Innovative Youth Research Articles

Single-chain A35R-M1R-B6R trivalent mRNA vaccines protect mice against both mpox virus and vaccinia virus

Mpox has spread to many countries around the world. While the existing live attenuated mpox vaccines are effective, advances in 21st century technologies now enable the development of vaccines with more specific antigens, clearer mechanisms, and more controllable side effects. We systematically evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the A35R, M1R and B6R antigens of the mpox virus (MPXV). With these findings, we designed three single-chain trivalent mRNA vaccines (AMAB-wt, AMAB-C140S and AMB-C140S) by integrating the soluble regions of these antigens into single mRNA-encoded polypeptides based on their protein structures. Then, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these single-chain mRNA vaccines were evaluated in mice models against both VACV and MPXV. The three single-chain vaccines elicited neutralising antibodies that effectively neutralised both VACV and MPXV. The single-chain vaccines or cocktail vaccine containing mRNAs encoding soluble antigen (sA35R+sM1R+sB6R) exhibited 100% or 80% protection against a lethal dose of VACV challenge, while the cocktail of full-length antigens (A35+ M1+ B6) and the live attenuated vaccine, VACV Tian Tan (VACV-VTT), completely failed to protect mice. Moreover, the single-chain vaccines significantly reduced viral load in the lungs and ovaries of MPXV-challenged mice. Compared with the cocktail vaccines, our single-chain designs demonstrated similar or superior immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Importantly, the simplicity of the single-chain vaccines enhances both the controllability and accessibility of mpox vaccines. We believe these single-chain vaccines qualify as the next-generation mpox vaccines. National Natural Science Foundation of China and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS.

Towards the Concept of Digital Grassroots Youth Innovation

In recent years, young people have acquired a more active role in different areas of public life, such as culture, politics and gender debates. However, the relevance of their role in innovation processes has remained largely undiscussed. Are young people, in particular those from working class backgrounds, a forgotten actor for innovation and technological change policies? This study aims to understand whether the youth population—who are widely connected to the Internet, who do not necessarily participate in formal educational spaces but are increasingly acquiring digital skills autonomously—can be considered as an agent of innovation. Specifically, this study aims to propose and define the concept of Digital Grassroots Youth Innovation. It is based on both empirical and theoretical sources. On the one hand, it relies on a compilation of experiences of innovative activities related to digital technologies led by young people in Argentina. On the other hand, it is supported by a theoretical discussion on (a) the different types of innovations and their subjects, (b) the specificities of the ‘marginal mass’ in informational capitalism and (c) the characterisation of the young population in Argentina as ‘NEET’ (not in education, employment or training). Finally, we ask about the role played by digital technologies and non-formal learning in these particular innovation processes.

Social media influence on the promotion of sustainable fisheries management: Insight from Indonesian blue swimming crab

Abstract Blue swimming crab is one of potential fisheries commodities in Indonesia that has been mainly exported to America. Crab industry contributed to national economy due to high export volume and value. The use of social media has surged due to digitalization, becoming a crucial marketing strategy for maximizing business profits. The role of social media in non-profit organizations for fisheries sustainability campaigns remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze to the role of social media in promoting sustainable blue swimming crab fisheries programs in Indonesia. Data was collected for 14 days from 31 social media users on various platforms, such as Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and YouTube. SmartPLS 3.2.9 was applied to analyze the effect of recall, recognition, alternative, and recalling on blue swimming crabs fishery programs on interaction and effectiveness consumer brand engagement (CBE). Results showed that the most recognized fisheries sustainability programs for blue swimming crabs were crab apartment and GTK-5 Minutes. Meanwhile, the crab enlargement program and APRI Youth Innovation were known through moment-open recruitment. Knowing and following APRI’s social media has significant effect on CBE’s interaction and effectiveness. Social media could also be used as a marketing strategy to promote sustainable fisheries management programs The research reveals the significance of social media in fostering consumer engagement and promoting sustainable practices in fisheries management programs by non-profit organization through effective marketing strategies.

Innovative Youth Research and Study Education Model and the Cultivation of Future Talent in the United States

This paper explores the innovative youth research and study education model and its significance in the cultivation of future talent in the United States. In the era of globalization, the United States needs to cultivate future talent with innovative and practical abilities. The innovative education model emphasizes practice, inquiry, and innovation, and integrates technological methods such as Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, and online learning platforms. It focuses on project-based learning, cultivates problem-solving skills, and encourages students’ independent inquiry and teamwork. This model provides a richer learning experience, helping students develop innovative thinking, technological literacy, and practical abilities. It also promotes the development of related industries such as culture, education, and science and technology innovation. Implementation strategies include formulating policies, strengthening promotion, establishing cooperation mechanisms, and developing curriculum resources. To fully leverage the potential of this model, investment and support from governments, schools, and society are necessary.

Psoralen mediates BMSCs osteogenic differentiation via cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/smad signaling pathways

Background: To explore the mechanism of psoralen mediated Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway to induce osteogenesis of BMSC. Methods: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with psoralen to detect its osteogenic differentiation. In addition, lentivirus and siRNA were used to construct cell models of β-catenin or BMP2 overexpression and knockdown, separately. They may help to clarify the role of β-catenin and BMP2 crosstalk in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. What’s more, C57BL/6 mice were selected to be treated psoralen with psoralen to further verify the osteogenic effect. Results: Various in vitro studies on BMSCs showed that psoralen could promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Overexpression of β-catenin could promote the expression of BMP2 in BMSCs, and psoralen can enhance the effect of bone differentiation. Knockdown β-catenin decreased the expression of BMP2 and inhibited psoralen in promoting bone differentiation. In addition, it was found that the effect of psoralen on β-catenin level did not change significantly after overexpression or knockdown of BMP2, but the effect of psoralen on promoting bone differentiation was inhibited by knockdown of BMP2. In mice, psoralen intervention regulated the crosstalk of Wnt/β-catenin and BMP signaling pathway to reached to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone tissue. Conclusions: Psoralen can activate β-catenin signaling pathway and up-regulate the expression of BMP signaling pathway to increase the cross talk between β-catenin and BMP, to eventually reach to promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. This trial was funded by the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973889 to FY), the Program of Shaanxi Province Natural Science Foundation (2023-YBSF-210 to FY & 2023-JC-QN-0978 to WL), the Program of Shaanxi Education Department (19JC013 to FY & 22JK0346 to WL), the Program of Shaanxi Administration Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021-01-22-009 to FY &2022-QCYZH-029 to WL), Youth Innovation Team in Shaanxi universities, and the Program of Health Commission of Shaanxi Province (2022B002 to WL). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN DATA ECONOMICS (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY)

In the data economy, data unification is assumed for various sectors of the economy. The innovative activity of an individual-a student of higher education- a representative of youth, in the data economy is a new type of data, due to the inclusion of individuals (individuals) in the data generation process. The object of this study is innovative activity at the level of educational organizations, an individual-a student-a representative of youth (or generation Z). Subject: methodology for analyzing the innovative activity of an individual as a set of his activities related to the implementation of educational, scientific, research and other works based on the methodology of innovative activity of Rosstat organizations. The objectives of this study are to consider the innovative activity of young people studying at higher school in theory and practice; to develop a methodology for analyzing the innovative activity of individuals studying at higher school in the data economy. As a result of the research: the methodological provisions for the analysis of youth innovation activity have been clarified; the methodology for analyzing youth innovation activity in the data economy has been formed, the concept of «innovative activity» of youth in the data economy has been clarified. The results obtained can be used as a basis for studying the innovative activity of young people in the data economy at the federal, regional levels, as well as local studies.

Evaluating Success and Challenges of a Primary Care Youth Mental Health Programme Using Complexity, Implementation Science, and Appreciative Inquiry.

Background Using an innovative framework of complexity and implementation science, with underpinning core values of appreciative inquiry (CIS-A), this paper describes the evaluation of a pilot service in New Zealand aiming to deliver integrated psychological therapy services within primary care, to young people (aged 18-24) experiencing mild to moderate mental distress. Method Using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods and multiple data sources,there was a strong focus on local innovation and co-design with service users, young people and multiple care providers. Data is drawn from service users, stakeholders and providers of the service in three areas of the lower North Island of New Zealand. Results The Piki pilot provided a significant and innovative enhancement of mental health care to this population. The service supported 5307 individuals with a range of therapy options, with the majority having between one and three therapy sessions. From 730 service users who completed a survey, 591 (81%) were 'very satisfied' with the service provided. The CIS-A framework was used successfully to provide rapid feedback and encourage adaptation to evolving issues. These included unexpected workload pressures, changes to therapy delivery, the integration of co-design and prioritising the needs of vulnerable groups. There was a successful incorporation of youth/service user input to co-design the programme, introduction of a peer-to-peer support service, and integration of a digital resource platform. The framework was also used to address challenges encountered and to support necessary adaptations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions We describe the use of an embedded evaluation to support and inform the implementation of a novel and innovative youth mental health programme. Complexity and implementation science, underpinned by the core values of appreciative inquiry (CIS-A), were successfully utilised providing potential learning that can be applied locally, nationally and internationally. This study has a focus on youth mental health but the principles and utility of applying a complexity and implementation science approach have application in many different health care settings. The use of a framework such as CIS-A can support complex innovation and implementation and can be used to enable rapid course correction and turn 'hindsight to foresight'.

Exploring Empowerment of Young Participants of Social Housing Youth Innovation Project in Taipei from Advisory Team's Perspectives

<p>本文是從青創戶輔導團隊的觀點，加以探討臺北市社會住宅青創計畫的培力運用。本文依據三個方向進行分析：（一）輔導團隊的工作重點；（二）培力青創戶的模式；以及（三）培力青創戶對社宅的影響。首先。建置各社宅的輔導窗口，及規劃推動社宅的業務內容都是工作重點。第二是培力模式，共分為七大面向包括：初期說明會與工作坊、分組社區活動執行及社區行政事務、學習與轉化社區工作的know-how、個別輔導、團體輔導、成果檢核的輔導等。第三是對社宅的影響，社區內部的網絡開始發展，鄰避效應的問題也開始降低，同時，經濟／社會弱勢者參加社區活動的機會也增加。最後，社宅的青創戶政策可視為一種創新的社區工作模式，提供未來社區工作的參考。</p> <p> </p><p>The analysis framework of this study includes: the main focuses of the advisory team, the empowerment model, and the social impacts of this project. The important findings are as followings. Firstly, the advisory team learned lessons and accumulated experiences by try and error. The establishment of advisory staff in each social housing, and development of community activities were the focal tasks of the advisory team. Secondly, the operations of empowerment contained: the implementations of orientations and workshops, the labor divisions of young participants, the transformations and practices of know-how learned from the advisory team, individual and group consultations, as well as the review of outcome evaluation. The thirdly, some positive impacts of this project had been identified for the residents of social hosing and near-by areas. Finally, the empowerment model of social Housing for Youth Innovation project provided some valuable insights for the development of community work.</p> <p> </p>

Optimization of performance of the KM2A full array using the Crab Nebula* *Supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2018YFA0404201, 2018YFA0404202, 2018YFA0404203, 2018YFA0404204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12022502, 12205314, 12105301, 12261160362, 12105294, U1931201), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2022010) and in Thailand by the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), and

The full array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has been in operation since July 2021. For its kilometer-square array (KM2A), we optimized the selection criteria for very high and ultra-high energy γ-rays using data collected from August 2021 to August 2022, resulting in an improvement in significance of the detection in the Crab Nebula of approximately 15%, compared with that of previous cuts. With the implementation of these new selection criteria, the angular resolution was also significantly improved by approximately 10% at tens of TeV. Other aspects of the full KM2A array performance, such as the pointing error, were also calibrated using the Crab Nebula. The resulting energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range of 10-1000 TeV are well fitted by a log-parabola model, which is consistent with the previous results from LHAASO and other experiments.

Different coalescence sources of light nucleus production in Au-Au collisions at GeV* *Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12175115,12375074), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2020MA097), and the Higher Educational Youth Innovation Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province, China (2020KJJ004, 2019KJJ010)

We study the production of light nuclei in the coalescence mechanism of Au-Au collisions at midrapidity at GeV. We derive analytic formulas of the momentum distributions of two bodies, three bodies, and four nucleons coalescing into light nuclei and naturally explain the transverse momentum spectra of the deuteron (d), triton (t), helium-3 (3He), and helium-4 (4He). We reproduce data on the yield rapidity densities, yield ratios, and averaged transverse momenta of d, t, 3He, and 4He and provide the proportions of contributions from different coalescence sources for t, 3He, and 4He in their production. We find that besides nucleon coalescence, nucleon+nucleus coalescence and nucleus+nucleus coalescence may play requisite roles in light nucleus production in Au-Au collisions at GeV.

Analysis of the correlation between youth-developing provinces and common wealth—Taking Zhejiang Province as an example

Youth development province refers to the province development method that mutually stimulates youth innovation and creative vitality and province innovation and creative vitality, and mutually promotes youth high-quality development and province high-quality development. 2021 The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Supporting the High-quality Development of Zhejiang Province to Construct a Common Wealth Demonstration Zone, which was introduced in 2021, further clarifies that the judgment indicators for the realization of the common wealth can be classified into 10 aspects, namely high-quality development, Income Distribution, Social Public Services, Resident Income, Quality of Life, Culture and Entertainment, Basic Education, Sustainable Ecology, Life Safety, Information and Transportation. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper starts from the question of whether there is a certain correlation between the building of youth development province and the realization of common prosperity, and analyzes the correlation between the index of youth development province and the index of common prosperity in Zhejiang Province, and discusses and expounds the construction direction of the goal of “common prosperity” in Zhejiang Province.

The properties of the powder that makes the basis of hard alloys used in the crushing of underground resources

Today, many countries are extraction the underground resources (non-ferrous and rare metals) by having a leading processing plants. In Uzbekistan, metals such as gold, silver, copper, uranium, rhenium, and tungsten are mined from underground resources and produced as finished products. A significant part of the costs of the extraction of underground resources is spent on the processes of crushing and grinding crushing minerals. Hard alloys used in the process of crushing and grinding ores are produced based on metals such as tungsten and cobalt. This article presents scientific-practical research on the properties of powders that form the basis of tungsten carbide-cobalt-based hard alloys used in crushing underground resources. During the research, the chemical composition of tungsten and cobalt carbide powders chosen as raw materials, the location of the powders in the raw materials, the granulometric sizes of the powders, and their morphology were studied. In all conducted studies, tungsten carbide powders produced at the JSC “Almalyk MMC” were used as a raw material to prepare samples of tungsten carbide-cobalt-based hard alloys and also as a binder. Cobalt powder produced in this enterprise was selected. All studies were carried out on a scanning electron microscope, JSM-IT200 (JEOL, Japan), at the Uzbekistan-Japan Youth Innovation Center.

Дайджест опитувань U-Report: IV квартал 2023 р. (насильство у стосунках, культура благодійності та ставлення до одностатевих партнерств)

The results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for October are shown – December 2023: gender stereotypes and violence against women, culture of charity, attitude to same-sex partnership.

Stabilizing Grand Cooperation via Cost Adjustment: An Inverse Optimization Approach

For an unbalanced cooperative game, its grand coalition can be stabilized by some instruments, such as subsidization and penalization, that impose new cost terms to certain coalitions. In this paper, we study an alternative instrument, referred to as cost adjustment, that does not need to impose any new coalition-specific cost terms. Specifically, our approach is to adjust existing cost coefficients of the game under which (i) the game becomes balanced so that the grand coalition becomes stable, (ii) a desired way of cooperation is optimal for the grand coalition to adopt, and (iii) the total cost to be shared by the grand coalition is within a prescribed range. Focusing on a broad class of cooperative games, known as integer minimization games, we formulate the problem on how to optimize the cost adjustment as a constrained inverse optimization problem. We prove [Formula: see text]-hardness and derive easy-to-check feasibility conditions for the problem. Based on two linear programming reformulations, we develop two solution algorithms. One is a cutting-plane algorithm, which runs in polynomial time when the corresponding separation problem is polynomial time solvable. The other needs to explicitly derive all the inequalities of a linear program, which runs in polynomial time when the linear program contains only a polynomial number of inequalities. We apply our models and solution algorithms to two typical unbalanced games, including a weighted matching game and an uncapacitated facility location game, showing that their optimal cost adjustments can be obtained in polynomial time. History: Accepted by Area Editor Andrea Lodi for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72022018 and 72091210]; the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR, China [Grant 16210020]; Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Grant P0032007]; and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Grant 2021454]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0268 .

Empowering Youth Carers of a Parent with Younger‐Onset Dementia

AbstractLorenzo’s House, an international nonprofit empowers families living with younger‐onset dementia through our holistic model. Younger‐onset does not just impact the person diagnosed: it impacts a whole family. Services for people impacted by dementia are geared towards older adults, but younger‐onset strikes people in their 30s, 40s, and 50s. There is an urgency as there has been a 200% increase between 2013‐2017, in this age range, according to BlueCross BlueShield. This gap in appropriate services and alarming uptick leaves families on an isolated path, searching for resources, support, and basic understanding.Youth are often affected by a parent’s diagnosis at a neurobiologically vulnerable time in their lives. Youth whose parents have younger‐onset dementia frequently don’t know how to explain their experience as a carer with their peers, leaving them isolated and managing the ongoing change by themselves. By creating spaces specifically catered towards these young carers, Lorenzo’s House has radically shifted the journey of what younger‐onset dementia looks like for children and young adults.Our three innovative Youth Initiatives empower young carers with strategies and a community that understands. Our Youth Summit, a virtual experience designed by young carers and trusted professionals builds an alliance by sharing stories, exchanging carer techniques and expanding brain health knowledge. Our Light Club, a virtual bi‐monthly youth carer hangout offers peer support, mindfulness practices, and laughter. Our Young Professionals Board magnifies our mission and works to break stigma through advocacy, education, and outreach.

A Compassion-Focused Therapy group for young people who live in foster, adoptive or kinship care: Initial development, reflections, and ways forward

Care-experienced youth are more likely than their peers to present with earlier, more severe and more chronic mental health difficulties. This case study presents the development of a Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) group for young people who do not live with their birth families due to an early history of abuse and neglect, delivered by psychologists in a social care service. Eight adolescent girls (aged 12–16), who lived in foster, adoptive or kinship care, attended eight face-to-face weekly sessions of a ‘Building Your Self-Confidence’ group. Most of them attended all sessions, found the group ‘enjoyable’ and ‘interesting’, and reported finding it helpful to improve their self-confidence at least to some extent (‘a little’ or ‘yes’). On standardised measures, half of the caregivers reported improvements in their child’s mental health but none of the adolescents did themselves. These initial data pave the way to further optimise the application of group CFT for care-experienced youth and inform psychological treatment innovation in youth more generally.

TVET SI: Designing the Future - Youth innovation, informality and transformed VET

This article argues that Vocational Education and Training (VET) can be a valuable space to develop the innovation required to deal with the wicked problems of the world; however, radical and rapid transformation in approaches to VET is needed. While we use a case study from Gulu, Uganda, the fi ndings can be applied more broadly. A new approach cannot be taken in isolation from other social circumstances, and desperately needs to include epistemic contributions both in relation to content and approach so that it bolsters and supports the initiatives, designs and dreams of the intended participants, especially women. We argue that epistemic injustice is a major limiting factor for environmental learning and innovation. We share potential opportunities from our research to shift towards a climate and socially conscious social skills ecosystem capable of designing a positive future.
 Keywords: Transformative Vocational Education and Training (VET), social skills ecosystem, epistemic justice, environmental sustainability, intersectionality and VET

Дайджест опитувань U-Report: ІІI квартал 2023 р. (внутрішній туризм, радіаційна та ядерна безпека, фінансова грамотність)

Paper demonstrated the results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for July – September 2023: domestic tourism, radiation, and nuclear safety, financial literacy.

The educational technology's impact on youth creativity and innovation: A case of Ha’il region of Saudi Arabia

The educational technology's impact on youth creativity and innovation: A case of Ha’il region of Saudi Arabia

Дайджест опитувань U-Report: ІI квартал 2023 р. (насильство в міжособистісних стосунках, освіта та міграційні настрої, професійна орієнтація)

The paper demonstrates the results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for April – June 2023: intimate partner violence, education and migration sentiments, career guidance