Innovative Materials Research Articles

Innovative Teaching Materials for Balaghah: Enhancing Literary Appreciation through Syawahid Adabiyah in Ilmu Badi'

Innovative Teaching Materials for Balaghah: Enhancing Literary Appreciation through Syawahid Adabiyah in Ilmu Badi'

Revolutionizing Chemistry and Material Innovation: An Iterative Theoretical-Experimental Paradigm Leveraged by Robotic AI Chemists

Revolutionizing Chemistry and Material Innovation: An Iterative Theoretical-Experimental Paradigm Leveraged by Robotic AI Chemists

Sustainable innovations in biomedical materials: A review of eco-friendly synthesis approaches

In recent years, the biomedical field has witnessed significant advancements at the intersection of technology and biology. Metallic, polymeric, and carbonaceous materials have emerged as crucial components in developing and enhancing cutting-edge technologies. The properties of these materials, such as particle size, stability, and surface chemistry, are determined by their synthesis methods, which, in turn, enable specific applications. These materials are primarily synthesized through top-down and bottom-up techniques, each characterized by distinct preparation conditions, precursor materials, and catalytic processes. However, conventional synthesis methods often require substantial energy consumption, hazardous solvents, and non-renewable precursors, leading to environmental concerns and long-term costs. This review aims to provide an overview of the primary approaches and recent efforts to optimize the production and preparation processes of nanomaterials for biomedical applications. It addresses the advantages and limitations of green synthesis methods compared to traditional chemical and physical methods, offering an objective overview of green synthesis. In addition, it provides insights into the pre-clinical and clinical statuses of various nanomaterials. These efforts aim to mitigate the environmental impact of biomedical material synthesis by adopting eco-friendly strategies, such as minimizing energy consumption, utilizing environmentally friendly precursors, and embracing environmentally benign catalytic methodologies, while still leveraging traditional techniques.

Synthesis and characterization of machine learning designed TADF molecules

In this study, we present a novel approach to the development of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules with potentials for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications, leveraging machine learning (ML) algorithms to guide the materials design process. Recognizing the imperative for high-efficiency, low-cost emissive materials, we integrated ML driven models with experimental characterization to expedite the discovery of TADF compounds. Initially, a database of ML-designed TADF molecules was employed, with samples being approved to possess optimized photophysical properties. The proposed molecules were synthesized using palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Subsequent characterization of these molecules utilized a suite of analytical methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and transient PL decay etc., to confirm their structural integrity and evaluate their performance metrics. The photophysical analysis revealed notable emission efficiencies and significant delayed fluorescence characteristics in solution phases, underscoring the potential of ML-designed TADF molecules. Theoretical validations, through quantum chemical calculations, corroborated the experimental findings, demonstrating the predictive power of our ML models. This interdisciplinary approach not only accelerates the pace of TADF molecule development but also provides a scalable framework for future material innovation especially in the OLED research field.

Bacterial comparison study of prosthetic liners.

Amputee patients in low-resource settings face a heightened risk of skin infections at the skin-liner interface of their residual limb, which can develop into a variety of serious complications. Most research comparing prosthetic liners has focused on mechanical and aesthetic properties. However, the relative propensity of different liner types to host bacterial growth has yet to be explored. To address this question, we performed a bacterial comparison study across a traditional sock-EVA combination liner, an advanced Ossur Iceross silicone liner, and a novel silicone liner designed for low-resource hospitals in developing nations. We cultured Staphylococcus aureus within a novel physical model of the skin-liner interface, incorporating a replicate skin layer suspended over a self-regulating heat source. After culturing bacteria for 24 h, we collected and quantified cells in solution. Statistical analysis of the bacterial growth concentration from 9 trials revealed relative consistency of growth across the 3 liner types, suggesting that none of the liners pose heightened risks of infection, relative to the others. These results suggest that certain innovative prosthetic materials may safely be considered for fabrication of prosthetic liners in low-resource environments. The in vitro skin-liner model and test method for bacterial growth characterization introduced herein may be useful for future dermatological simulations.

Realizing high-performance four active plasmonic filters using a single structure

This research aims to contribute significantly to the field of plasmonic filtering technology within modern optical communication systems. By focusing on the development of a high-performance, more compact, and efficient design, this study explores the potential of hybrid plasmonic filters to revolutionize optical filtering applications. The approach leverages an innovative active material with electrically tunable permittivity, allowing for dynamic control over the filter’s optical properties. The research specifically examines four types of filters: low-pass filters (LPF), high-pass filters (HPF), band-pass filters (BPF), and band-reject filters (BRF). These filters are designed to operate effectively across a broad wavelength range of 1200–1800 nm, achieving a transmittance exceeding 98% at the output port, while maintaining isolation with transmittance below 2% at the isolated ports. The structure demonstrates a FWHM of approximately 216 nm for the band-pass filter and approximately 223 nm for the band-reject filter, which are considered moderate values, ensuring the versatility and multifunctionality of the design. The ultra-compact size, with a footprint of just 21 µm2, makes these filters particularly advantageous for integration into space-constrained optical communication systems.

Candle soot nanoparticles covered femtosecond laser-induced graphene toward multifunctional wooden houses

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is an innovative material that can be used in the construction of smart wood houses due to its high electrical and thermal conductivity. However, potential practical challenges such as fire hazards, and the complexity of daily cleaning are limitations in such an application. In this study, we utilized femtosecond laser direct writing technology to create femtosecond laser-induced graphene (FLIG) on flame retardant cork. The FLIG surface was then coated with multi-scale candle soot particles to incorporate carbon black (CB-FLIG) superhydrophobic surface properties. Here we demonstrate CB-FLIG as a raw material for electronic components in multifunctional wooden houses. The infrared emissivity of the CB-FLIG surface was as high as 97.2 % and the electric heating performance was good. As such, it can be used as an electric heater in the winter, and we achieved room temperature control at a comfortable 24.9 °C with 4 V voltage in a model house. Also, the water contact angle was 151.2°, giving CB-FLIG self-cleaning properties. Ultimately, we demonstrate the application of CB-FLIG in the field of smart home components such as electrical wiring, electric heaters, fire protection, and self-cleaning, increasing functionality while reducing the need for routine maintenance. This study lays a robust foundation for state-of-the-art devices within smart timber houses and significantly propels the development of versatile, interconnected wooden dwellings.

Return to Sports After Arthroplasty

Arthroplasty of the hip has become one of the most successful surgical interventions and has seen significant advancements over the last century. With these developments, patient expectations have shifted from merely achieving pain-free daily mobility to anticipating a full recovery, including the ability to participate in sports. This shift has driven innovations in prosthetic materials and surgical techniques, such as the development of wear-resistant materials like highly cross-linked polyethylene and the adoption of minimally invasive procedures to enhance recovery.However, concerns persist among patients about the risks of resuming sports postoperatively, particularly the fear of prosthesis-related accidents or failures. A survey of 300 German surgeons identified periprosthetic fractures as the greatest risk, followed by polyethylene wear and implant loosening. The study also examines osteoporosis as a risk factor, suggesting that while sports can help prevent periprosthetic osteoporosis, high-energy trauma may increase the severity of injuries. Although modern prosthetic materials have reduced wear and improved durability, the type and intensity of physical activity continue to influence prosthesis longevity.Therefore, it is recommended that low-impact sports be resumed 3-6 months postoperatively, while high-impact sports should be approached with caution, particularly during the first year after surgery, to minimize the risk of complications. Coordination training before and after surgery is also emphasized to reduce the risk of falls and injuries. In summary, the study highlights that high-impact sports cannot be generally recommended, as coordination deficits may persist for up to 12 months following total hip replacement. Such activities should only be considered later-on and only by patients who are experienced in these specific sports.

Polycrystalline magneto-optical transparent Pr2Zr2O7 pyrochlore ceramic for Faraday rotation.

To design an innovative magneto-optical material aimed at a large Verdet constant coincides with the development trend of state-of-the-art modern optical devices. In this work, a magneto-optical transparent Pr2Zr2O7 ceramic with pyrochlore structure was successfully fabricated by vacuum sintering plus hydrogen reduction for the first time to our knowledge. The two- and three-dimensional images observed on the laser scanning confocal microscopy reveal that the grain-boundary dent depth of the polished Pr2Zr2O7 ceramic is only ∼1.6 µm upon thermal etching at a high temperature of 1675°C for 2 h, showing excellent heat-resistance ability. The crystal-clear Pr2Zr2O7 ceramic has a high in-line transmittance of ∼71.6% at 780 nm (∼92.3% of the theoretical value), a high refractive index of ∼2.1, and an effective magnetic moment of ∼5.28 µ B. In the visible region, the O2- polarizability and optical basicity of the Pr2Zr2O7 compound generally retain constants around 2.37 ± 0.07 Å3 and 0.965 ± 0.015, respectively. The magneto-optical transparent Pr2Zr2O7 ceramic exhibits high Verdet constants of -336 ± 4, -208 ± 3, -108 ± 1, and -48 ± 2 rad·T-1·m-1 at 515, 635, 780, and 1064 nm, respectively, which were ∼1.55-fold higher than the commercial Tb3Ga5O12 single crystal. Our developed new-type ceramic material has excellent potential application for Faraday rotation.

EXPLORING ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEXT-GENERATION ELECTRIC POWERTRAINS

In the rapidly evolving electric vehicle industry, the study of electromechanical systems in next-generation electric powertrains is of particular relevance. This is driven by the need to enhance energy efficiency, reduce costs, and improve the reliability of vehicles. The article examines the role of innovative materials, advanced design methods, and control algorithms in creating high-efficiency and reliable electric powertrains. Specifically, the impact of nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes on reducing motor weight and increasing heat dissipation is analyzed, contributing to improved efficiency and extended driving range. The adoption of additive manufacturing (3D printing) and digital twins accelerates prototyping and component optimization in electric powertrains. Adaptive control algorithms ensure optimal system performance in real-time, enhancing overall efficiency and reliability. Research methods included the analysis of modern materials and technologies, prototyping using additive manufacturing, and the implementation of predictive and adaptive control algorithms. The results demonstrate significant improvements in the performance of electric powertrains due to the use of innovative materials and cutting-edge design technologies. Conclusions confirm that the application of advanced materials and adaptive control algorithms is critical for ensuring the sustainable development of the electric vehicle industry. Future research prospects focus on further refining materials and technologies to enhance scalability and reduce production costs, making electric powertrains more accessible and efficient.

Strain distribution prediction in UHPC beams using deep learning model

AbstractOver the last three decades, ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) has emerged as a highly innovative cementitious engineering material. This paper utilizes a distributed fiber optic sensor based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) combined with the deep learning model to monitor and predict the strain distribution in UHPC T‐beams subjected to two point bending experiment. These sensors are deployed on the side surfaces of the UHPC T‐beams to capture the strain distribution when subjected to vertical loads, facilitating the determination of crack locations based on strain distribution peaks. While time series modeling is widely used in civil engineering to monitor potential damage using sensor data, its application in tracking and predicting known cracks is less explored. To address this gap, a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model is developed to forecast the increase in the peak value of the strain distribution prior to structural damage, thus predicting crack initiation. The accuracy of the proposed LSTM model in predicting the UHPC strain distribution was thoroughly investigated. The results demonstrate excellent agreement between the predicted strain distributions and those detected by the ODISI 6000 monitoring system. The root‐mean‐square errors of the model‐predicted strains are generally below 10 με, with an average coefficient of determination (R2) reaching up to 98%, indicating a high degree of accuracy.

Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Separation: Innovations in Materials, Fabrication, and Industrial Applications

Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Separation: Innovations in Materials, Fabrication, and Industrial Applications

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS HUBS IN UKRAINE

Logistics, as a key element of modern supply chains, is increasingly becoming the subject of deep engineering research and development. The construction of logistics complexes in today's world is a critical aspect for the development and functioning of global economic systems, as it allows optimizing supply chains and organizing logistics processes to meet the high standards of consumers and business partners. Logistics complexes play a crucial role in global trade by ensuring the fast and efficient delivery of goods. The growth of e-commerce volumes enhances their significance, requiring more space for the storage and processing of goods. These complexes are strategically important for enterprises as they contribute to efficiency improvement, delivery time reduction, and cost optimization. Logistic infrastructures provide flexibility to respond to changing market conditions and support competitiveness at the international level. Accordingly, the construction of logistics complexes plays a strategic role in economic development and supports global business. Objective: The work aims to assess, analyze, and justify organizational-technical factors in optimizing the construction of logistics complexes. Research Object: Construction of logistics complexes as part of modern supply chains and their role in global economic systems. Research Subject: Organizational-technical factors influencing the process of construction of logistics complexes, as well as methods for their optimization to enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of logistic systems. Presentation of Material: To achieve the research objective, the following tasks were performed: analyzed the current state of warehouse logistics in Ukraine and the role of logistic hubs; analyzed the impact of innovative and sustainable materials on the construction of logistics complexes; studied the provision of flexibility and adaptability of logistics complexes to changing market conditions; analyzed resource utilization during construction. Research Results: The research results focus on improving organizational and technological aspects of the construction of logistics complexes through effective management of construction processes, implementation of innovative technologies, and optimization of resource utilization. Such measures contribute to increased productivity and competitiveness of logistic systems, as well as sustainable development and enhanced efficiency of the supply chain.

Enhanced Stability and Properties of Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide Supramolecular Copolymers through Engineered Coupled Equilibria.

Improving the stability of multi-component and functional assemblies such as supramolecular copolymers without impeding their dynamicity is key for their implementation as innovative materials. Up to now, this has been achieved by a trial-and-error approach, requiring the time-consuming characterization of a series of supramolecular coassemblies. We report herein that this is possible to significantly enhance the stability of supramolecular copolymers by a minimal change in the chemical nature of one of the interacting monomers. This is achieved by replacing an ester function by an ether function in the structure of a chiral benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) monomer, used as "sergeant", coassembled with achiral monomers, the "soldiers". Pseudo-phase diagrams, constructed by probing the nature of the coassemblies with multifarious analytical techniques, confirm that the greater stability of the resulting copolymers is mainly due to the minimization of competing species. This leads to better rheological and catalytic properties of the corresponding supramolecular copolymers. Favouring coassembly over undesired assembly pathways must be considered as a blueprint for the development of better-performing supramolecular multi-component systems.

Influence of bio-aggregates on the physical and hygrothermal properties of bio-concretes

The escalating demand for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings has driven research into innovative construction materials such as bio-concrete. This study assesses the influence of bio-aggregates such as bamboo particles, wood shavings, and rice husk in volume ranging from 40 % to 50 % on bio-concrete's physical and hygrothermal properties. Three bio-concrete types were fabricated: Bamboo Bio-Concrete (BBC), Wood Bio-Concrete (WBC) and Rice Husk Bio-Concrete (RHBC), while maintaining a constant cementitious matrix and varying the bio-aggregate volume. In order to characterize the bio-concretes various analyses and tests were carried out such as scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses and Moisture Buffer Value (MBV) tests for bio-aggregates in addition to tests for apparent density, thermal conductivity, capillary water absorption, drying index test, MBV and water vapor permeability (WVP) for the studied bio-concretes. Results reveal that despite diverse microstructural characteristics, all bio-aggregates exhibited MBV values above 3.0 [g/ (m2% RH)], highlighting their role in determining hygrothermal properties. An increase in bio-aggregate volume led to improved hygrothermal properties for bio-concretes (thermal conductivity between 0.19 and 0.25 W/m.K and MBV and WVP in the range of 2.31–3.79 [g/ (m2.% RH)] and 1.11–1.97 × 10−11 [kg/(m.s. Pa)] respectively). Bamboo bio-concrete consistently exhibited higher density values, while rice husk bio-concrete demonstrated superior moisture dynamics and water vapor permeability. Wood bio-concretes exhibit intermediate behavior between bamboo and rice husk bio-concrete. A statistical analysis confirmed these trends. The study underscores bio-concrete's potential for passive hygrothermal regulation in internal building applications, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency and sustainable construction practices.

Investigation on the wear characteristics of 3D printed graphene-reinforced PLA composites

In recent years, the growing need for multifunctional materials with customized features has fueled the development of innovative materials and production processes. Graphene, recognized for its superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics, has shown considerable promise in a variety of applications. This research focuses on the manufacture and characterisation of graphene-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites using material extrusion. The composites were created by melting PLA pellets with graphene nanoplatelets and then 3D printing them together. Pin-on-disc tests were used to analyze wear behavior, and the graphene-reinforced PLA demonstrated a 55% increase in wear resistance when compared to clean PLA. This increase is linked to the creation of protective layers during frictional sliding, as well as graphene’s lubricating characteristics. The microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and statistical analysis revealed the influence of printing settings and load conditions on wear performance and surface morphology. Overall, the work illustrates the promise of graphene-reinforced PLA composites for applications requiring high wear resistance, as seen by considerable quantitative gains over unmodified PLA.

Recent advances in nanomaterial-enabled chemiresistive hydrogen sensors.

With the growing adoption of hydrogen energy and the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, there is an increasing demand for high-performance hydrogen gas (H2) sensors. Among various sensor types, chemiresistive H2 sensors have emerged as particularly promising due to their excellent sensitivity, fast response times, cost-effectiveness, and portability. This review comprehensively examines the recent progress in chemiresistive H2 sensors, focusing on developments over the past five years in nanostructured materials such as metals, metal oxide semiconductors, and emerging alternatives. This review delves into the underlying sensing mechanisms, highlighting the enhancement strategies that have been employed to improve sensing performance. Finally, current challenges are identified, and future research directions are proposed to address the limitations of existing chemiresistive H2 sensor technologies. This work provides a critical synthesis of the most recent advancements, offering valuable insights into both current challenges and future directions. Its emphasis on innovative material designs and sensing strategies will significantly contribute to the ongoing development of next-generation H2 sensors, fostering safer and more efficient energy applications.

Stylistic evolution and innovation of contemporary sculpture at the 14th National Art Exhibition of China

This article analyzes the significant features and internal logic of the development of contemporary Chinese sculpture in terms of stylistic evolution and innovation, on the example of sculptural works presented at the 14th National Art Exhibition of China. The analysis of the exhibited pieces allows us to discuss the pluralistic development of contemporary Chinese sculpture, and how it adapts to contemporary needs and reinvents its tradition through themes, traditional or innovative materials, and artistic expression. As research has shown, modern sculpture persistently extends its frontiers, not only reflecting varied transformations and elements of society and culture but also achieving significant breakthroughs in artistic language and methods of expression. Contemporary sculpture nowadays thus acquires new meanings and vitality, which is essential for its sustainable and consistent development.

A Survey of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology in 3D Printing

This survey provides a thorough examination of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a prevalent 3D printing technology known for its accessibility and versatility. FDM has emerged as a transformative tool across various industries, including healthcare, aerospace, automotive, and education. This paper reviews recent advancements in FDM technology, focusing on material innovations, process optimization, and application areas. We analyze the benefits and limitations of FDM, including print quality, speed, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. Furthermore, we explore emerging trends and future directions in FDM research, highlighting the potential for enhanced customization, sustainability, and integration with other manufacturing technologies. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of FDM's current landscape and its implications for future developments in 3D printing.

A 3D anisotropic multifunctional composite organohydrogel for advanced fire protection and monitoring

Fires pose significant risks, leading to loss of life, property, and cultural heritage. Conventional fire protection materials encounter challenges in efficiency and intelligent monitoring, compounded by secondary hazards such as falls and impacts. Hence, there's increasing demand for innovative protective materials that combine robust mechanics, fire suppression, and advanced detection. In this study, we explore the use of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified 3D spacer fabrics as a reinforcing phase within a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerol organohydrogel (OHG) matrix, forming a novel 3D fabric-reinforced anisotropic composite OHG. This multifunctional composite OHG exhibits outstanding mechanical strength, environmental stability, enhanced flame retardancy, and smart sensing properties. The integration of fabric reinforcement significantly improves the OHG's compressive and impact resistance. The composite OHG's anisotropic structure, in conjunction with the OHG matrix, greatly enhances flame retardancy, while its dual electronic and ionic conductivities improve overall electrical performance. This synergy enables real-time compression monitoring with high sensitivity and stability, facilitated by a Bluetooth module for wireless impact event recording. Furthermore, the composite OHG's anisotropic thermal conductivity enables a thermoelectric effect, leading to self-powered fire alarm systems. This pioneering approach introduces multifunctional smart OHG composite with synergistic capabilities, offering novel prospects for advanced protection and smart firefighting applications.