Use Of Inorganic Fertilizers Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Taro Compost Fertilizer on Soil pH, Growth and Yield of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa L.) in Tasikmalaya

Lack of awereness about the use of agriculture waste in increasing soil fertility leading to high use of inorganic fertilizer. Continuous use of inorganic fertilizer can reduce soil fertility in the future. This research aims to determine the impact of providing taro compost fertilizer on soil pH, growth and yield of pak choy In Tasikmalaya. This research was carried out in experimental field of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya from October until November 2023. Experimental design used a randomized block design of one factor with six treatments and three replications. The treatments consist of without taro compost fertilizer, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 g/polybag taro compost fertilizer. Reseach results show taro compost fertilizer can increase plant height, fresh weight of the plant, plant root length, fresh weight of roots and plant canopy weight. The best treatment was 300 g/polybag with plant height 16,8 cm, fresh weight of plant 55,63 g, plant root length 15,83 cm, fresh weight of roots 8,63 g, and plant canopy weight 47 g compared to control treatment without taro compost fertilizer. However, addition various doses taro compost fertilizer hasn’t effect for soil pH. The conclution of this research is that giving various doses of compost fertilizer can increase the growth and yield of pak choy in Tasikmalaya.

Effect of Cyanobacteria-Enriched Compost on Maize (Zea mays. L) Growth and Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Inceptisols

Increased production of food crops has various obstacles, including soil fertility, which is also caused by the price of inorganic fertilizers, which is burdensome for farmers. Organic and biofertilizers can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and the level of degradation of soil fertility. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of Indonesia Soil Research Institute in Bogor from October 2021 to March 2022. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design consisting of 12 treatments with three replications, consisting of level doses of NPK combined with compost, cyanobacteria, and (Cyanobacteria-enriched compost). (NPK75%+compost) treatment gave the highest corn cobs and grain yield by 209.86 g plant-1 (8.55%) and 163.49 g plant-1 (6.42%), respectively compared to NPK100%. The treatment of (NPK75%+compost) gave a similar grain yield with 100% NPK and can scale down NPK used by 25%. (NPK50%+cyanobacteria-enriched compost) treatment increased N uptake by 48.81% compared to NPK100%. The treatment of (NPK50%+cyanobacteria-enriched compost) increased P uptake by 0.8 mg plant-1 or 17.0% compared to NPK50%+compost. At NPK50%+cyanobacteria, K uptake increased by about 31.46% compared to NPK50%.

Combining Vermicompost with Inorganic Fertilizers Improved Rice Yield and Affected Potassium Pools under Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Inceptisols

Integrated use of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure restores soil quality and increases crop productivity. Potassium (K) pools are also affected in soil due to the rate and sources of nutrients applied. However, the integration of vermicompost and mineral fertilizers effects strongly depends on soil type, and still, no precise information is available for Inceptisols in Eastern India. Keeping this fact in view, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Bihar Agriculture University, Sabour, Bihar to understand the effect of soil test crop response (STCR) based balanced fertilization with or without organic manure on soil K pools and rice performance under rice-wheat and rice-maize cropping systems. This experiment included nine treatments viz., general fertilizer recommendation, farmers’ fertilizer practice, STCR with and without Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS)/vermicompost for low (3 t ha−1), medium (4 t ha−1), and high target yield (5 t ha−1) and absolute control (without fertilizer application) which were replicated thrice in a randomized block design (RBD). The highest rice yield was obtained under STCR with IPNS for high target yield (2% more) than the corresponding treatment without IPNS followed by STCR with IPNS for medium target yield however treatments were statistically at par with one another. Benefit cost ratio was significantly highest under STCR with IPNS for medium target yield overall the treatments for both cropping systems. Different forms of K (water-soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K, and mineral K) declined under farmers’ practice and absolute control whereas these forms were greater under STCR with IPNS-based treatments than the STCR without IPNS-based treatments in the corresponding target yields. The correlation study suggested that exchangeable K was the most important form, positively and highly significantly related to soil available K (R 2 = 98). Overall, this study recommended that the integrated use of vermicompost and mineral fertilizers (STCR with IPNS) for medium target yield (4 t ha−1) was more responsive toward rice yield as well as K availability for soil sustainability from Inceptisols in eastern India.

Sosialisasi Dan Aplikasi Elisitor Biosaka Pada Budidaya Tanaman Padi (Oryza Sativa) Di Desa Pudak, Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Provinsi Jambi

Efforts to increase rice (Oryza sativa) production by farming communities in Pudak Village, Kumpeh Ulu District, Muaro Jambi Regency still partly depend on the use of inorganic fertilizers. An alternative to increasing production that is safe and environmentally friendly is the use of biosaccharide elicitors made from organic materials. This needs to be socialized to farmers regarding the use of biosaka made from weeds, some of which are still unknown to farmers in Pudak Village. This activity began with a discussion meeting with the head of the farmer group, the Plant Pest Organism Control Officer (POPT) to look at problems in the farmers' rice fields and continued with land observations. Then socialization was carried out to the community and continued with the practice of making biosaka and implementation in rice fields in Pudak Village. The results of this activity show that farmers are very enthusiastic about all activities from manufacture to application on the land. There were 45 participants who attended and were active until the end of the activity. The follow-up activities showed farmers practicing how to make it in their respective groups. The results of monitoring and evaluation have proven that the biosaka elicitor has been successfully produced by farmers independently as much as 30 L. The application results show a positive and better plant response compared to plots where biosaka was not applied.

Soil Fertility Status as Influenced by Slope Gradient and Land Use Types in Southern Ethiopia

Understanding the effects of land use types and slope gradients on the physicochemical properties of soil is essential for sustainable soil management. Therefore, this study was conducted at the Azit subwatershed of Gedebano Gutazer Welene Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, with the objectives to evaluate the effect of land use types, examine the interaction of land use and slope gradient, and evaluate the effect of slope gradient on selected soil physicochemical properties. A total of 27 soil samples using a simple random sampling technique with randomized complete block design from 3 land use types (cultivated, eucalyptus, and grazing lands) ×3 slope gradients (upper 10–15%, middle 5–10%, and lower 2–5% slopes) ×3 replications and depth (0–20 cm) were collected. Results indicated that most of the physicochemical properties of soils were significantly ( P < 0.01 ) affected by land use and slope gradient. Silt and sand particles did not vary significantly ( P > 0.05 ) among the land use types. The interaction effect of land use and slope was not significant ( P > 0.05 ) for most of the soil properties except for organic carbon (OC). Results of data analysis also showed that soil fertility was low under cultivated and eucalyptus lands coupled with the upper slope gradient. Therefore, based on the study’s findings, it can be recommended that integrated soil fertility management practices, such as the addition of soil organic matter and appropriate use of inorganic fertilizers, need to be implemented to restore the lost soil fertility status on the cultivated land and ultimately increase agricultural productivity on a sustainable basis. Eucalyptus plantings should also gradually be replaced by those that assist the soil in restoring its fertility.

Pemanfaatan Kotoran Ayam Sebagai Pupuk Organik Padat Untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Tanaman di SMA Negeri 1 Gunung Sari

Land potential in the West Nusa Tenggara region can still continue to be developed for various types of crops where the use of organic matter can support land productivity. The abundant amount of livestock waste availability, especially chickens, can be used as solid organic fertilizer. Socialization activities in the school environment of SMA Negeri 1 Gunung Sari are implementation activities aimed at improving plant quality by utilizing chicken manure as solid organic fertilizer. This activity takes place through several stages, namely the preparation stage and the preparation of material, implementation stage accompanied by workshop activities with Direct Instruction and Focus Group Discuss and demonstration stage of making and applying organic fertilizer chicken manure in the environment around the school. The output of this activity is expected to increase awareness for workshop participants to be able to protect the surrounding environment by processing chicken manure waste to be used as planting media that can trigger plant growth and development, so as to reduce the rate of use of inorganic fertilizers that can reduce land quality.

Influence of soil fertility management technologies on phosphorus fractions, sorption characteristics, and use efficiency in humic Nitisols of Upper Eastern Kenya

Fractions of phosphorus (P) and its sorption characteristics are affected by different soil fertility (FM) technologies which ultimately affect crop growth and productivity. However, the response of P fractions and sorption characteristics to soil fertility technologies that integrate diverse amendments is still poorly understood in acidic Nitisols. A randomized complete block design was layout in an acidic Nitisol to determine fractions of P, its sorption characteristics and use efficiencies in acidic Nitisols under various FM technologies in field conditions. The use of minimum tillage + maize residue + inorganic fertilizer + goat manure (MTCrGF) had the highest impact on and significantly increased resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, and maximum P sorption (Smax) by 182, 76, and 52 mg P kg−1. Moreover, NaOH-Pi and Smax concentrations were higher under conventional tillage + maize residue + inorganic fertilizer + goat manure (CTCrGF) by 216 mg P kg−1 and 49 mg P kg−1 than the control. MTCrGF and CTCrGF also had the lowest P bonding energy (0.04 L mg−1). CTCrGF had the highest P partial productivity factor (0.093 and 0.140 kg biomass kg−1 P) and P agronomic efficiency (0.080 and 0.073 kg biomass kg−1 P) during the two cropping seasons. The results demonstrate the positive influence of combining multiple P sources on soil P fractions, sorption characteristics, and use efficiencies. Notably, combining either conventional or minimum tillage with maize straw and applying integrated manure and inorganic fertilizer (MTCrGF or CTCrGF) can increase the labile P concentrations and reduce the potential depletion of the non-renewable rock phosphate and the use of inorganic phosphatic fertilizers for agricultural production.

PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK GEBAGRO 77 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAPULAGA (AMOMUM COMPACTUM) DI DESA BOTOHILI SILAMBO

Lack of understanding of farmers in Botohili Silambo Village in utilizing gebagro 77 organic fertilizer as fertilizer, especially on cardamom plants. People still use inorganic (chemical) fertilizers, thereby reducing soil quality. This study aims to determine the effect of organic fertilizer gebagro 77 on the growth of cardamom (Amomum compatum). This type of research is quantitative with a pure experimental method (True Experiment) with a completely randomized design (CRD). The population of this study was 20 polybags of cardamom and the sample of this study was cardamom with five treatments and four replications. The treatments applied were P0 (without giving gebagro 77 organic fertilizer) P1 (5 grams), P2 (10 grams), P3 (15 grams), and P4 (20 grams). The data of this study were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality test, homogeneity test, hypothesis testing using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) application version 20. It is known that Fcount 3.141 and asymp 0.046, with Ftable 2.90 then Fcount 3.141 > Ftable 2.90 and Asymp value 0.046 < 0.05. It shows that the height of cardamom stems is better than those that do not use gebagro 77 fertilizer. While it is known that Fcount 3.352 and Asymp 0.038, with Ftable 2.90 then Fcount 3.352 > Ftable 0.038 and Asymp value 0.038 < 0.05. It shows that the number of cardamom plant leaves is more than those that do not use gebagro 77 fertilizer. From the results of the analysis, the average use of gebagro 77 organic fertilizers has a better stem height and number of leaves compared to those who do not use gebagro 77 organic fertilizers. The suggestion offered by researchers is that the use of gebagro 77 organic fertilizers should be increased to reduce use of inorganic fertilizers and utilize existing natural resources.

Influence of inorganic fertilizers with biofertilizers on biochemical components, growth and yield of garlic under subtropical irrigated condition

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop which is used worldwide for culinary and medicinal purposes. The extensive use of inorganic fertilizers poses serious collateral problems such as environmental pollution, pest resistance development and food safety decline. Thus present study was conducted to investigate the effects of various application rate of inorganic fertilizers (100% NPK, 75% NPK and 50% NPK) and biofertilizers (consortium I and consortium II) on garlic yield and soil health. Results revealed that supplementation of 75% NPK along with biofertilizers gave the higher yield, biochemical components and soil parameters than 100% NPK application. Moreover, nutrient contents (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) of garlic leaves and bulbs increased by combined inoculation of different combinations of NPK along with biofertilizers. Integrated application of inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizers improved soil’s physico-chemical (pH and organic carbon) and biological (dehydrogenase activity) properties. Therefore, it can be concluded that integrated utilization of these biofertilizers along with 75% NPK improves soil health and it also offers the scope of reducing the application of inorganic fertilizers to garlic crop by 25% without any loss in bulb yield.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, organic manures, and chemical fertilizers: impact on crop productivity and soil health of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) in North Western Himalayan region

Integrated nutrient management practices play a vital role for enhancing the soil productivity and sustainable agriculture production. In vegetable crops, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a most important vegetable as well as spice crop grown worldwide. The indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizers for long period deteriorates productivity as well as soil fertility. Therefore, this study was proposed for an extensive evaluation of different combinations of organic manure, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with inorganic fertilizers and their influence on growth, yield, quality, economics, and soil health in bell pepper. This study was carried out on capsicum cv. Solan Bharpur with 15 treatment combinations in randomized block design with three replications. 75% Nitrogen Phosphorus (NP) + vermi compost (VC) and enriched compost (EC)@ 2.5 t/ha + PGPR resulted greatest available nitrogen (420.13 kg ha−1), phosphorus (53.87 kg ha−1), potassium (466.37 kg ha−1), organic carbon content (1.63%), and electrical conductivity (0.91 dSm−1). Similar treatment combination ie T14 obtained greatest values for yield and yield attributing parameters viz. fruit length (7.06 cm), fruit breadth (5.91 cm), pericarp thickness (6.72 mm), number of fruits per plant (28.05), improved yield by 60.89%, and enhanced total soluble solids (5.94 OBrix), ascorbic acid content (182.54 mg/100 g). Our findings revealed that combining organic manures, such as farm yard manure, VC, EC, and PGPRs, with inorganic fertilizers to the extent of 50–75% is good for enhancing the soil health and delivering a benefit:cost ratio of 2.59 along with long-term crop output.

Comparative Analysis of Integrated Use of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizer on Chili Crop (Capsicum annum L.) Growth and Productivity.

Comparative Analysis of Integrated Use of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizer on Chili Crop (Capsicum annum L.) Growth and Productivity.

Conservation tillage and fertiliser management strategies impact on basmati rice (Oryza sativa L): crop performance, crop water productivity, nutrient uptake and fertility status of the soil under rice-wheat cropping system.

The sustainability of paddy production systems in South Asia has recently been affected by a decline in soil health and excessive water usage. As a response to the global energy crisis, escalating costs of synthetic fertilisers, and growing environmental concerns, the utilization of organic plant-nutrient sources has gained considerable attention. Emerging adaptation technologies, including conservation tillage and innovative approaches to fertilizer management, present practical choices that can significantly contribute to the long-term preservation of soil fertility. The two year-long field experiment was completed in sandy loam soil during rainy (Kharif) seasons in 2019 and 2020 at the crop research centre farm of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agricultural & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to analyze the impacts of different tillage establishment of the crop and its methodologies as well as integrated nutritional management approaches on rice growth, yield, productivity of water, nutrient uptake, and fertility status of soil under a rice-wheat rotation system. The experiment was set up in a factorial randomized block design and replicated three times in a semi-arid subtropical environment. The conventionally transplanted rice puddled (CT-TPR) grew substantially better taller plants, and higher dry matter buildup leads to increased yields than transplanted rice under raised wide bed (WBed-TPR). WBed-TPR plots had more tillers, LAI, CGR, RGR, and yield characteristics of the rice in two year study. CT-TPR increased grain yield by 4.39 and 4.03% over WBed-TPR in 2019 and 2020, while WBed-TPR produced the highest water productivity (0.44 kg m-3) than CT-TPR, respectively. The 100% RDF+ ZnSO4 25 kg ha-1 + FYM (5 t ha-1) + PSB (5 kg ha-1) + Azotobacter 20 kg ha-1 (N6) treatment outperformed the other fertiliser management practices in terms of crop growth parameters, yields of grain (4,903 and 5,018 kgha-1), nutrient uptake and NPK availability, organic soil carbon. Among the fertilizer management practices, with the direct applications of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), farm yard manure (FYM), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Azatobactor and zinc worked synergistically and increased grain yields by 53.4, 51.3, 47.9 and 46.2% over their respective control treatment. To enhance rice productivity and promote soil health, the study suggests that adopting conservation tillage-based establishment practices and implementing effective fertilizer management techniques could serve as practical alternatives. It is concluded that the rice yield was improved by the inclusive use of inorganic fertiliser and organic manure (FYM). Additionally, the study observed that the combination of conventional puddled transplanted rice (CT-TPR) and N6 nitrogen application resulted in enhanced rice crop productivity and improved soil health.

Respon Perkembangan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Dengan Aplikasi Jumlah Bibit Dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi

Shallots have the potential to be cultivated in Kediri because they suit the growing environment. The problems include the level of awareness of farmers regarding excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and the number of seeds used in shallot cultivation. The aim of the research is to study and measure the response to development and production by treating the number of seeds and administering cow manure. The method uses a factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the dose of cow manure (P) with 3 levels, namely (P0 = 0gr/polybag, P1 = 150gr/polybag, and P2 = 250gr/polybag). The second factor is the number of seeds (J) consisting of 3 levels, namely (J1 = 1 seed/polybag, J2 = 2 seeds/polybag, and J3 = 3 seeds/polybag). The data obtained was continued with statistical tests with the BNT 5% or DMRT 5% test. Based on the research results, there was no interaction between the treatment dose of cow manure and the number of seeds per polybag. However, there was a real effect on the single treatment of cow manure during the vegetative period on plant height (42 DAP), namely P2, namely 32.39 cm/polybek, number of leaves, namely J3, there were 39.1 leaves,/polybek Generative vase on the best number of tubers parameters. P2 with a total of 14.2/polybag and wet weight on P2 with a weight of 48.02 grams/polybag

The Implementation of Rotary POC Technology for Organic Fertilizer Production in Tarahan Village, South Lampung

Tarahan Village is one of the larger villages in Katibung District, South Lampung. Despite not being classified as an agricultural region, Tarahan Village exhibits remarkable productivity in cultivating vegetables and fruits. So far, organic waste from fruits and vegetables has been discarded and burned or used only for animal feed. The large volume of unprocessed fruit and vegetable waste causes various problems for village residents, both directly and indirectly. Besides that, the village's intensive horticultural farming activities have encouraged the increased use of inorganic fertilizers. This pollutes the environment and harms the soil, organisms that live in the soil, and humans who consume these horticultural products. The application of liquid organic fertilizer, specifically POC, is deemed necessary to effectively address the issue of fruit and vegetable waste management while ensuring the quality of organic horticultural products. A composter is a suitable technology employed for the production of liquid fertilizer. Since oxygen is crucial for microorganisms in decomposing organic matter, the POC produced through the aerobic composting process will mature more quickly and not produce offensive odors. The goal of implementing this technology is to spread the word that garbage can be turned into something valuable if managed properly, leading to a cleaner community and more economic opportunities. The rotary POC technology scheme consists of a plastic drum that is supported by an iron structure. The drum is furnished with a rotating lever designed for the purpose of stirring, thereby facilitating the uniform mixing of organic material upon the addition of the bioactivator. The agitation of the solution facilitates the efficient execution of the aeration process. The equipment scheme has been developed with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of composting with regard to both time management and the quality of the final outcomes. This technology has the potential to be an alternative solution for dealing with household waste, and the product in the form of POC has the potential to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers.

Application Of Organic Fertilizer Raw Materials Of Chromolaena odorata And Mycorrhizal Fungi On Local Corn Plant In Sub-Optimal Land)

. Application of organic fertilizer raw materials Chromolaena odorata and mycorrhizal fungi is one solution to improve the physical, chemical and biological soil at sub-optimal land and reduce environmental pollution due to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers on the local corn plant. The aim of study was to evaluated the role of bokashi C.odorata and mycorrhizal fungi in improving the growth and production of local corn. The research design used was a factorial randomized block design (RBD), consisting of two factors. First factor was the dose of bokashi fertilizer (C), consisting of 4 treatment levels, namely: 0; 2; 4 and 6 t ha-1. Second factor was mycorrhizal fungi (F) inoculation, consisting of 3 treatment levels, namely, 25; 50 and 75 g planting holes-1. Bokasi fertilizer C.odorata and mycorrhizal fungi were significant on growth and production variables, such as: plant height (cm), leaf area index (cm2), RGR (g..g-1.day-1), dry weight of corn cobs (g), and dry seed production (ton ha-1). The Result of combination bokashi fertilizer C.odorata (6 tons ha-1) and mycorrhizal fungi (50 g planting hole-1) was the best treatment with obtained Konawe local dried corn production of 4.48 tons ha-1.

Effect of Integrated Nitrogen and Mulching on Growth, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cv. Palam Samridhi

Broccoli is an important cole crop, widely grown in India. The excessive use of inorganic fertilizer, resulting in infertility of soil and chemically toxic agricultural by-products, is one of the most limiting factors affecting the quality production and productivity of the crop. To evaluate the effect of different organic and inorganic nitrogen sources and the application of different mulching materials on productivity and quality aspects of broccoli cv Palam Samridhi, the experiment was conducted for two years during 2021-22 and 2022-23. Among the treatments, the highest plant height (36.12cm), leaf length (22.39cm), leaf width (13.30), stem diameter (2.5), plant spread (1687.60cm2), head weight (367.75g), head yield/ha (254.43q/ha), moisture (91.65%), TSS (8.10°B), head dry matter (12.54%) and protein (3.65%) were recorded in treatment N5M2 (50% Nitrogen with Urea (108kg/ha) along with 50% Nitrogen utilizing Poultry Manure (1.5t/ha) and black polythene mulch) and quality traits such as highest chlorophyll (19.83%) in N3M2 (50% N Urea(108kg/ha)+50% N FYM (10t/ha) + Black Polythene mulch). In contrast, Proline (36.58%) were recorded in treatment N4M1 (50% N Urea (108kg/ha) +50% N Vermicompost (4t/ha) + Paddy Straw mulch), which was found superior overall individual treatments and their combination.

Pengaruh POC Kulit Pisang (Musa paradisiaca) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Dua Varietas Selada (Lactuca sativa L.)

Pengaruh POC Kulit Pisang (Musa paradisiaca) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Dua Varietas Selada (Lactuca sativa L.)

Influence of Pseudomonas and Biofertisol as Foliar Spray on Nodulation Attributes and Yield of Vegetable Pea under STCR Approach

A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season in the Experimental Field, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) under RBD design with four replications consisting of five treatments of two types of biofertilizers: Pseudomonas and Biofertisol, and scheduled combinations of inorganic fertilizers based on STCR (Soil Test Crop Response) to achieve the desired yield using the vegetable pea variety PSM-3. The response due to treatment of T4 (TY 100 q (58:110:47) + 5 t FYM+1 spray of Pseudomonas+1 spray of Biofertisol) was significantly effective in increasing nodulation attributes (nodulation enumeration, biomass and leghaemoglobin content) by 28.46, 47.15, and 35.29%; 78.33, 95.86, and 86.17%; and 21.70, 65.70, and 20.26%, respectively, relative to that of control. Yields of the crop were best harvested due to T4 by 85.97 % over that of control 56.70 kg ha-1. The continuous application of chemical fertilisers has decreased the fertility of the soil and degraded the soil. The reduction in the fertility of the soil has resulted in poor crop yields. The nutrient management of all the treatments involves the judicious use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, along with microbes, to meet the nutrient needs of the crop while minimizing environmental impacts.

Response of Inorganic Fertilizers, Organic Manure and Biofertilizer on the Physical Parameters of the Soil under the Cultivation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) CV. Arun

Application of inorganic fertilizer, biofertilizer and organic manure to the soil can have various effects on the physical parameters of soil, such as soil structure, porosity, water holding capacity, bulk density. The designed lay out 48 total soil samples were taken from different depths 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. The optimal combination of these inputs depends on the type of soil, crop and climate. Generally, the application of organic manure can improve the soil structure and porosity, while the addition of biofertilizer can enhance the soil fertility and microbial activity. The use of inorganic fertilizer can provide essential nutrients for plant growth, but it should be applied in appropriate amounts and forms to avoid negative impacts on the soil quality. The conjunctive use of N P K and different vermicompost and rhizobium the treatment T16- [RDF @ 100 % + VC @ 100 % + Rhizobium @ 100 %] gave best results physical properties of soil.

Utilization of spent mushroom wastes as an alternative to use of inorganic fertilizer

ABSTRACT If produced in large quantity, spent mushroom wastes/compost (SMW/SMC) could constitute an environmental problem due to its leachate contaminating surface and groundwater. It could be re-used as soil amendment due to its rich nutrient composition. The suitability of SMC derived from sawdust cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus K. for production of Celosia argentea L. in pots (5 kg of topsoil, 1:1 top soil by weight and 5 kg of SMC alone (corresponding to 0, 5 and 10 t∙ha−1, respectively); sole SMC and 100 kg∙ha−1 NPK as control) and field trials (0, 5, 10, and 15 t∙ha−1, with NPK at 60 kg∙ha−1 as control) were examined. The top soil used was of the Alfisol group of the basement complex which is locally classified as Ibadan series. Yield increased significantly with increase in SMC rates in pot and field-trials, relative to control, indicating SMC derived from sawdust cultivation of P. ostreatus as a potential fertilizer.