Level Of Innovation Research Articles

Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Strategic Flexibility in India

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to examine impact of entrepreneurial orientation on strategic flexibility in India. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on strategic flexibility in India highlight that firms exhibiting high levels of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking are better positioned to navigate dynamic market conditions. Indian conglomerates like Tata Group and Reliance Industries have successfully leveraged EO to diversify operations, enter new markets, and adapt to technological advancements. Research indicates that firms with a strong EO culture are more resilient to economic fluctuations, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when many Indian startups pivoted their business models to digital platforms Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Dynamic capabilities theory, resource-based view (RBV) & organizational ambidexterity theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on strategic flexibility in India. Firms should cultivate a culture that encourages calculated risk-taking and proactive decision-making. Governments should create business-friendly policies, funding programs, and incentives that encourage firms to embrace EO-driven strategies.

Level of Innovation as a Product Development Strategy for MSME Es Dawet Ayu: A Case Study in Ambarawa

This research explores the role of innovation in the product development strategy of MSME Es Dawet Ayu in Ambarawa. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study involved six key informants, including the business owner, suppliers, producers, distributors, employees, and consumers. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings suggest that product innovation in Es Dawet Ayu has been successfully implemented by introducing new flavor variations, utilizing natural ingredients, and improving packaging design. The shift from standard plastic cups to modern bottles and premium packaging has enhanced the product’s hygiene and exclusivity. Additionally, marketing strategies such as social media promotion and special discounts have significantly contributed to expanding the MSME’s market reach and customer base.

The U.S.-China Innovation Gap: The Chinese Advantage of Backwardness

Latecomers in the economic development process can leverage existing innovations and technologies available globally. This paper examines China’s "advantage of backwardness" using data on innovation provided by the Global Innovation Index (GII), published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). I develop a simple theoretical framework to explain the advantage of backwardness and apply this to analyse China’s innovation gap with the United States. The analysis assumes that the United States represents the leading country in innovations. This assumption enables a comparison between the two large economies and tests a hypothesis with not only economic but also purported political and military implications. According to the theory of backwardness, China’s innovation level is converging with that of the United States. This raises the question: can China’s innovation level eventually surpass that of the United States? In other words, if China is developing by capitalizing on its technological backwardness relative to the United States, can it, at some point, become the global leader in innovations? This paper explores this question by analysing 18 observations spanning the period from 2007 to 2024, offering a speculative perspective on whether China can surpass the United States in innovation leadership. Keywords: Advantage of Backwardness, GII index, WIPO, US, China, Innovation, Technology, Leadership, Development

Spatial-temporal characteristics and influence factors of high-quality development of animal husbandry industry in China.

The animal husbandry industry stands as a pillar of the agricultural sector. According to the defining characteristics of high-quality development in animal husbandry, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluative indicator system. This system evaluates the quality of development in the industry from 2010 to 2022, including five key dimensions: output efficiency, product safety, resource conservation, environmental friendliness, and the level of scientific and technological &management. Results indicate a positive overall trend in the high-quality development of China's animal industry throughout this period. Provinces exhibiting the highest average levels of development are, in descending order, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Yunnan, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangdong, and Guangxi. Among these five dimensions, the level of environmental friendliness and the level of scientific and technological &management are better developed, while the level of resource conservation, the level of product safety, and the level of output efficiency are poorly developed. Regional differences have demonstrated a slight narrowing trend; however, the effect of intra-regional differences on the overall differences has remained relatively stable. In contrast, the effect of inter-regional differences on overall differences has gradually reduced, while the effect of hypervariable density has steadily increased, becoming the most significant factor. High-quality development in China's animal industry exhibits a strong path dependency, with advancements typically occurring incrementally between adjacent levels and an insignificant probability of leapfrogging. The level of high-quality development in a given region is significantly influenced by the development levels observed in neighbouring regions, illustrating a phenomenon akin to the adage that One who is near vermilion is stained red, one who is near ink is stained black. Factors such as urbanisation rates, levels of scientific and technological innovation, transport infrastructure, levels of agricultural financial development, and population density all contribute positively to the high-quality development of China's animal industry. At the same time, a larger share of animal husbandry in both the overall industrial sector and the agricultural industry further contributes to this high-quality development; whereas, GDP per capita and fiscal support for agriculture do not appear to have a significant effect.

Technological Innovation in Start-Ups on a Pathway to Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8: A Systematic Review

In a start-up, the level of technological innovation is crucial to the start-up’s competitiveness, especially in the digital age; as a result, high-tech start-ups stand a better chance of being more profitable than middle-tech and low-tech start-ups. The aim of this study is to identify and examine research papers regarding the role of technological innovation in advancing Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG) in the current context. This study intends to fill research gaps by performing a systematic literature review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines on the subject. To investigate advancements in the use of start-up technologies, scientific publications were obtained from the Scopus database, yielding a total of 384 entries for the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and the meta-analyses identification stage. The findings indicate that high technology encompasses artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and collaborative robots; medium technology comprises mobile applications, big data, and cloud computing; and low technology consists of software and connectivity. Each of the technological innovations plays a significant role in advancing SDG 8, encompassing aspects such as economic growth, employment, productivity, creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, development policies, and business growth.

Can Data Assets Promote Green Innovation in Enterprises?

Can Data Assets Promote Green Innovation in Enterprises?

Investor Behavior in Venture Capital Investment: An Analytical Study of Georgian and Central-Eastern European Startup Markets

This research paper investigates venture capital investor behaviors within the startup ecosystems of Georgia and Central Europe, providing comparative analysis of these markets. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative data derived from questionnaires distributed to VC investors in both regions. Detailed diagrams visualize critical trends and patterns, enhancing the understanding of investor behavior. The findings reveal distinct investment preferences, regulatory landscapes, and other details in each region. Georgian investors, often navigating an emerging market with limited infrastructure and networks, display cautious investment behavior, prioritizing stable returns and market potential. In contrast, Central-Eastern European investors benefit from more mature ecosystems, demonstrating higher risk tolerance and a greater focus on innovative ventures. Key factors driving investment choices include market potential, innovation levels, startup industry, and regulatory frameworks. The study highlights how these elements interact to influence investor confidence and preferences. For instance, while Central-Eastern European investors are motivated by Innovative Technologies and market size, Georgian investors are more influenced by government incentives and emerging market opportunities. By understanding these behaviors, this paper offers valuable insights for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and investors. It aims to enhance the startup ecosystem in both regions, providing a foundation for more informed and strategic investment decisions. This analysis contributes to the broader discourse on global VC trends, emphasizing the critical role of regional contexts in shaping investor behavior and their implications for emerging markets. Keywords: Venture Capital, Startups, Startup Ecosystem, Georgian Startup market, Investors

Research on the impact of ESG scores on corporate substantive and strategic green innovation

Research on the impact of ESG scores on corporate substantive and strategic green innovation

Exploring the Spatial Spillovers of Digital Finance on Urban Innovation and Its Synergy with Traditional Finance

Research on the driving role of digital finance in urban innovation is scarce. Most existing literature focuses on whether digital or traditional finance contributes more to innovation, ignoring the spatial spillover effect of digital finance and failing to explore whether digital finance complements traditional finance in promoting innovation. Moreover, current studies focus on the provincial dimension but elaborate very little on the implications of BRI node cities. This study fills in the gaps by focusing on the spatial spillover effects of digital finance on urban innovation and complementary functions of traditional finance. It applies the spatial Durbin model to 26 China BRI node cities from 2013 to 2020. The results indicated that digital finance has a significant positive effect on the innovation level of these cities, suggesting that digital and traditional finance systems are complementary in promoting innovation. Moreover, the evidence of spatial spillover proves that innovations in node cities influence neighboring regions. This paper contributes to the interaction between digital finance and urban innovation with new insights. It also fills the literature gap by underlining the spatial dynamics rather than traditional panel approaches. The results are useful for policymakers in harnessing financial mechanisms for innovation and economic growth. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-024 Full Text: PDF

Research on the Effect of Digital Finance on Enterprise Total Factor Productivity from the Perspective of Innovation Level

Research on the Effect of Digital Finance on Enterprise Total Factor Productivity from the Perspective of Innovation Level

Relationship between innovation climate and entrepreneurial attitude in International Business and Administration students: a study case about the Universidad Continental de Peru

The economic growth of a society is mainly due to the entrepreneurship and innovation developed by its members, and universities play a fundamental role in promoting entrepreneurship and spaces where innovation is developed. Peru is one of the countries with the greatest intention to undertake in Latin America and the world, but it is also characterized by a high rate of discontinuity in entrepreneurship. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the level of influence of the innovation climate on the entrepreneurial attitude of students studying Business Administration and International Business at Universidad Continental through a quantitative study of 219 students between 18 and 24 years of age and both sexes. The student’s Entrepreneurial Attitude Scale and the Open Innovation Climate Scale were used. The following results were obtained by applying these instruments: the greater the innovation climate, the greater the entrepreneurial attitude, besides, a degree of influence cannot be considered as representative between the dimensions of each variable. The comparative results between the first and fifth year students showed that the most notable difference is seen in the final year students due to the negative relationship between the outward dimensions’ focus and innovation, and flexibility with some dimensions of the entrepreneurial attitude variable. It was not identified how representative the degree of influence between both variables is. We conclude that students perceive the level of innovation and flexibility, as well as reflexivity, as high, but as low, depending on the outward focus that the university presents; In relation to the entrepreneurial attitude, a representative degree of influence was not identified between the dimensions of each variable.

The evolution of subscription models in agriculture and construction: A technical analysis

The integration of subscription-based business models into traditional agriculture and construction sectors represents a paradigm shift in how capital-intensive industries approach technology adoption and service delivery. This technical article examines the transformative impact of subscription models on both end-users and service providers, exploring the evolution of financial architectures, technical scalability frameworks, revenue stream engineering, and data analytics infrastructure. The article delves into the mechanics of market expansion, competitive differentiation architecture, and future technical considerations, highlighting how these models have revolutionized operational efficiency, customer engagement, and value creation across the industry spectrum. Through comprehensive examination of implementation strategies and outcomes, this article demonstrates how subscription models are reshaping traditional business approaches while enabling unprecedented levels of innovation and growth.

Factors that determine the level of individual entrepreneurial orientation: profiles of

Using the Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IndEO) theory as a basis, this research: (i) establishes the dimensions (Autonomy, Innovativeness, Risk Taking, Competitive Aggressiveness) that best explain the level of IndEO; (ii) identifies the individual items in each of the dimensions that best predict the level of IndEO, and (iii) examines whether sociodemographic variables and entrepreneurial experiences predispose the level of IndEO. A quantitative longitudinal survey of 477 aspiring young entrepreneurs was conducted using the IndEO measurement instrument. Data analysis carried out utilising the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) algorithm and decision tree modelling, revealed significant insights into the profiles of emerging entrepreneurs. The results reveal that those segments with a propensity for a high level of IndEO increase with rising levels of Competitive Aggressiveness and participation in prior entrepreneurial experiences. Even at medium levels of Competitive Aggressiveness, a high level of IndEO is more likely if Autonomy is high. Medium levels of IndEO were, meanwhile, associated with the absence of previous entrepreneurial experiences, medium levels of Competitive Aggressiveness, medium-high levels of Innovativeness, and medium-low levels of Autonomy. However, low levels of IndEO corresponded to low levels of Competitive Aggressiveness, Autonomy and Innovativeness. These findings suggest that IndEO levels can be influenced by Competitive Aggressiveness, Autonomy, Innovativeness and prior entrepreneurial experiences, particularly among emerging entrepreneurs. The relevance of the findings has practical implications in both the academic and professional worlds regarding talent-attraction policies, identifying the profiles of emerging entrepreneurs and, above all, developing formulas with which to evoke and stimulate IndEO.

Carbon risk and corporate bankruptcy pressure: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment based on the Paris agreement

Green and low-carbon development transformation of enterprises is of great significance to climate governance and sustainable economic development. It is a realistic problem worth to study whether carbon risk will affect the bankruptcy pressure of corporates. This paper empirically analyzes the impact of carbon risk shocks on the corporates bankruptcy pressure based on the quasi-natural experiment of the implementation of the Paris Agreement. The results indicated that carbon risk significantly alleviated corporates bankruptcy pressure. Specifically, mechanistic analysis uncovered that the increase in carbon risk may reduce the bankruptcy pressure of corporates was mediated by lowering corporate financing costs and elevating green innovation levels. Finally, it was found through the heterogeneity analysis that the negative correlation between carbon risk and bankruptcy pressure was more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises, small-scale corporations, and companies located in highly competitive industries.

Investment strategies of bank-affiliated and independent venture capitalists: a focus on innovation in the fintech sector in the wake of the global financial crisis

Abstract We investigate how bank-affiliated VCs (BVCs) change their investment strategy in fintech startups relative to independent VCs (IVCs) after the global financial crisis (GFC). To this end, we use the concept of mimetic isomorphism as a theoretical lens. We measure the innovation level of invested ventures by resorting to patent and patent quality data and several proxies deriving from text mining and semantic network analysis. We look at the selection dynamics of VCs based on the innovation level of their target ventures. We analyze data on VC investments in 6711 fintech ventures worldwide from 1995 to 2019. Our findings show that BVCs have changed, compared to IVCs, their patterns of investments after the exogenous shock provided by the GFC. While BVCs selected less innovative ventures compared to IVCs before the crisis, they aligned with IVCs by choosing more innovative ventures after the crisis.

Does the new-type urbanization policy promote green technological innovation? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

ABSTRACT Assessing the impact of new-type urbanization (NTU) on green technological innovation reveals how effectively the policy fosters sustainable growth and technological advancement. This helps policymakers optimize strategies to promote eco-friendly innovation and align national urbanization efforts with broader environmental goals. Using panel data from 274 cities in China from 2009 to 2021, this study regards a NTU pilot as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to examine the impact of the policy on green technological innovation．Its heterogeneous effects are examined from the perspective of economic development, industrial structure, resource endowment, and the foundation of green technological innovation. Based on this, industrial structure and research and development (R&D) expenditure are considered as moderating variables to analyse the impact mechanism. The findings revealed that (1) NTU policy has significantly improved the level of green technological innovation; (2) NTU policy promotes green technological innovation by optimizing industrial structure and improving R&D expenditure; and (3) in non-resource-based cities and cities with higher economic levels, advanced industrial structures, and a solid foundation for green innovation, the NTU policy has significant innovation effects.

An Employee Perspective of Digital Transformation-Motivation to Engage in Digital Organizational Change: An Exploratory Study in Indian Financial Sector

Research on individual level antecedents of digital transformation in enterprises has until now been somewhat scarce and incomplete. To correct this imbalance, the present study examined the predictive ability of the three dimensions of Self Determination (Perceived Autonomy, Perceived Competence, and Perceived Relatedness), Distributed Leadership (DL) and Individual Readiness for Change, on Digital Transformation (DT) and the effect of DT on the Level of Innovation within Financial Services organizations in an emerging economy

Greening Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance: The Impact of China’s Carbon Emissions Trading Pilot Policy on Listed Companies

With carbon emissions continuing to rise, global warming has become a popular research topic. To address climate change, China is taking proactive measures to reduce its carbon emissions. Covering the period between 2009 and 2021, this study utilizes data from 3668 publicly listed companies in China, along with data from their respective cities, to investigate the impact of the carbon emissions trading pilot policy on their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. The conclusions show that the policy has greatly improved corporate ESG performance. However, its impact on the corporate ESG performance has varied over time, across different entities, and among different cities. Furthermore, the companies’ level of green innovation plays a crucial intermediary role. Additionally, a company’s risk-bearing capacity and level of urban green credit support positively moderate the effectiveness of the policy. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between the pilot policy and corporate ESG performance.

Team Personality Composition: A fsQCA and NCA Approach to Team Innovation

The purpose of this study is to explore how team members’ Big Five traits might be arranged, determining both the necessary and sufficient conditions for team innovation. Utilizing a two-wave sample of 307 employees from 82 teams across three Italian organizations, the study employs fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). The results showed that three configurations were conducive to high levels of innovation: high openness to experience, conscientiousness and extraversion; high openness to experience, high extraversion and low agreeableness; and high openness to experience, agreeableness and emotional stability. They also highlighted openness as a necessary condition.

Культуротворческий потенциал креативных индустрий в модернизации социально-культурной сферы

In the era of rapid socio-economic transformations, culture is gaining new importance as a key factor in the innovative development of society. The primary objective of this research is to identify and systematically ana-lyze the key aspects influencing the development of creative industries, and to ascertain their impact on the socio-cultural improvement of society. Various theoretical approaches to understanding the phenomenon of creative industries are examined, along with an analysis of their evolution and classification criteria. Particular emphasis is placed on the degree of integration with technologies, the scale of activities, forms of organization, as well as the levels of commercialization and innovation within creative industries. The systematization and analysis of the concepts proposed by the leading researchers was carried out, which made it possible to create a solid theoretical foundation for further study. The findings of this study demonstrate that creative industries, as a tool for the modernization of the socio-cultural sphere, play a significant role in shaping the new identity of cities and regions, contributing to their sustainable development. The results of the work can be useful for fur-ther research and practical application in the field of cultural policy and creative project management.