potential impact on carbon dynamics in Lake Michigan

Abstract The Laurentian Great Lakes have been infested with invasive quagga mussels resulting in unprecedented changes in foodweb structure and ecological function, especially over the past decade. Nevertheless, impacts of quagga mussels on the dynamics of carbon and nutrients in the Great Lakes remain poorly quantified. Here, we report yields, composition and size-spectra of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrients excreted from quagga mussels and their potential impact on carbon dynamics in Lake Michigan. Clearance rates of different sized microparticles indicate that quagga mussel ctenidial fibers can efficiently retain particles as small as 0.5-μm. Smaller-sized mussels have higher DOM excretion rates (0.076 ± 0.004 μmol-C/mg-DW/d) compared to larger mussels (0.012 ± 0.0002 μmol-C/mg-DW/d). Nitrogen excretion rate was up to 0.24 ± 0.01 μmol-N/mg-DW/d, 3 times higher than dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while inorganic phosphorus excretion was only 0.0076 ± 0.0030 μmol-P/mg-DW/d. Excreted DOM was mostly chromophoric and high-molecular-weight in nature with a colloidal size spectrum centered at 1–5 kDa, had a low C/N but higher N/P ratio, and was comprised of up to 78% carbohydrates with high propotion of structural polysaccharides. Fluorescence EEMs and PARAFAC analysis identified two major fluorescent DOM components: a tryptophan-like and a UVC humic-like, suggesting that excreted DOM could be potentially labile. Compared with field measurements, only ~ 12% of organic matter consumed by quagga mussels is excreted/egested, and the vast majority is likely respired as CO 2 , potentially contributing to an increase in CO 2 concentration in the water column and changes in carbon dynamics in Lake Michigan after the colonization of invasive quagga mussel.

INFLUENCE OF EMPAGLIFLOZIN ON THE KIDNEYS IN NORMOGLYCEMIC RATS WITH HEART FAILURE

THE AIM.To evaluate the effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT-2 inhibitor - empagliflozin on the kidney in nondiabetic Wistar rats with experimental heart failure (HF).MATERIAL AND METHODS. Cronic heart failure (CHF) was induced by ligation the left coronary artery. Animals with CHF in the first group (n=11) received empagliflozin (Jardiance®, Boehringer Ingelheim) orally (1 mg / kg/day) for 1 month. In the second group of rats with CHF (n = 10) the drug is not administered. Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, concentrations and daily urinary excretion of glucose, albumin, creatinine, urea and essential ions were measured. The relative level of microRNA-21 urinary expression was established.RESULTS.Empagliflozin administration led to an increase in glycosuria, albuminuria, and the expression of microRNA-21 in urine. However in this conditions inorganic phosphorus excretion decreased. Empagliflozin did not influence on blood pressure, heart rate or levels of investigated substances excretion including sodium.CONCLUSION. The findings suggest that the SGLT-2 inhibitors may have some negative direct effects on the kidneys. However, in diabetes, such effects of these drugs can be masked by powerful nephroprotective actions associated with the ability of SGLT-2 inhibitors to counteract hyperglycemia and glomerular hyperfiltration.

Calcium and Inorganic Phosphorus Metabolism in Naked Mole Rats Heterocephalus glaber Is Only Indirectly Affected by Cholecalciferol

Naked mole rats seem to be naturally deficient in cholecalciferol yet exhibit net calcium and inorganic phosphorus absorption efficiencies that approach a physiological maximum (i.e., exceed 94%). Oral supplementation with cholecalciferol therefore does not markedly enhance the efficiency of gastrointestinal absorption of these minerals, but rather exerts indirect effects on mineral metabolism by increasing food intake (1.7x) from 3.6 +/- 0.4 to 6.2 +/- 0.3 g/100 g body wt day-1. This, in turn, results in a concomitant increase in the daily rate of calcium absorption from 2.9 +/- 0.3 to 4.4 +/- 0.4 (mmol/100 g body wt day-1) and inorganic phosphorus absorption from 4.5 +/- 0.4 to 7.9 +/- 0.4 (mmol/100 g body wt day-1) with cholecalciferol supplementation. Excretion of calcium decreases from 2.9 +/- 0.5 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 mumol/100 g body wt day-1 with cholecalciferol supplementation whereas inorganic phosphorus excretion is unchanged (4.3 +/- 0.9 to 4.3 +/- 1.2 mumol/100 g body wt day-1), to give a positive mineral balance, without any evident pathology. Indeed serum calcium (2.3 +/- 0.1 vs 2.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter) and inorganic phosphorus (1.5 +/- 0.3 vs 1.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter) concentrations remain tightly regulated irrespective of vitamin D3 status. Mineral balance in naked mole rats is concluded not to be directly influenced by cholecalciferol, rather it may be affected by pleiotropic actions of cholecalciferol on gut function.

Ammonia nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus excretion by the planktonic rotifers

Ammonia nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus excretion by the planktonic rotifers

Interactions between Vitamin D Deficiency and Phosphorus Depletion in the Rat

To evaluate the role of vitamin D in the physiologic response to phosphorus depletion (P depleton) and the response to vitamin D administration in P depletion, we studied vitamin D-deficient (-D) rats, fed either a normal or low phosphorus diet and then injected intraperitoneally on alternate days with replacement vitamin D(3), 1.25 mug qod (D(3)); 1.25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3)[1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] in physiologic, 54 ng qod (LD), and pharmacologic doses, 400 ng qod (HD); or vehicle alone (-D). The following results were obtained: (a) With P depletion, urinary excretion of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) fell to almost undetectable levels in -D rats, and two physiologic features of P depletion a calcemic effect and hypercalciuria, ensued. (b) With administration of vitamin D(3) or 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in either doses to P-depleted rats, the renal retention of Pi was unaltered despite a significant elevation of serum Pi. (c) The calcemic response to P depletion was accentuated by vitamin D sterols, and the hypercalciuria of P depletion was reduced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), HD > LD > D(3). (d) In -D animals receiving normal Pi (+P), D(3), and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), both LD and HD produced a significant calcemic and phosphatemic effect. (e) Urinary Pi excretion in +P animals was reduced slightly by vitamin D(3) whereas 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), both LD and HD, lowered urinary Pi markedly despite an increased serum Pi. (f) The serial values of serum Ca and Pi and urinary Ca in PD rats and the sequential values for urinary and serum Pi in +P rats indicated more rapid effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), both HD and LD, compared with D(3). We conclude that: (a) The renal adaptation and physiologic response to PD does not require the presence of vitamin D. (b) 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may directly enhance the renal tubular reabsorption of Pi even as serum Pi rises. (c) A hypocalciuric action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in rats on low phosphorus diet could be direct or occur as a consequence of an increase in serum Pi produced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The different sequential renal response to D(3) compared with 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) raises the possibility that other natural forms of vitamin D(3) [i.e., 25(OH)D(3), 24,25(OH)(2)D(3), etc.] which may be present in vitamin D-fed rats but not those given only 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), could modify the actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).

Origins of the uricosuric response.

The acute effects of intravenous (i.v.) probenecid and chlorothiazide on renal urate handling were investigated in paired studies in normal men. Uricosuric responses to these agents were compared in the same subjects, both without and with pyrazinamide (PZA) pretreatment. Assuming that PZA selectively inhibits the tubular secretion of urate and that uricosuric agents act by increasing the excretion of filtered urate, then the uricosuric responses (the increment in urate excretion or clearance) should have been unaffected by PZA. Defined in this manner, however, uricosuric responses to probenecid and chlorothiazide were significantly decreased after PZA pretreatment. In order to determine whether PZA diminished other renal actions of chlorothiazide, changes in sodium and inorganic phosphorus excretion were examined. Chlorothiazide produced equivalent natriuretic and phosphaturic responses after PZA pretreatment, indicating that PZA does not interfere with at least some of the renal actions of chlorothiazide. In separate studies, PZA depressed urate excretion by at least 68% during the maintenance of chlorothiazide-induced natriuresis and phosphaturia, suggesting that chlorothiazide does not diminish the anti-secretory action of PZA. The results suggest that probenecid and chlorothiazide may derive their uricosuric properties by facilitating the excretion of both filtered and secreted urate. Possibly, increased excretion of secreted urate might occur through modulation of urate reabsorption at a site distal to tubular secretion, rather than by the direct acceleration of secretory transport. However, PZA-induced interference with the actions of probenecid and chlorothiazide on renal urate transport mechanisms cannot be excluded as a possible explanation for the present results.

Effect of porcine, salmon and human calcitonin on urinary excretion of some electrolytes in sheep.

SUMMARY Purified porcine and salmon calcitonin and synthetic salmon and human calcitonin were infused at the rate of 20 MRC mu./kg/h over a 96 h period in intact male lambs. Every calcitonin preparation significantly increased the urinary excretion of inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium and calcium, while the urinary excretion of magnesium was always significantly inhibited. Similar significant effects were observed with purified porcine calcitonin in thyroparathyroidectomized lambs supplemented with thyroxine. Oxidation of calcitonin with performic acid completely abolished its effects on plasma calcium and on the kidney. It is concluded that, when used at physiological doses, in sheep calcitonin has an important effect on urinary excretion of inorganic phosphorus, sodium and magnesium.

THE EFFECT OF GLUCAGON ON BLOOD SUGAR AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS LEVELS IN NORMATHERMIC AND HYPOTHERMIC RATS.

Injection of glucagon into normothermic rats led to hyperglycaemia, and a significant fall in blood inorganic phosphorus levels. In hypothermic rats (25 °C) the injection of glucagon did not produce hyperglycaemia but the reduction in blood inorganic phosphorus levels was still obtained. Following the administration of glucagon, an increase in the excretion of inorganic phosphorus in the urine was observed in both normothermic and hypothermic rats. The fall in blood inorganic phosphorus level was considered to be due, in part at least, to the effect of glucagon in increasing the excretion of phosphorus in the urine.

Ammonia and inorganic phosphorus excretion of some marine zooplankton : Beers, John R., 1962. (Abstract). Ass. Isl. Mar. Labs., 4th Meet., Curaçao, 18–21 November 1962: 1

Ammonia and inorganic phosphorus excretion of some marine zooplankton : Beers, John R., 1962. (Abstract). Ass. Isl. Mar. Labs., 4th Meet., Curaçao, 18–21 November 1962: 1

Mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin: Comparison of clinical syndromes, effects on color perception and biochemical measures

Summary Mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and psilocybin were studied in 20 screened subjects, 18 receiving all three drugs. Drugs were administered under similar test conditions, doses were constant between drugs and subjects, assignments to drug followed a latin-square sequence, and subjects were unaware of the drug given on each trial. Clinical syndromes were assessed by a questionnaire completed by the subjects following each drug trial. Color perception was studied by means of both adequate and inadequate stimuli for eliciting color phenomena, measurements being taken before and two hours after drug was administered. A number of selected biochemical and physiologic measurements were also made at similar times. Clinical syndromes were comparable in kind and degree from all three drugs, that from mescaline being most pronounced. Somatic manifestations predominated, psychotomimetic symptoms (other than visual hallucinations) being relatively uncommon. Color perception was not much altered when adequate stimuli were used, but color phenomena were appreciably enhanced from inadequate stimuli. Minor differences in color perceptual effects were noted between the three drugs, but similarities were greater. Each of the three drugs significantly decreased urinary excretion of inorganic phosphorus, increased plasma free fatty acids and decreased total circulating eosinophils. Of the other biochemical measurements made, only one other significant change was noted; an increase in copper oxidase activity after psilocybin. The three psychotomimetic drugs were quite comparable in the areas studied. One might assume that they have many common mechanisms of action despite their chemical differences.

The excretion of inorganic phosphorus in children after the administration of glucose.

Acta Medica ScandinavicaVolume 141, Issue 1 p. 1-5 The Excretion of Inorganic Phosphorus in Children after the Administration of Glucose A. C. M. LIPS M.D., A. C. M. LIPS M.D. Nijmegen. The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author A. C. M. LIPS M.D., A. C. M. LIPS M.D. Nijmegen. The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author First published: January/December 1951 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1951.tb14188.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume141, Issue1January/December 1951Pages 1-5 RelatedInformation

GLYCINE AND HISTIDINE FEEDING AND CREATINE, CREATININE, AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION IN MAN

GLYCINE AND HISTIDINE FEEDING AND CREATINE, CREATININE, AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION IN MAN

In vitro Studies on the Role of Vitamin D in the Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Eat Bones

Summary.The object of the work has been to investigate, by means of experiments in vitro, the effect of vitamin D on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in rat.The normal bone has the ability to take up calcium from the incubation solution under certain conditions and, on the other hand, to give up calcium into the calcium‐free incubation solution.The bone was not able to take up inorganic phosphorus in the incubation experiments. On the other hand the excretion of inorganic phosphorus into the solution could always be demonstrated—both in incubation solutions with and without phosphorus.The bones of rats which had received large amounts of vitamin D seemed to be able to take up relatively more calcium than the bones of normal rats. On the other hand it is possible that the bone is then to some extent more than normally able to take up calcium and phosphorus.With regard to the deficiency of vitamin D, a tendency towards a decreasing uptake of calcium and increased loss of calcium was noted.The experiments support the view that vitamin D has a direct influence upon the mineral metabolism of the bone.

THE EFFECT OF SEX HORMONES ON THE RENAL EXCRETION OF ELECTROLYTES

In normal male dogs subcutaneous injections of progesterone, estrone, alpha-estradiol or testosterone propionate were followed by a decreased renal excretion of sodium and chloride. The compounds differed markedly in their potency and in the duration of the effect following a single subcutaneous injection. The injection of estrone, alpha-estradiol or testosterone propionate was followed by a decreased renal excretion of inorganic phosphorus and total nitrogen. On the day of injection a slight increase in the renal excretion of potassium frequently followed administration of progesterone, estrone, alpha-estradiol or testosterone propionate. Experiments on suprarenalectomized dogs indicated that the effect of the sex hormones on the renal excretion of electrolytes was not necessarily mediated through the suprarenal gland. With the possible exception of progesterone none of the compounds studied was effective in prolonging the life of suprarenalectomized male dogs.