Innovative Technical Solutions Research Articles

Improvement of roller assemblies designs of pellet and roasting carriages

The article analyzes the known designs of roller carriages used to manufacture sinter and pellets on conveyor lines. The authors analyze the design features of running and load rollers, the use of roller and ball bearings to connect rollers to the axles, various types of antifriction fillers of bearings, bearing lubrication system; blind, stuffing box and graphenite seals. The article points out the advantages and disadvantages of roller designs, the lack of standard technical solutions for the design of roller assemblies, as well as reliable methods for calculating their parts for strength and durability. To increase the service life of the rollers, after successful industrial tests, the authors propose innovative technical solutions: seals in the form of stuffing box packing made of expanded graphite fibers reinforced with steel thread; bearing antifriction filler made of PTFE, carbon fiber and graphite. The article shows that, due to axial loads during the operation of the carriages, it is impractical to use ball bearings in rollers; they should be replaced with roller bearings. The authors propose an approximate method for calculating the durability of bearings, which, unlike the existing standard methods, additionally takes into account the elastic deformation of the bogie material during thermal expansion and the size of the gaps in the assemblies of the carriages. In their calculations the authors use the experimental results on the size of the gaps in the assemblies of the carriages, the curvature of the body of the heated carriages on the conveyor line and their movement on three rollers instead of four; they take into account the change in the coefficient of linear expansion of the carriages material depending on the increase in the heating temperature of the body. The calculation results can serve as the lower limit for estimating the service life of ball bearings with antifriction filler

Scientific priorities for the use of alternative energy sources in railway transport

Alternative energy sources, mostly related to “green” energy, are one of the promising trends in the development of energy generation, including for the global railway sector. This is due, firstly, to its desire to preserve its environmental advantages by reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the environment and increasing energy efficiency, and secondly, to a reduction in the use of such sources as oil and coal as fuel resources in the coming decades.In a world where 95 % of motorized vehicles use oil as fuel, the greenhouse gas emissions per passenger-kilometer for rail transport are five times less than for road transport and 20 times less than for air transport. Therefore, one of the key tasks in the development of railway transport is the creation of high-speed highways that will serve as an alternative to road and air communications over short distances.In addition to the well-known alternative energy technologies, the railway transport traditionally conducts scientific research to improve energy-saving technologies, which include the use of excess recuperation energy when rolling stock braking.Also, projects for the use of renewable energy sources — heat pump installations — have proved their effectiveness in railway transport: heating switches from the ground, use of heat from compressors of hill complexes to heat electrical centralization posts and heat transformers of traction substations for its own needs.The role of alternative energy sources in railway transport is constantly growing. The efficiency of using alternative energy sources at the Russian Railways is largely determined by a scientific approach that allows, based on own experience or experience in introducing innovations in related industries, to determine the place, time and degree of their implementation, taking into account technical and technological features of production processes inherent in a particular structural unit companies. Among the innovative technical solutions in railway transport, the most priority ones are solutions aimed at the development of high-speed lines, recuperation systems, as well as heat pump technologies.

Analysis of roller designs for sintering and firing machines

The article analyzes the known constructions of roller units of carts for the manufacture of agglomerate and pellets on conveyor lines. The article points out the advantages and disadvantages of roller designs, the lack of standard technical solutions for the design of roller assemblies, as well as reliable methods for calculating their parts for strength and durability. To increase the life of the rollers, the authors, after successful industrial tests, offer innovative technical solutions: seals in the form of stuffing boxes made of expanded graphite fibers reinforced with steel thread; bearing antifriction filler made from polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon fiber and graphite. The article shows that due to axial loads during the operation of the bogies, it is impractical to use ball bearings in the ball, they should be replaced with roller bearings. The authors propose an approximate method for calculating the durability of bearings, which additionally takes into account the elastic deformation of the material of the bogies during their thermal expansion and the gaps in the nodes of the bogies. The authors use the calculation of experimental results on the size of the gaps in the nodes of the bogies, the curvature of the body of the heated bogies on the conveyor line and their movement on three rollers instead of four, take into account the change in the coefficient of linear expansion of the material of the bogie depending on the increase in the heating temperature of the case.

Роль науково-технічного супроводу при будівництві автомобільних доріг

Introduction. The analysis of the situation of development of science in the construction industry of Ukraine in the conditions of limited financing of research works at the state level is given. The situation of the issue of compliance of the regulatory base of Ukraine with the requirements of current legislation and the need for constant revision of the requirements for ensuring the reliability and safety of construction sites in the relevant regulations. It is determined that the development of science in the construction industry of Ukraine significantly depends on the creation of conditions for practical and mobile application of innovative technical solutions that require scientific substantiation in assessing the reliability and safety of construction sites. The issue of conducting scientific and technical support of construction sites at different stages of the life cycle is considered. The need to give a new status to the existing procedures for assessing the compliance of innovative technical solutions for their widespread implementation, which will help ensure scientific and technological progress in the construction industry of Ukraine as a whole. Problem Statement. Science has always been an important factor and prerequisite for the development of education, culture, and advanced training. Without the creation of scientific potential, an effective market economy simply cannot develop. Modern science is not only the main form of knowledge of the laws of nature and their use for the benefit of society, but also the most important tool of every person. It is established that the level of development of science and technology is a determining factor in the progress of society, improving the welfare of citizens, their spiritual and intellectual growth. Accordingly, the state should support scientific and scientific-technical activities as a source of economic growth and stimulate the use of the achievements of domestic and world science and technology to meet social, economic, cultural and other needs. Purpose. Defining the basic methodological principles of construction in modern conditions of scientific activity aimed at ensuring the reliability and safety of construction sites. Materials and methods. The importance of scientific and technical support is manifested not only at the stage of design, construction and operation of roads, but also during the monitoring of roads and man-made structures, monitoring their residual life, timely prevention of accidents and emergencies in the operation of existing roads. New construction, reconstruction, repair and operation of roads are always based on scientific and technical achievements and are based on an updated regulatory framework. At the same time, many urgent scientific and technical issues are solved in the process of experimental construction. Results. It is shown that scientific and technical support at the present stage is the main source of new experience, which should be further implemented in the relevant regulations. The necessity of carrying out scientific and technical support by scientific organizations, which are at the same time developers of relevant normative acts and normative documents, is substantiated. The experience of the «Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise» («DerzhdorNDI» SE) on solving problems of scientific activity development is given. Conclusions. Scientific and technical research of the resource of construction objects is reflected in the generalization of the problem of the resource in various sectors of the economy. Based on the experience gained in the construction industry, a number of measures have been taken to strengthen the role of scientific and technical support in the development of the industry.

Experimental Researches on the Depollution of Wastewater by Forced Oxygenation and Ozonation

The paper analyses two experimental variants regarding the treatment of wastewater for depollution by aeration, oxygenation and forced ozonation. The hydrodynamic conditions and the initial data are the same for the two aeration variants. The research was realized with the help of a modern laboratory installation and it was followed the duration in which the value of the initial concentration of dissolved oxygen in water reaches the saturation point. It has been found that when the aeration was performed using a mixture of air and ozone, the duration is reduced by half, but at the same time the method is much more expensive. Also, an innovative technical solution has been presented for the anti-clogging of the micro-orifices of the used aeration diffusers.

A Generation of Innovative Technical Ideas and Solutions as an Important Component of the KOMAG Strategy

Abstract The article presents some strategic aspects of the KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology in the field of creating innovative ideas and innovative technical solutions concerning machinery and devices for mining and preparation of minerals as regards their operational safety, productivity and reliability. Special attention is paid to a process of stimulating innovative ideas in a creative atmosphere, as KOMAG researchers and engineers are encouraged to be open-minded and to think in an unconventional way. Two examples of innovative technical solutions are described in detail, i.e. the water-and-air dust control system and the KOMTRACK haulage system for highly productive longwall systems of a new generation. The article contributes significantly to Innovation Engineering which is an important component of Production Engineering in the scope of generating and implementing innovative solutions. The authors presented an ecosystem of innovations, describing several methods of creating innovative ideas. The article concentrates on a role of Polish research institutes which play a key role in creating and implementing innovative solutions, bridging science and industry. Due to an analysis of different methods of generating innovative technical ideas and solutions, it can be concluded that an idea and a need of generating an innovative solution may appear in the research institute or at the industrial partner’s organization. In the case of the KOMAG multi-year experience and practice industrial partners include not only producers of mining machinery and equipment, but also representatives of mines of minerals. In general an innovative idea is generated in the result of an inspiration from the business environment and then it is transformed into an innovative product or service. The article contains the authors’ practical recommendations as regards a creation of innovative technical solutions. It is ended with a summary of general character and with some final conclusions.

Development and Application of Advanced Technological Solutions within Construction of Experimental Vehicle

Changing market requirements, pressure to minimize production costs, competition, but also legislative restrictions have an impact on a number of areas, not excluding the automotive industry. Currently, development trends are moving towards the application of advanced technological solutions and materials, with the aim to reduce vehicle‘s weight, increase their strength and safety, and at the same time reduce the emission of vehicles. The Shell Eco Marathon competition is an excellent platform for the implementation of these activities. The main goal of the competition is to support the creative invention of research teams and bring innovative ideas and technical solutions. The scientific article focuses on a detailed analysis of development steps in the construction of experimental vehicles. The results of the research were presented at a competition in London 2019 with successful achievement. This work is a contribution to the design and aerodynamic optimization of the body and at the same time brings new ideas and structural elements to improve the production power unit.

Improvement of Operational and Repair Technology of Machine Design in Technical Service by Developing Innovative Constructive Technical Solutions

The increasing importance of technical maintenance (MOT) of tractors and cars (energy) is indicated by statistics not only from our country, but also data from other countries. At machine-building plants, 8 … 12% of workers are engaged in maintenance and repair. Their number is growing day by day as a result of the high laboriousness of maintenance machines. For example, in the last ten years, the number of industrial workers has increased by 50%, and the number of people employed in maintenance and repairs has increased by 220%. Therefore, reducing the complexity of maintenance or its exclusion by developing the optimal technical design solution, given by us below, becomes relevant.

Point-of-Care Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Precision Dosing of Immunosuppressive Drugs.

Immunosuppressive drugs (ISD) are an essential tool in the treatment of transplant rejection and immune-mediated diseases. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for determination of ISD concentrations in biological samples is an important instrument for dose personalization for improving efficacy while reducing side effects. While currently ISD concentration measurements are performed at specialized, centralized facilities, making the process complex and laborious for the patient, various innovative technical solutions have recently been proposed for bringing TDM to the point-of-care (POC). In this review, we evaluate current ISD-TDM and its value, limitations, and proposed implementations. Then, we discuss the potential of POC-TDM in the era of personalized medicine, and provide an updated review on the unmet needs and available technological solutions for the development of POC-TDM devices for ISD monitoring. Finally, we provide concrete suggestions for the generation of a meaningful and more patient-centric process for ISD monitoring. POC-based ISD monitoring may improve clinical care by reducing turnaround time, by enabling more frequent measurements in order to obtain meaningful pharmacokinetic data (i.e., area under the curve) faster reaction in case of problems and by increasing patient convenience and compliance. The analysis of the ISD-TDM field prompts the evolution of POC testing toward the development of fully integrated platforms able to support clinical decision-making. We identify 4 major areas requiring careful combined implementation: patient usability, data meaningfulness, clinicians' acceptance, and cost-effectiveness.

Bio-inspired design: the impact of collaboration between engineers and biologists on analogical transfer and ideation

To develop innovative technical solutions, designers seek inspiration from nature and its almost infinite pool of biological solutions. However, understanding biological solutions and transferring appropriate analogies to develop technical solutions pose a considerable challenge. A strategy to facilitate interdisciplinary understanding is collaboration between engineers and biologists. So far, the impact of this type of collaboration on analogical transfer and ideation has not been studied in an experimental setting. To close this research gap, this work examines design experiments with engineer–biologist pairs, half of whom were provided with a support for analogical transfer (BioId Support). Engineer–biologist pairs were compared to single disciplinary pairs with regards to the transfer of selected analogy categories. The impact of the transferred analogy categories on the quality of solution ideas was analysed—quality was regarded as an indicator for the solution ideas’ innovative potential. The results show a positive influence of the supported collaboration between engineers and biologists on the transferred analogy categories. These analogy categories positively influence the quality of solution ideas. This work indicates benefits of collaboration between engineers and biologists for bio-inspired design. In addition, it provides a starting point for improving bio-inspired design methods.

Building defects in new iconic structures: the technical challenge and the economic impact of restoring the Jubilee Church in Rome

ABSTRACT The Jubilee Church is a contemporary building located on the eastern outskirts of Rome, Italy. Featuring components with non-standard geometries and innovative technical solutions, the church is now suffering from extensive and premature decay, despite having opened only 16 years ago. This research project aims to use data on premature ageing patterns and the consequent refurbishment of the Jubilee Church to reimagine its failings as a valuable learning. Following the appraisal of the building process and detailed analysis of its failing components and materials, this study calculates the economic impact of the building’s premature decay. These data are interpreted to assess the economic feasibility of the ordinary maintenance of the building and the technical practicability of its restoration. This study demonstrates how the accelerated decay of such a contemporary building is due to several factors, including construction detailing that ignores characteristics of local weather, lack of ordinary maintenance due to excessive costs unaffordable for a small parish in the outskirts of Rome and untested materials not suitable for use in components with specific geometry. The paper aims to extend the value of this case study by highlighting some recommendations that can inform wider maintenance procedures for buildings with similar geometric and material characteristics.

Thermal engineering of optical mirrors for use at cryogenic temperature inside a LHC magnet cryostat

In the frame of the HL-LHC project, innovative technical solutions are sought to measure accurately the position of the magnet helium vessel inside the cryostat. To this end, a system based on laser-interferometry is being designed to monitor the displacement of the vessel through dedicated openings in the new HL-LHC magnet cryostats. In order to test such a system on a full-scale setup in representative operating conditions, a LHC dipole cryostat was modified to integrate the system optical lines of sight and the reflective mirrors were mounted onto the magnet helium vessel.Upon the first cool down of the magnet to 80 K, severe ice-like condensation started forming on the reflective surface of the mirrors hence making the system unusable at cold. This was attributed to the condensation of the residual gas remaining in the cryostat insulation vacuum on the mirror surface. In this configuration the mirrors acted as local “cold spots” since they were purposefully sticking out of the multi-layer insulation (MLI) that is otherwise covering the magnet helium vessel.In order to cope with this condensation issue, a dedicated study was carried out to design and manufacture a passive temperature regulation system based on a thermal insulating support and a thermal radiation intercept in order to keep the mirrors just above the expected freezing temperature in operational conditions.This paper details the thermal engineering study leading to the design of the insulated mirrors and presents the technical solution retained as well as the latest test results.

Atmospheric Density and Temperature Vertical Profile Retrieval for Flight-Tests with a Rayleigh Lidar On-Board the French Advanced Test Range Ship Monge

The Advanced Test Range Ship Monge (ATRSM) is dedicated to in-flight measurements during the re-entry phase of ballistic missiles test flights. Atmospheric density measurements from 15 to 110 km are provided using one of the world’s largest Rayleigh lidars. This lidar is the culmination of three decades of French research experience in lidar technologies, developed within the framework of the global Network for Detection of Atmospheric and Climate Changes (NDACC), and opens opportunities for high resolution Rayleigh lidar studies above 90 km. The military objective of the ATRSM project is to provide near real time estimates of the atmospheric relative density profile, with an error budget of less than 10% at 90 km altitude, given a temporal integration of 15 min and a vertical resolution of 500 m. To achieve this aim we have developed a unique lidar system which exploits six laser transmitters and a constellation of eight receiving telescopes which maximises the lidar power-aperture product. This system includes a mix of standard commercially available optical components and electronics as well as some innovative technical solutions. We have provided a detailed assessment of some of the more unique aspects of the ATRSM lidar.

APPLICATION OF DESIGN APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES

The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the energy sector in Ukraine, as well as in European countries. Existing approaches to energy production are shown. The situation in Ukraine has changed in recent years. Energy production has shifted from centralized to distributed. The emergence of new types of power plants has made it possible to connect to the grid in places where it was previously impossible, a large number of consumers already have their own power units. Therefore, managing the energy network is becoming increasingly complex and therefore requires new approaches. The normative and legislative beginning of the active development of alternative energy in Ukraine already exists, and European and world experience should help Ukraine achieve energy independence and high environmental standards. Existing problems in the development of power grids arise due to the intensive growth of production and consumption of electricity, while the management of power systems is complicated by the growing share of distributed and renewable energy sources with changing production schedule. Improved controllability of electrical networks allows to prevent emergencies by load control programs, division of the network into autonomous zones, etc. Investment is a crucial factor in creating a flexible and efficient power grid based on innovative technical solutions. Implementation of energy efficiency projects is a guideline for improving the intelligent level of the energy system, which will allow energy companies to manage the energy network as a single system, increase profitability, reliability and uninterrupted, reduce technical and commercial losses, improve network management and efficiency. An important role is played by the interaction of all stakeholders in projects - the state, production, energy and energy sales companies, consumers and equipment manufacturers. Thus, the international experience in the transmission and distribution of electricity creates opportunities for successfully implementing projects for the introduction of energy-efficient technologies in our Ukraine.

Utilization of mine water of Kryvbas as an imperative for sustainable development of Dnipropetrovsk region

Sustainable development is a wide area of scientific discourse based on the interdisciplinary approach that integrates research in the natural, technical and social sciences. It is a multidimensional concept that reveals complex interactions between society, economy and environment. This work highlights problems of sustainable development of old industrial regions with the dominance of the mining industry. The latter creates a high human burden on the environment and leads to ecological and social problems. One of the most important tasks of ensuring the long-term environmental sustainability of the Dnipropetrovsk region in Ukraine is utilization of highly mineralized mine water of Kryvbas. From the standpoint of sustainable development, mine water should be considered as a hydro-mineral resource of many valuable components including bromine. In this work we justify the creation of bromine production from mine water of Kryvbas. Potential profitability of the production is largely based on innovative technical and technological solutions. We examine the market and many aspects of the pilot project, including its technological, investment and economic specifics. We highlight the relevance of this project and suggest a possibility for its implementation within the regional strategy framework.

Mechanisms of bacterial conversion and degradation of pharma pollutants from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Recently, there has been a steady increase in fundamental interest in studying the degree of bioavailability and toxic effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on natural microorganisms, which play the role of a primary response system to the xenobiotic load in the environment. Employing the bioresources of the Regional Specialised Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms (IEGM, Large-Scale Research Facilities number 73559, WDCM # 768, http://www.iegmcol.ru), the ability of actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus to decompose complex aromatic compounds that constitute the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) widely used for medical purposes was first established. Active biodegraders of diclofenac and ibuprofen, which dominate among NSAIDs detected in the natural environment and pose the greatest potential risk to hydrobiota and humans, were selected. The kinetics and main characteristics of the biodegradation process of the tested pharmaceutical pollutants were investigated depending on the physiological state and culture conditions of their biodegraders. Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases were shown to participate in the initial oxidation of the pharma pollutants. The products of bacterial decomposition of the ecotoxicants were identified, the pathways of their biodegradation were characterized, and the mathematical models of the process of complete bacterial degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants in high concentrations were described. For the first time, evidence for the C-N bond breaking and aromatic ring opening in the diclofenac structure accompanied by the formation of metabolites harmless to living organisms was obtained. Potential bioactivity of individual metabolites of diclofenac and ibuprofen was evaluated. The most typical reactions of rhodococci exposed to NSAIDs were as follows: changes in the zeta potential, morphometric parameters and degree of hydrophobicity of bacterial cells, an increased content of total cellular lipids, and the formation of bacterial associates. The obtained results are considered to be mechanisms of rhodococci adaptation and their increased resistance to toxic effects of the pharmaceutical pollutants tested. The obtained fundamental data elucidate the environmental role of rhodococci in detoxification of pharma pollutants and underpin the implementation of innovative technical solutions for advanced pharmaceutical sewage treatment and the pharmaceutical waste disposal.

Delivering distribution system flexibility through micro-resilience

This study introduces the specific grid challenges faced at each of four micro-resilence sites and provides an overview of the innovative technical solutions deployed to improve grid flexibility, resilience and improve the distribution system operator customer experience. The sites were chosen due to their remote locations and reliance on a reliable electrical service due to dependent customers or lifesaving functions. Therefore, in addition to providing flexible grid services, when grid connected, there is also the opportunity to provide a reliable electrical supply to islanded pockets when there are high-voltage grid outages. The solution architecture and functions of technology such as the two-terminal power electronic devices (PEDs) and microgrid controller (MGC) are described. The combination of an energy storage system, distributed energy resources and PEDs will provide essential grid support functionality with co-ordination of devices, islanded status and data logging handled by a dedicated MGC. Also presented is the application of the Open Field Message Bus, open-standards communications framework for a field message bus, and a description of the specific interoperability use cases demonstrated within the project. This study provides valuable insights into a leading innovation project, delivered on operational networks to address practical customer issues through flexibility.

Инновационно-технические решения для нефтегазовых трубопроводных устройств

Инновационно-технические решения для нефтегазовых трубопроводных устройств

Die Bauinstallationen im Baulos SBT 3.1

AbstractOn contract SBT3.1 of the Semmering Base Tunnel, the intermediate access point at Grautschenhof had to be relocated late in the tender design phase due to new geological findings. One consequence of this was the limited space available on the new construction site area. A number of complementary measures were considered by the client in the tender. Supplemented by innovative technical solutions from the SBT 3.1 Grautschenhof joint venture, it was possible to establish a functioning logistics system for four conventional excavations in the tightest of spaces.

Preface

Conference «Materials Science, Engineering and Energy: Problems and Prospects of Development» (MSEE’2019)The conference serves as a platform for discussing advanced and innovative technical solutions in various fields of modern materials science, engineering and energy. The purpose of the conference is the presentation of innovative approaches in the development of integration solutions in engineering and technology, as well as in interdisciplinary research. Key topics of the conference cover priority areas of research in the field of technical and related sciences and take into account global development trends.MSEE’2019 topics are based on sustainability, with close attention paid to all forms of engineering professions and research tools, including the following topics:1. New materials and technologies for their production2. Design, processing and quality control of machines and mechanisms3. Problems of traditional and alternative energy4. Actual problems of modeling and automation of technological processes in mechanical engineering5. Additive technology6. Methods for creating coatings and thin films