Innovative Type Of Development Research Articles

Инновационная активность российских предприятий в условиях индустриализации экономики

At the present stage of development of the world and Russian economy there is a change of technological structure or a long cycle of economic conjuncture of D. Kondratyev. Innovative technologies based on biotechnologies, nanotechnologies, global information networks, artificial intelligence system, etc. are the basis for the formation of a new wave of the cycle. The use of innovative technologies allows for a significant increase in production efficiency, cost reduction, reduction of energy and capital intensity.
 The article reveals the role of innovation in the economic development of the state and the region in the transition to an innovative type of development. The characteristic of regional and branch differentiation on the level of innovative activity of the enterprises is given. The priority directions of development of innovative activity of enterprises-innovators are revealed. Conclusions are drawn on the need for policies to enhance innovation. The mechanism of increase of activity and efficiency of innovative activity of subjects of the Russian economy is offered.
 The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to substantiate the perspective directions of development of modernization of the national economy and to substantiate the main methods and tools for the formation and implementation of the innovation policy of the state.

Cluster Management Technologies as the Tendency for Development of the Agricultural Industry

The relevance of creating clusters is due to the fact that there is a need to switch to an innovative type of development. To increase the competitiveness of products and introduce innovations into production, the cluster is defined as a system of interrelated forms of various agricultural enterprises. In most countries, cluster development policy is an organizational form of industrial integration. Effective functioning of clusters leads to economic growth and increased competitiveness of the region economy.
 The main goal of the work is to consider the possibility of introducing a cluster and make a forecast of its effectiveness for the agriculture of the Kyrgyz Republic, on the basis of the chosen methodology. To achieve the objectives of the work, the following tasks were set and accomplished: review the theoretical aspects of the issue under research, conducting a SWOT analysis of the Chui oblast from the point of view of developing an agro-industrial cluster in it, calculate the clustering coefficients, choose a model for calculating cluster implementation efficiency, and propose a scheme for forming an agro-industrial cluster.
 The ability to create a cluster is calculated using the synergistic effect method. Methods of logical, statistical analysis were also used.
 The calculations show that the cumulative effect of factors leads to increased opportunities to create a cluster, and possibly in the future, will contribute to the effective development of the region and its international expansion. It is also confirmed that with the introduction of the cluster, the speed of agricultural development in the region will increase.
 The expected results of the cluster work can be different and depend on the interests of the participants: authorities, enterprises, etc. One of the main estimated results of cluster implementation is the improvement of the region's trade business, stable increase in the level of exports, and import substitution. The creation of a cluster, in our opinion, will contribute to the overall growth of the country's economy, improving food security and exporting competitive products.

ІННОВАЦІЙНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ОСВІТНЬОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ВИЩИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

Перехід від індустріального до інформаційного суспільства, так званого «суспільства знань», провокує формування нового типу економіки, заснованої на знаннях, де процеси створення та розподілення знань стають ключовими. В наш час знання вже є капіталом і головним ресурсом держави. Зміна соціальних орієнтацій провокує спрямування акценту на кожну окрему особистість, як основну соціальну цінність. Вибір інноваційного типу розвитку, створення та впровадження наукових технологій, постійно зростаюча роль інформації та знань у соціально-економічному розвитку держави призводять до підвищення попиту на висококваліфікованих фахівців. Крім того, формування інноваційної моделі розвитку суспільства розширює коло функціональних особливостей системи вищої освіти в напрямку поєднання функції передачі накопиченого суспільного досвіду, знань та навичок зі сприянням у розробці нових наукових ідей, технічних рішень і технологічних процесів та підготовкою фахівців нового рівня, які відзначаються розвинутими аналітичними та професійними здібностями. Вища школа покликана стати центром формування інноваційного середовища, що забезпечить спрямованість професійної підготовки на формування готовності майбутніх фахівців до інноваційної діяльності. Враховуючи вище зазначене, у статті проаналізовано правове поле, у якому функціонує система освіти нашої держави, виокремлено класично-управлінські моделі, що можуть бути реалізовані у процесі вирішення нагальних управлінських проблем сьогодення, а також міжнародний досвід, пов’язаний із питанням дослідження інноваційної складової менеджменту освітою. Підкреслено важливість застосування принципу інноваційності для вдосконалення професійної компетентності керівника ВНЗ. У статті розглянуто проблему формування й удосконалення професійної компетентності управлінських кадрів завдяки моделюванню їхньої діяльності. Запропоновано діяльність вищого навчального закладу розглядати як єдину цільову програму. Визначено основні напрямки інноваційного управління, цілі внутрішніх підсистем діяльності вищих навчальних закладів, розкрито їх структурні складові та функції управління освітньою діяльністю.

ДЕЯКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ І ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The modern type of society over the past decades is increasingly characterized as an information society. As is known, information technologies are the direct engine of the globalization process, which is connected with the new technical possibilities of communication, and the most important feature is the formation of a single financial and information space in the world, in which the commercial activities of mankind are increasingly carried out.The article analyzes the influence of the development of information and communication technologies on the changes taking place in the economic sphere of society's life. The main features and regularities of the economic development of the information society were identified and analyzed. The latest large-scale economic changes taking place in the world are characterized by the emergence of an "information economy". While industrial technologies dominated the capitalist system as a social system, in today's globalizes world, information and communication technologies based on the exchange of knowledge and information are of unquestionable priority. The development of information and communication technologies contributes to changes in the field of economic relations, in particular the formation of an information economy, the basis of which are information media and information products and services. The main subject and means of work in the information economy are information, the main product of production and consumption - services and information products. The combination of industrial and post-industrial types of development, the use of information and knowledge as a unique object and means of production, the growth of the service sector, especially the manifestation of the labor theory of value, technological and economic convergence, innovative type of development, the dynamism of production, virtualization of the economic space - the most important economic basis of the information society.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИМ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯМ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

The article substantiates the theoretical foundations of information support of the public administration system in terms of the introduction of innovations to ensure sustainable development of territories. The definition of "innovative potential of a separate territory" is given. The components of the innovation system are defined - innovation potential, innovation infrastructure, innovation process. The content of the innovative development of territorial communities is revealed by ensuring the implementation of strategic priorities for the development of the territory using the information potential of the region. The characteristic features of the development and competitiveness of a territorial community are given, which help to identify a territorial community with an innovative type of development. The article deals with the management of sustainable development of the region in the context of information society. The necessity of information support of public administration is proved with the help of data of continuous monitoring of parameters of sustainable development.

Structural problems of mining region innovative development (Kuzbass, Western Siberia)

At present, the issues of overcoming the negative structural shift in Russian economy, accelerating economic growth, reducing technological and social- and-economic gap between Russia and the developed countries are strategically important. Modern structure of Russian economy which had been developed as a part of market model does not generate the innovative type of development. In this situation, mining regions, the structure of which was formed in the early 20th century and is represented by the extractive industries, are undergoing the greatest problems of innovative development. Therefore, despite high urbanization and industrial development level the economy of Kuzbass (Western Siberia, Russia) is characterized by significant structural problems. They are associated with primary extractive nature of the regional industry, in which coal and iron ore, metallurgical and chemical industries dominate. They highly depend on Russian and global market of raw materials, widely use low-productive technologies, and they are characterized by high level of fixed capital depreciation and insufficient pace of innovative infrastructure development. The solution of the structural problems of economic development of mining region is connected with technological modernization of extractive industries and use of modern materials for the production of high-tech products.

The Processes of Modernization in the Russian Regions of the Circumpolar Zone: Possibilities and Limitations

The authors of the present work studied the socio-economic and technological development of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The object of analysis is the process of modernization, acting as a mechanism for the transition from traditional to modern society. Theoretical and methodological basis for the consideration of the modernization process is the concept and methodology of Chinese researcher He Chuanqi (China Center for Modernization Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences). Modernization is considered in its historical perspective. It is presented as a series of primary and secondary upgrading or modernizing integrated as an alternative for the countries and regions of the catching-up development. The authors demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of the socio-economic development of regions of the Russian Arctic zone. It is shown that the processes of modernization lags behind the national average rates in the Arctic regions. Their characteristic is the superiority of the social component on the other, as in Russia on average. The authors studied the basic contradiction of the moment. Its essence lies in the fact that the regions of Russia, most successfully developing in socio-economic and socio-cultural spaces at the same time are not those in the space of modernization changes. The authors carried out a detailed comparative analysis of the processes of modernization in the Murmansk region, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Nenets Autonomous District, the Arkhangelsk region in the Russian and global contexts. The state program of development of the Russian Arctic, currently being implemented, had an impact on the dynamics of development, but the qualitative transition to a different development path has not happened yet. The paper shows a deadlock on energy resources and development options. The slow pace of modernization contribute to widening the gap with developed countries. Regions remain in the paradigm of resource economics. It does not allow them to implement the transition to a new, innovative type of development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s4p264

Theoretical Approaches and Principles of Cluster Structures Formation

Relevance of the research subject is determined by an increasing role of production clusters in conditions of transition of the Russian economy to the innovative type of development that forms a basis of sustainable growth of any economic system, creates conditions for accumulation of scientific and technical potential, modernization of the industry and accelerated development of its most competitive industries.The innovative economy represents the economy functioning on the basis of enterprise networks as innovative cooperation between the enterprises and the organizations mainly provides an exchange of new knowledge and technologies forms the investment and innovative environment. In this regard the research objective is development of theoretical approaches and principles of formation and development of cluster structures.

Инновационные направления конкурентоспособного развития российских компаний

The author defines characteristics of the innovative type of development of economy; names basic problems of formation of the «foundation» of the Russian innovation system; discloses strategy of competitiveness of Russian companies based on the creation of the organizational and economic mechanism of management of innovations.

Оценка результативности природоохранной деятельности в регионах России

This paper develops ideas about the environmental performance assessment in the federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation. Relevance of the topic is determined by the need to build a new system of environmental relations in terms of current society modernization, transition to the economy on an innovative type of development. The research methodology is based on the ongoing situation in Russia, the administrative reform, involving the compulsory institutionalization of evaluation of socio-economic impact of the government. The foreign practice of estimating the state environmental monitoring and inspection activities is analyzed. The characteristic of the current national system of assessment and the directions of its development is given. Amendments to the existing system of indicators to measure compliance and enforcement of territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources are proposed. The results of testing of the proposed system of indicators for the departments of the federal districts of Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resource Usage are described.