Innovative Materials Research Articles

The porosity effect on the buckling analysis of functionally graded plates under thermal environment using a Quasi-3D theory

Functionally graded porous structures are at the forefront of material innovation, providing a flexible solution to suit the wide range of requirements in modern engineering applications. The capacity of these materials to integrate customized porosity with variable mechanical properties not only improves performance but also promotes improvements in performance, efficiency, and durability. One of the main contributions of this research its a comprehensive method of including porosity effects in the thermal buckling load analysis of functionally graded plates. Also, this study aims to apply the Quasi-3D theory to investigate the influence of porosity on the thermal critical buckling load of functionally graded plates. The plates demonstrate microscopic heterogeneity, with material characteristics changing continually according to a modified polynomial function. The primary goal is to investigate how different porosity distributions (even, uneven, and logarithmic uneven) influence the thermal critical buckling load under different thermal load circumstances. The governing equations are derived using a Quasi-3D deformation theory that takes into account transverse normal strain. Navier’s method is used to investigate simply supported FG plates, both perfect and imperfect, under uniform, linear, and nonlinear thermal loads. Numerical simulations are used to calculate the thermal critical buckling for various geometries, thermal loading conditions and porosity characteristics. The results show that the porosity distribution has a substantial influence on increasing the thermal critical buckling load of FG porous plates. The model of even porosity distribution has the largest thermal critical buckling load, whereas the model of logarithmic-uneven porosity distribution has the lowest thermal critical buckling load, indicating that such distributions should be carefully considered in FGM design. The type of thermal loading condition applied to the plate has a significant impact on the thermal critical buckling of the plate. Moreover, various geometries, volume fraction index, and inclusion of thickness stretching are considered to examine the effect on the thermal critical buckling load response. Comparisons with literature are added to validate the accuracy of numerical findings. This research has the potential to offer comprehensive reference and useful guidance in the design and application of FG porous plate structures.

Recent Developments in Applications of G-CuO Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Dye Removal

Abstract The extensive application of synthetic dyes across industries poses significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning water quality degradation. Regarding the possible solutions, copper oxide (CuO) stands out as a feasible candidate. Being a p-type Nano-heterogeneous semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.2–2.71 eV, CuO is a reasonable choice and widely studied photocatalyst for addressing such challenges. When the wavelength exceeded the UV-visible region, its functionality showed deterioration. At the same time, there are difficulties associated with reproducibility and reusability, as well as rapid electron-hole recombination, which prevent the widespread application of this technology within this spectral range. In an attempt to eliminate this defect, researchers have been investigating strategies to activate CuO under visible light, with one promising approach being carbon nanomaterials such as graphene to form carbon-CuO composites. The unique properties of graphene, i.e., its large surface area and excellent electron mobility, make it a remarkable candidate for the enhancement of CuO photoactivity. This study highlighted the recent progress in the synthesis of graphene-based CuO photocatalysts, with the main characteristic of extending the light absorption capacity of CuO into the visible spectrum. It reveals achievements in material innovations and applications, with a focus on photocatalytic dye degradation. These breakthroughs are a sign that the field is growing in popularity and is evolving.

Advances in Infrared Detectors for In-Memory Sensing and Computing

In-memory sensing and computing devices integrate the functionalities of sensors, memory, and processors, offering advantages such as low power consumption, high bandwidth, and zero latency, making them particularly suitable for simulating synaptic behavior in biological neural networks. As the pace of digital transformation accelerates, the demand for efficient information processing technologies is increasing, and in-memory sensing and computing devices show great potential in AI, machine learning, and edge computing. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of infrared detector technology, infrared in-memory sensing and computing devices have also seen new opportunities for development. This article reviews the latest research progress in infrared in-memory sensing and computing devices. It first introduces the working principles and performance metrics of in-memory sensing and computing devices, then discusses in detail transistors and memristor-type devices with infrared band response, and finally looks forward to the development prospects of the field. Through innovation in new semiconductor materials and structures, the development trajectory of infrared in-memory sensing and computing devices has been significantly expanded, providing new impetus for the development of a new generation of information technology.

New insights from DFT analysis: Mg vacancies and hydrogen doping in enhancing thermodynamic properties and hydrogen storage performance of Li2BeMgH6

To identify effective hydrogen storage materials, a novel study employing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory DFT on the lithium-based double perovskite hydride Li2BeMgH6. This material, with its innovative and significant attributes, emerges as a potential candidate for hydrogen storage, inspiring experimental researchers to pursue its synthesis for the experimental fabrication of hydrogen storage devices. Notably, it boasts a remarkable gravimetric capacity of 11.35 wt%, coupled with exceptional stability and desorption temperature, surpassing the standards set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for solid-state hydrogen storage (ΔH = −40 kJ/mol.H2 and Td = 289 K–393 K), with respective values of ΔH = −77.37 kJ/mol H2 and Td = 591 K for the cubic phase and ΔH = −84.64 kJ/mol H2, Td = 647 K for the rhombohedral structure. This comprehensive research aims to demonstrate the thermodynamic stability of this innovative material and improve its hydrogen storage properties in line with DOE requirements. The results obtained highlight the significant impact of two strategies for enhancing hydrogen storage properties in two stable phases (face-centered cubic (fcc) and rhombohedral (R3)): the creation of magnesium vacancy defects and hydrogen doping in the Mg vacancies in the studied system. The first strategy, involving the generation of 6 % defects in the Mg atoms, resulted in a notable improvement in storage properties, with a gain of 50.75 % for the cubic structure and 50.46 % for the rhombohedral structure. The second strategy, which consists of doping the vacant Mg sites with hydrogen, also demonstrated remarkable efficiency, leading to an increase of 50.05 % and 53.07 % in storage performance for the two phases, respectively.

Temperature-dependent effect of nanoscale phase change materials on fresh and hardened cement-based mortar

As smart and innovative materials, temperature-dependent phase change materials (PCMs) can be used to produce environmentally friendly energy-saving concrete. In this study, the fresh and hardened concrete properties of mortars incorporating PCMs in different ratios (0%, 2.5% and 5%) were experimentally investigated. Rheological properties such as slump flow, specific viscosity and yield stress were determined at different temperatures (20–50°C). Time-dependent physical, mechanical and thermal properties such as ultrasound pulse velocity (UPV), electrical resistivity, dynamic modulus of elasticity and compressive and flexural strengths were determined. Thermogravimetric analysis and thermal conductivity tests were also carried out. The experimental findings showed that the workability and hardened properties of mortars decreased with the addition of PCM. However, the rheological properties of the fresh mortar changed depending on the temperature due to the PCM absorbing heat. Therefore, the fresh properties of mortar with PCMs can be controlled by temperature. It was also found that the phase change of mortars with PCM could be obtained by measuring the electrical resistivity or UPV at different temperatures.

Removal of Amoxicillin Using a New Adsorbent: Silver Nanoparticle Modified With Poly(ε‐Caprolactone)‐Block‐Poly(L‐Lactide) Copolymer

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to develop innovative hybrid materials with high adsorption capacity for removing amoxicillin from aqueous media. The study synthesized an AB‐type poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(L‐lactide) copolymer (PCL‐b‐PLLA) containing silver nanoparticles (Ag NP). A novel initiator, 2,4‐difluorobenzyl alcohol (1), was used to initiate the sequential ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐CL and L‐LA, with tin octanoate Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst. PCL (2) was synthesized by ROP of ε‐CL at 115°C, using (1) as an initiator and Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst. Subsequently, PCL‐b‐PLLA (3) was obtained via ROP of L‐LA at 120°C in toluene, with (2) as a macroinitiator. The structures of the homo‐ and block copolymers were characterized using FT‐IR and 1H NMR. Ag NP was synthesized via a green method using Helichrysum arenarium extract. Polymer‐based composites containing Ag NPs possess functional surface properties that enhance selectivity and permeability, making them effective biocompatible adsorbents for removing contaminants from water. The nanoparticle content in the PCL‐b‐PLLA/Ag NP hybrid was analyzed by UV–Vis and TEM. For amoxicillin removal, both PCL‐b‐PLLA and PCL‐b‐PLLA/Ag NP were tested, achieving a maximum of 82% removal at pH 4.5 and 25°C. Adsorption studies were conducted in pure water and three wastewater samples to assess amoxicillin selectivity.

Recent advances in machine learning and deep learning-enabled studies on transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract The machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) techniques have significantly advanced the understanding and utilization of TMDs by enabling efficient analysis, prediction, and optimization of their properties. ML/DL methods permit rapid screening, optimization and analysis of two-dimensional (2D) material candidates, potentially accelerating the discovery and development of TMDs with desired electronic, optoelectronic, and energy storage properties. This review provides a comprehensive review of machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) methods to enhance 2D materials research via the optimization of synthesis conditions, interpretation of complex data sets, and the use of generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoders for innovative material design and image processing tasks. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of ML/DL techniques in predicting and tailoring the electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials to meet specific application requirements.

Exploring the Impact of Nanoclay on Epoxy Nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Review

This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the current research landscape surrounding nanoclay-reinforced epoxy composites. A primary challenge in developing these nanocomposites is the hydrophilic nature of pristine clay, which hinders its dispersion within the epoxy matrix. To address this issue, organic modifiers are frequently employed to enhance clay compatibility and facilitate effective incorporation into the nanocomposite structure. The unique properties of nanoclay make it a particularly attractive reinforcement material. The performance of nanoclay/epoxy nanocomposites is largely determined by their morphology, which is influenced by various factors including processing methods, clay types, modifiers, and curing agents. A thorough understanding and control of these parameters are essential for optimizing nanocomposite performance. These advanced materials find extensive applications across multiple industries, including aerospace, defense, anti-corrosive coatings, automotive, and packaging. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the processing techniques, mechanical properties, barrier capabilities, and thermal characteristics of nanoclay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. Additionally, it explores their diverse industrial applications, providing a holistic view of their potential and current use. By examining the multifaceted landscape of epoxy/clay nanocomposites, this review illuminates the intricate relationships between fabrication methods, resulting properties, and potential industrial applications. It serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance the development and application of these innovative materials.

Decision Support Framework for Sustainable and Fire Resilient Buildings (SAFR-B)

AbstractBuildings of all types are increasingly becoming complex ‘systems of systems.’ They are subject to evolving societal objectives, new and innovative materials, and in many countries, regulatory ecosystems are having difficulty keeping pace with rapidly changing societal, environmental and technological changes. Two evolving objectives that are stimulating changes to buildings and communities are the desire for a more environmentally sustainable built environment and the need to become more resilient to the many increasingly hazardous impacts of climate change. Unfortunately, in some building designs these objectives are in conflict. As a first step toward a more integrated, holistic tool to aid in the design of sustainable and fire resilient buildings (SAFR-B), this paper develops and applies a first-order decision framework for a midrise apartment building. The SAFR-B framework is built on an analysis of design and regulatory objectives for fire safety and sustainability for buildings, and of risk and decision methods that can support design decisions. It makes use of risk indexing and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), with initial scoring and weighting of attributes and strategies derived from international experts in the field of fire safety and sustainability through a Delphi process.

Tailoring thermal conductivity and printability in boron nitride/epoxy nano- and micro-composites for material extrusion 3D printing

This study explores the design and characterization of boron nitride (BN)/epoxy nano- and micro-composites, utilizing material extrusion 3D printing as a powerful technique to align filler particles within the matrix and produce effective thermally conductive and electrically insulating adhesive materials with possible applications in electronics. Investigating the uncharted correlation between filler morphology, including both boron nitride microplatelets (BNMP) and boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), processability by additive manufacturing (AM), and ink functionalities, BNMP proves more effective in boosting thermal conductivity, with an enhancement of up to 400%. Fillers, that can be highly oriented through material extrusion, contribute to achieving high glass transition temperature (up to 137 °C) and thermal resistance, expanding the inks’ applicability. Optimized inks demonstrate exceptional shape fidelity, enabling the fabrication of complex structures. The findings emphasize the crucial role of ceramic filler content and morphology in optimizing multifunctional 3D-printed materials' performance and tailoring their properties, offering insights for future innovations in electronic materials and manufacturing methodologies for thermal management applications.

Influence of silica fume on pore structure, mechanical properties and carbon emission of reactive powder concrete prepared by ice crystal homogenization technology

Under ultra-low water-to-binder ratio conditions, the liquid-bridge effect between powders seriously restricts the development of reactive powder concrete (RPC). Ice crystal homogenization technology fundamentally solves the liquid-bridge problem between powders. However, high carbon emissions still constrain the application of RPC. This paper introduces an innovative RPC material incorporating silica fume (SF) as a supplementary cementitious material to solve environmental concerns and alleviate powder aggregation challenges based on the ice crystal homogenization technology. Experimental results show that there was a significant improvement in compressive and flexural strengths observed, particularly in RPC material containing 15% SF, which exhibited the most notable enhancements: a 19.7% increase in compressive strength to 296.3MPa and a 23.6% increase in flexural strength to 43.8MPa. Moreover, the optimized microstructure was reflected in a substantial reduction in water absorption rate and cumulative pore volume by 44.7% and 54.4%, respectively. Besides, RPC incorporating 15% SF achieved the lowest carbon emissions efficiency, with carbon emissions efficiency could be reduced by 79%~93% compared with conventional UHPC. In conclusion, the use of SF and ice crystal homogenization technology in RPC provides the great potential for developing sustainable construction materials and promoting carbon reduction strategies.

Synthesis of multifunctional di-cationic ionic liquids: Unveiling antibacterial activity across diverse strains

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance poses a significant global risk to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to discover innovative antibacterial materials. In this study, we introduced a novel synthesis method that yielded 18 unique di-cationic ionic liquids (DILs), intricately crafted through a fusion of quaternization and metathesis reactions. These innovative compounds boasted imidazolium, pyridinium, and quaternary ammonium as their cationic constituents, accompanied by acetate and bisulfate ions as their anionic counterparts. The incorporation of spacer chains, specifically trans-1,4-dibromo-2-butene and α, α′-dibromo-p-xylene, facilitated the synthesis of these di-cations. Thorough characterization of the synthesized DILs was conducted using advanced spectroscopic techniques, including FTIR and nuclear magnetic resonance, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of their structural attributes. The central objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of these DILs in combating a diverse spectrum of resilient bacterial strains commonly encountered in various environmental settings. This evaluation encompassed both gram-positive and gram-negative species.

Effect of Sr doping on the potential cathode of Ba0.875Fe0.875Zr0.125O3 for proton-conducting fuel cells

The development of innovative cathode materials exhibiting high catalytic activity and good stability holds substantial significance for proton-conducting fuel cells (PCFCs). A Co-free Ba0.5Sr0.375Fe0.875Zr0.125O3-σ (BSFZ0.375) cathode material is designed and developed in this paper. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the oxygen vacancy formation energy and hydration energy of BSFZ0.375 are both lower than those of the potential cathode Ba0.875Fe0.875Zr0.125O3-δ (BFZ). The Sr doping can reduce the oxygen dissociation barrier at the material surface according to the Partial density of states (PDOS) result. BSFZ exhibits good chemical compatibility with BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ (BZCYYb) electrolyte and maintains good structural stability when exposed to air for 100 h at 550 °C. At 650 °C, the polarization impedance and maximum power density of single cell with BSFZ as cathode are 0.08 Ω cm2 and 572 mW cm⁻2, which improved a lot compared to parent BFZ cathode (0.13 Ω cm2 and 228 mW cm⁻2), respectively. At 650 °C and 1.3V, the single cell with BSFZ0.375 electrode electrolyzes pure water, achieving a current density of 0.6 A cm⁻2.

The aging behavior of Moso bamboo in natural weathering condition

Bamboo, recognized as an innovative green building material, is extensively utilized in practical engineering, with its durability in outdoor environments being of paramount importance. The internodes and nodes of bamboo collectively form the primary structure of the bamboo culm, exhibiting significant differences in their structural composition and fracture behavior. In this study, moso bamboo internodes and nodes were exposed to an outdoor environment for two years to investigate their aging mechanisms. The discoloration, dimensional stability, mass loss, and water absorption characteristics of weathered bamboo were assessed through physical property tests. Changes in the microstructure, cellulose crystallinity, and internal crack morphology of bamboo resulting from natural weathering were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and computed tomography (CT). Ultimately, the durability of moso bamboo was assessed based on the results of compressive tests. The results indicated that natural weathering could degrade lignin and hemicellulose on the surface of bamboo, disrupt the microstructure of vascular bundles and parenchyma cells, and impair cellulose crystallinity, leading to a reduction in mechanical properties. Moreover, compared to bamboo internodes, bamboo nodes exhibit a more complex fiber morphology. The presence of internal transverse fibers can significantly impact its compressive property parallel to the grain, but the enhanced spatial locking effect can also improve its durability perpendicular to the grain. This study enhances the understanding of biomass materials and provides valuable insights into the application of bamboo in outdoor environments.

Study on dynamic modulus of polyurethane mixture: Impact factors and prediction models

Polyurethane mixture (PUM) is proposed as an innovative and promising paving material due to its superior engineering performance and environmentally-friendliness. This study aims to experimentally investigate dynamic modulus of PUM at various temperatures, loading frequencies and loading strains. Furthermore, prediction models on its dynamic modulus considering factors of temperature, loading frequence as well as their coupling effect are proposed. The results demonstrate that dynamic modulus of PUM approximately varies between 2000 MPa and 19,000 MPa in temperature range of 15–50°C, loading frequency range of 0.1–25 Hz, and loading strains range of 20–100με. Dynamic modulus of PUM at 15°C is approximately 5.62 times higher than that at 50°C. The value at 20 Hz is approximately 2.76 times higher than that at 0.2 Hz. By implementing the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, it is explored that temperature and loading frequency yield significant impact on dynamic modulus of PUM while loading strain imposes negligible influence on dynamic modulus of PUM. By statistical fitting analysis, dynamic modulus of PUM is linear with temperature and presents power function with loading frequency. Moreover, by considering coupling effect of temperature and loading frequency, prediction model on dynamic modulus of PUM is proposed and verified through experiments. The outcome of this study facilitates design and applications of PUM at different climate conditions and traffic loads.

Controllable fabrication of the luminescent photocatalytic material AgB/SMSO for application in cement: Optimization of doping strategies and all-weather degradation of pollutants

This paper presents an innovative luminescent photocatalytic material, Ag3PO4/BiVO4/Sr2MgSi2O7:(Eu2+, Dy3+) (AgB/SMSO), which overcomes a pivotal limitation of photocatalysts—dependence on a light source—and effectively remediates pollutants and augments cement-based composite properties. The efficient carrier separation facilitated by Ag3PO4, in conjunction with the broad spectral response of BiVO4, enables AgB/SMSO to harness the internal luminescent properties of SMSO as a persistent light source, achieving continuous degradation of pollutants, which reveals the exceptional afterglow characteristics and photocatalytic activity of AgB/SMSO. At a 1:1:40 ratio, AgB/SMSO maintained its catalytic efficacy for over 8 h in the dark (methylene blue degradation rate of 70.43%), surpassing the 3-hour limit of current luminescent photocatalysts. Furthermore, the impact of integrating AgB/SMSO with cement on early-stage cement hydration, morphology, and micromechanical properties was comprehensively assessed. Ultimately, the overall photocatalytic capability of the derived AgB/SMSO cement-based composites was evaluated through experiments, revealing the synergistic mechanisms involved. This study not only enriches the theoretical understanding of photocatalysis but also provides a robust technical foundation for the innovation of environmentally friendly building materials and the advancement of sustainable urban development.

A Review on Innovative Nanomaterials for Enhancing Energy Performance of the Building Envelope

Abstract: The greatest threat of the 21st century is global warming. The building sector is a major contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. About 60% of the total energy consumed in the buildings is caused by HVAC systems. Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that can introduce innovative materials in the building sector which offers great potential for development of innovative building products to enhance performance and energy efficiency of the building. Nanomaterials are a promising candidate for building thermal insulation. This paper presents a theoretical overview of twenty case-based scenarios on the application of nanomaterials to reduce energy consumption in buildings. A comprehensive list of different nanomaterials is reviewed from the literature, as non-structural, insulation, and thermal energy storage materials to improve the insulation performance of the building. Extensive testing and simulation modelling have turned out to be the most popular in this area of research methods for experimental and theoretical studies. The combination of these methods can yield a reliable technique for studying nanomaterials. Finally, embedding nanomaterials into building walls, floors, and roofs can reduce energy consumption and enhance thermal performance of a building’s envelope.

Architectural coatings and temperature Adaptive radiative cooling strategies applied in ten climate zones in China: Annual energy consumption Reductions and potentials

This research evaluates the energy-saving potential of high-reflectivity building materials, including three common coating types—normal (absorptivity 0.8, emissivity 0.8), cooling (absorptivity 0.2, emissivity 0.9), supercooling (absorptivity 0.05, emissivity 0.95), and Temperature-Adaptive Radiative Cooling (TARC) materials across 49 representative cities within ten climate zones in China using computational fluid dynamics simulations combined with the Demand.ninja energy consumption model. The results reveal that optimal solar absorptivity varies significantly between different climate zones, with higher absorptivity benefiting colder regions and lower absorptivity benefiting hotter regions. Urban microclimate simulations confirm that low solar absorption materials effectively reduce wall temperatures during the daytime and boost overall cooling energy savings, despite a slight increase in ambient air temperature. Building height-to-width ratios also influenced energy efficiency, with the best performance observed at a ratio of unity for both cooling and supercooling materials. Additionally, tests on the Temperature-Adaptive Radiative Cooling (TARC) materials demonstrate that TARCs offer significant energy-saving advantages, achieving an annual saving of 23.1 billion kWh across China by effectively balancing heating and cooling demands across different seasons. This superior performance is primarily attributed to TARCs’ ability to mitigate increased heating energy demands often associated with conventional cooling materials, especially in regions with substantial winter heating needs. Present research has highlighted the importance of climate-specific building material strategies and the potential of innovative materials like TARC for reducing energy consumptions, and this could favour the low carbon urban development.

Recent Advances in Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Technology: A Comprehensive Review

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries have emerged as one of the most promising energy storage solutions due to their high safety, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness. In recent years, significant progress has been made in enhancing the performance and expanding the applications of LFP batteries through innovative materials design, electrode engineering, and manufacturing techniques. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in LFP battery technology, covering key developments in materials synthesis, electrode architectures, electrolytes, cell design, and system integration. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery technology, encompassing materials development, electrode engineering, electrolytes, cell design, and applications. By highlighting the latest research findings and technological innovations, this paper seeks to contribute to the continued advancement and widespread adoption of LFP batteries as sustainable and reliable energy storage solutions for various applications. We also discuss the current challenges and future prospects for LFP batteries, emphasizing their potential role in sustainable energy storage solutions for various applications, including electric vehicles, renewable energy integration, and grid-scale energy storage.

Multimedia-Assisted Elementary School Learning Materials Innovation Using STEAM Learning Approach

Printed materials dominate the teaching materials used in elementary schools in Indonesia. These conditions are backward with the development of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, so it is urgent to research the effectiveness of multimedia-based teaching material using Macromedia Flash Eight application with the learning approach of Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math (STEAM) in Elementary Schools. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The data collection instrument uses pre-test and post-test sheets, and an evaluation lift is open to the use of teaching materials for teachers and students. The respondents were eight teachers and 84 elementary school students. The effectiveness of the teaching material is analyzed in two ways: (1) the analysis of learning outcomes (pre-test and post-test) using the N-Gain Test, and (2) the evaluation of the product is based on the results of open-haul analysis, advice, and recommendations. This research and development results show that the pre-test average of 47,14 increased to 84.58 (post-test), while the test score of N-Gain was 71.75%, with the category quite effective. Thus, it can be concluded that Macromedia Flash 8-based teaching materials with STEAM approach to integrated thematic learning in elementary schools are practical and capable of improving student learning outcomes.