Industrial Cluster Innovation Research Articles

Dependence of Ukrainian economy on industrial import and prerequisites of forming effective industrial specialization

Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена углублением деиндустриализации украинской экономики и ее импортозависимости. Ключевым признаком высокой импортозависимости служит большой дефицит баланса внешней торговли товарами, который существует уже длительное время. В статье рассматриваются теоретические основы исследования импортозависимости экономики. Также представлен обзор современных реалий политики импортозамещения, применяемой в разных странах. Основным источником информации для исследования послужили статистические данные таблиц «затраты-выпуск». Уровень зависимости украинской экономики от импорта промышленных товаров оценивался по направлениям его использования - в промежуточном и конечном потреблении, валовом накоплении основного капитала. Расчеты показали, что значительную часть функций по обслуживанию потребительского и инвестиционного рынка выполняют иностранные производители, тогда как обрабатывающий сектор страны в основном занят производством промежуточной продукции, которая остается еще и основой его экспорта (металлы, сырьевые минеральные продукты, древесина и изделия из нее, неорганическая химия). Анализ уровня зависимости от импорта различных видов производства перерабатывающей промышленности показал, что на внутреннем рынке товаров промежуточного потребления с недавних пор закрепилось абсолютное преимущество импорта, особенно продукции химической отрасли, машиностроения, легкой промышленности. В результате исследования обоснован вывод, что приоритетными видами деятельности (в контексте эффективной производственной специализации) выступают те, которые имеют высокий уровень межотраслевых производственных связей. Такая роль подходит прежде всего машиностроению и химической промышленности. Другой предпосылкой удачного импортозамещения служит диверсификация экспорта на основе модернизации производства в отраслях перерабатывающей промышленности. Также необходимо создание инновационных промышленных кластеров сетевого типа, в которых производственные компании и исследовательские организации объединены в совместном научно-производственном процессе. Развитие сырьевой базы и добычи полезных ископаемых из украинских месторождений также будет способствовать самообеспечению экономики и переходу к эффективной производственной специализации.

Identifying the center of innovation industrial clusters to provide the federal district's evolution foresight

Subject. This article deals with the issues of placing and locating the information and logistics center of the Federal District's clusters. Objectives. The article aims to create a technology to identify the center of innovative industrial clusters, which would ensure their effective economic, financial, information, and logistics cooperation. Methods. To solve the problem of location of the information and logistics center of clusters in order to anticipate the evolution of the Federal District, we used simulation modeling algorithms, genetic algorithm, and the simulated annealing and pattern search methods. Results. These methods have been tested for the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District of the Russian Federation. As a result of analysis, modeling and calculations, it turns out that the information and logistics center of the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District should be the City of Kazan, the Republic of Tatarstan. Conclusions and Relevance. The deployment of the information and logistics center for the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District in Kazan can significantly reduce the transaction costs associated with the regulation of information and transportation flows within the Federal District under study. This will reduce the financial costs in the District and increase the synergistic effect of a large innovation system uniting innovation and industrial clusters in a large area of the entire Federal District. The additional synergies will help the governmental structures and their experts conduct a better policy of economic and financial foresight of the evolution of the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПРОМИСЛОВІ КЛАСТЕРИ ЯК СТРАТЕГІЧНА ОСНОВА СИСТЕМОУТВОРЮЮЧИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ БЕЗПЕКИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The paper argues that the current decline of the national economy in Ukraine triggers a critical need to overhaul the interconnections between its various entities and their alliances to attain better economic performance and synergistic effect. In this context, cluster formation strategy has become a priority for many businesses and their associations. Given the global trends of fast-growing rate of education sector and business clusters development, the purpose of this research is to provide theoretical substantiation of the need to create innovative industrial clusters as a strategic framework for building the backbone principles to ensure the enterprise development security. The study results have been accomplished through the application of the systematic approach and the method of analysis and synthesis to identify the controversies in the cluster concept interpretation as well as to reason all pros and cons of innovative industrial clusters creation. An emphasis is put that despite global good practices in building and developing clusters as geographically concentrated groups of interdependent companies, up to date there is no generally accepted definition of an innovative industrial cluster. However, there are a few common features associated with innovative industrial clusters creation and evolution, in particular they are as follows: cooperation and competition among cluster participants; geographical concentration of businesses in one or more regions; positive effects on innovative processes, boosting competition, shaping competences, enhancing information flows as well as contributing to long-term dynamics in the development of relationships in the particular cluster or region as a fundamental background for enterprise security development. A survey on the global trends in the priority areas of cluster formation has demonstrated that in the US, more than half of businesses operate within clusters; in the EU about 38% of its workforce is employed in a cluster-based environment; in the countries of Northern Europe clusters cover up to 90% of businesses. The process of building clusters in Ukrainian realia has certain specifics subject to the differences in the level of economic development of particular region and its industry. A special focus is placed towards the formation of innovative clusters in metal industry based on groups of metal manufacturing companies or their corporations, financial industrial groups, etc. It is emphasised that the Ukrainian metal sector is a national industry leader. The study argues that in modern market environment the formation and further advancement of innovative industrial clusters has become a strategic priority in the context of encouraging innovation and enhancing the industry sectors development in Ukraine.

Forecasting the level of safety of development of metallurgical enterprises on the basis of qualimetric model: scientific and practical aspect

Methods. The results are obtained through the use of methods: abstraction – in determining the essence of the concepts of «qualimetry» and «qualimetric model»; systems approach, analysis and synthesis – in determining the relationship between the components of an integrated scientific and methodological approach to assessing the predicted level of safety of development of a metallurgical enterprise; general and special – in identifying antagonisms in the management of a metallurgical enterprise. Results. Based on the results of integrated scientific and methodological approach to assessing the predicted level of safety for the development of a metallurgical enterprise, the activity of twenty-three metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine was evaluated, which confirmed the need for their innovative development with financial support from the state, internal and external investors to expand the markets for metal products, and increase competitiveness of not only metal products of a certain enterprise, but also the metallurgical industry as a whole. Novelty. A qualimetric model for the predictive assessment of metallurgical enterprises development safety has been formed, which, unlike the existing individual economic, mathematical, statistical, and expert assessments, makes it possible to comprehensively evaluate and present the vectors of enterprise development (negative or positive) for a certain period of time; determine the influence of not only quantitative factors, but also qualitative ones; to formulate an optimal development strategy in accordance with an integrated scientific and methodological approach to assessing the predicted level of metallurgical enterprise development safety, taking into account possible antagonisms and minimizing them. Practical value. The qualimetric model can be used in the formation of innovative industrial clusters by functional orientation, degree of adaptability, and level of perception of innovative activities.

Labor Migration as a Factor of Economic Development of the South of Russia

The significant impact of labor mobility on modernization of regional economy determines the relevance of the study. The article examines the main features of labor migration flows in the regions of the Southern Russia and identifies prospects of their innovative development. In contrast to similar studies, the article investigates labor migration in terms of its impact on qualitative changes in the economy of the host territory. It is proposed to distinguish centripetal and centrifugal, as well as inertial, innovative and regression migration. This allows taking into account the role of labor migration processes in modernization of regional economy. The author identifies economic, social and institutional effects of labor migration and determines their main trends on the basis of analyzing labor migration processes in the regions of the southern Russia. The study shows that intraregional migration, in general, is subject to the regularities identified by E.G. Ravenstein. In addition, the quality of migration flows is influenced by educational mobility of young people and by location of South Russian regions along the border. The issue of labor migration regulation is determined by its centripetal nature, which leads to overabundance of highly qualified human capital in regional centers. The study proposes a solution to the problem of labor mobility of the population for modernized development of a region and suggests to implement the projects of public-private partnership dealing with creation of innovative industrial clusters. It is concluded that implementation of cluster projects using the mechanisms of public-private partnership will allow focusing labor resources on enhancing their innovative abilities and their full implementation, to provide the local population with highly skilled jobs. The author emphasizes that these tasks should be interconnected with the tasks of socio-economic development of peripheral territories.

Государственная финансовая поддержка инновационных промышленных кластеров

Государственная финансовая поддержка инновационных промышленных кластеров

Ключевые факторы формирования условий развития инновационно-промышленного кластера

Ключевые факторы формирования условий развития инновационно-промышленного кластера

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ КЛАСТЕРНИХ ПОЛІТИК В УКРАЇНІ НА ПЕРІОД ДО 2020 РОКУ

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ КЛАСТЕРНИХ ПОЛІТИК В УКРАЇНІ НА ПЕРІОД ДО 2020 РОКУ

Creating Commodities Based on the Design Thinking

The factors that comprised a cluster and the state of inter-organizational networks will differ depending on the nature of the product, but incremental innovation that produces refined high-end products appears to be essential for the continued growth. This study investigates product improvement mechanisms in industrial clusters, using Silicon Valley in the U.S., Cremona in northern Italy, and Jingdezhen in China as case studies, shared by both cutting-edge and traditional clusters. As all of the clusters in this research are at the mature stage, the mechanism of open innovation for new highend products is the key to continue developing these clusters. The aim of this research is to find out the conditions for constructing the product improvement mechanisms in industrial clusters. This research is an empirical study based on specific locations which was conducted from 2005 to 2016. A research framework was developed by conducting a wide survey of advanced research, including both primary and secondary materials. In line with this research framework, combined qualitative and quantitative research was carried out. The qualitative research included participant observations that targeted a small number of cases. As a result, open innovation was found to be essential for product improvement in industrial clusters, and the fact was that business producers contribute profoundly to the construction of that mechanism. By maintaining a balance between an arrangement that ensures competition and cooperation that aims to be of benefit to the whole cluster through this kind of leadership, incremental innovation mechanisms will operate toward product improvement, leading to the sustainable development of an industrial cluster. This comparative study contributed theoretically to the accumulation of empirical studies for the creation of innovation in industrial clusters, and practically to the improvement of the product management by showing common factors for product improvement mechanisms in industrial clusters.

Impact of Government Intervention on Industrial Cluster Innovation Network in Developing Countries

ABSTRACTThis article aims to disclose the exact relationship between government intervention and the evolution of industrial cluster innovation network in developing countries. Therefore, this article examines the role of government intervention in the evolution of the network from the perspective of network structure. After reviewing the structure of the innovation network, the author set up an evolution model of industrial cluster innovation network based on weighted scale-free network. Through computer simulations, it is learned that government intervention has a great impact on the evolution of industrial cluster innovation network. In the network formation stage, the impact of government intervention on the average shortest path exhibits as a U-shaped trend. In this stage, the government should intervene moderately to keep a short distance and close contact between the subjects. In the network stabilization stage, the effect of government intervention on the average shortest path is in the shape of an inverted U. In this case, the government should reduce the intervention, encourage enterprise innovation, and reduce the innovation risk of the whole network. The findings provide valuable reference for research in relevant fields.

Global connectedness and local innovation in industrial clusters

In today’s knowledge economy, clusters are a key driver of a country’s competitiveness. Yet a cluster’s technological base is now more than ever influenced by constituent firms’ actions to tap into distant knowledge sources. Drawing on a social network perspective, and distinguishing between horizontal versus vertical organization-based linkages, we explore the effects of a cluster’s connectedness to foreign locations on its innovation performance. We show that improvements in horizontal and vertical connectedness both stimulate a cluster’s innovation performance, but that their relative effects vary across cluster types. Innovation in knowledge-intensive clusters disproportionately benefits from enhancements in their constituent firms’ horizontal connectedness to foreign knowledge hotspots. Innovation in labor-intensive clusters mostly gains from stronger vertical connections by their firms to central value chain players abroad. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on global knowledge sourcing and cluster upgrading.

Technological entrepreneurship in science parks: A case study of Wuhan Donghu High-Tech Zone

Science park has been widely regarded as an effective mechanism to promote innovation and development of new ventures and industrial clusters in a region or country. With a variety of innovation factors such as venture capital and entrepreneurial talents injected into a science park, it demonstrates a positive effect on flowing and converting of knowledge in technological entrepreneurship for emerging economies. In this paper, we constructed an effect model of technological entrepreneurship of a science park in the context of an emerging economy. Specifically, we studied the Wuhan Donghu High-Tech Zone in China. We analyzed the incubation effect of science and technology enterprises, the interaction effect between innovation and entrepreneurship, the synergistic effect between science and technological innovation and system innovation, and the cluster effect and ecological effect. We conducted a system dynamics simulation to quantify the interaction of technological innovation, institutional innovation, technological entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial culture. Simulation results show that a joint action of several innovative subjects and factors promote the development and prosperity of a science park.

Social Networks and Innovation in Industrial Clusters: A Study in case of Turkish Industrial Clusters

Social Networks and Innovation in Industrial Clusters: A Study in case of Turkish Industrial Clusters

グローバル競争時代における日本のデジタルコンテンツ産業集積の競争優位とイノベーションの方向性 : SDガンダムフォースプロジェクトを事例に( 産業集積地域の革新性をめぐって)

グローバル競争時代における日本のデジタルコンテンツ産業集積の競争優位とイノベーションの方向性 : SDガンダムフォースプロジェクトを事例に( 産業集積地域の革新性をめぐって)

Situation analysis forecasting: the case of European maritime clusters

ABSTRACTWithin the literature concerned with aspects of competitiveness, innovation and strategic management of industrial clusters, the body regarding forecasting of strategic management is still nascent. This work aspires to render a contribution within the domain of strategic management forecasting, through the indicative case of European maritime clusters. For this end, a two-tier model is formulated. A quantitative strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) methodology that derives from the fusion of a quondam situation analysis and crosstabs’ theory is generated. This leads to the utilization of the crosstab’s conditional probabilities as transition probabilities; the latter are called to compile the transition matrix of a Markov chain. Through this methodology, and the successive Markov chain’s transition matrices, strategic forecasts are extracted for a devised European maritime cluster case. This work relinquishes a novel application with respect to strategic management forecasting, that provides a dichotomy of practical interpretations and scenarios for quantitative situation analysis. Thus, it may enable effective real-time decision-making for strategic management and/or policy drafting. The situation analysis forecasting model may find applicability in a plethora of practical and theoretical cases, wherein forecasting may be desirable. It may as well pertain to an intrinsic methodology for situation analysis forecasting of maritime clusters.

Equipment Manufacturing Industry Organization Mode Innovation: Made by Scattered to the Cluster Network Transformation-in Henan Province as an Example

Equipment manufacturing industry cluster is the development trend of world equipment manufacturing industry. The industrial scale of China's equipment industry ranks first in the world, but the development level of China's equipment manufacturing industry is in the middle of the world. This paper takes Henan Province as an example, aiming at the problems of industrial cluster innovation system, closely link imperfect, cluster planning and unreasonable layout of existing network transformation in industrial clusters, the ways and Countermeasures of cluster network transformation and development of the cultivation of the dragon shaped chain of industrial clusters, the establishment of national characteristic industrial parks, and guide enterprises closely with universities, scientific research institutions, perfect intermediary service system and other measures. The innovation of this paper is to promote the innovation of the equipment manufacturing industry organization mode, and promote the upgrading and development of the equipment manufacturing industry.

Research on the development strategy of Pingdingshan iron and steel industry cluster with Wugang Company as the core

Arouse the great potential of the industrial clusters will play a significant role in promoting the development of local WuGang company. The article takes the Pingdingshan City as the research object, who is a typical resource-based city and develops on the basis of the local resources of coal and iron ore, the core enterprise WuGang Company is a large state-owned enterprise based on the wide and thick steel plate production. Many problems also exit in the cluster innovation, company network construction, company cooperation. The article is from the perspective of steel industry cluster and cluster innovation. Firstly, the article introduces the correlation theory about the steel industry cluster and the basic development information of Pingdingshan steel industry cluster, and promotes the research purpose and meaning.The article will give the analysis to the problems from the Pingdingshan steel industry cluster and develop the reform proposals and development strategy according to the actual situation.

The formation of the development model of the innovative industrial cluster and methods for evaluating its economic effectiveness

The cluster approach is considered by the authors as the tool to ensure the accelerated development of the country’s industrial complex. In the article the authors examine the problem of forming the model of the cluster development in high-tech sectors of industry and the methods for evaluating its economic effectiveness. Unlike traditional approaches, the authors of the article identify a cluster unit as the main structural element of the development model of the innovative industrial cluster. They think that a cluster unit is one member of the cluster (i.e.one enterprise). This point of view is differed from modern scientists` opinion, who view a cluster unit as the complex of enterprises operating within cluster units. The purpose of the study was the development and the economic evaluation of the model of the cluster development. In this research the authors examined the cluster of industrial biotechnologies. They have developed and proposed the model of the development of the cluster of industrial biotechnologies: the Non-commercial partnership (NP) “The biotechnology cluster of the Kirov region”. This model takes into account the peculiarities of the innovative production. The authors have calculated the absolute and relative effect from clustering taking into account the effectiveness and profitability indicators of the cluster units activities within the cluster in question and the evaluation of the project activity of the cluster. Thus the authors have proved the economic effectiveness of the proposed model of the cluster development. The received research results allow us to conclude that the designed model of the development of the NP “The biotechnology cluster of the Kirov region” provides a steady growth trend of positive economic effect from the corporate activities of the enterprises within the cluster and increase in the region’s competitiveness in the production of high-tech industrial products.

Driving forces of industrial clusters towards innovative clusters: accelerating the innovation process

In recent years, industrial cluster innovation has received considerable attention from economists and industrial analysts. Currently, innovation is a source of competitive advantage for firms and interest in identifying its driving forces has increased from the perspective of industrial clusters. In this paper, we explore the innovation process of industrial cluster towards innovative clusters in developing countries. Based on prior studies, we developed a driving forces model incorporating three main factors – cluster resources, cluster networks, and cluster environment – to simulate and analyse industrial cluster innovation using the Cellular Automata method. Our findings validate the positive relationships between our three factors and industrial cluster innovation. These findings reveal that firms with more resources, higher knowledge sharing, and better networking accelerate their innovation process more effectively. Beyond the immediate implications of our findings, we highlight policy recommendations and implications to improve practitioners’ capabilities related to industrial cluster innovation.

Study on Regional Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform Innovations Evaluation Based on BP Neural Network

Based on the needs of the Regional Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform, innovations evaluation system was established by AHP. In order to simulate the experts' experiences and thinking, we used the improved BP neural network model. After training by putting in actual data, the improved BP neural network model was put in use to evaluate and manage the innovations created by the Regional Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform. With the accelerated process of economic globalization, the world economy appears regional characteristics obviously. In the rapid development of science and technology, the idea that innovation is a key factor in promoting economic growth has become the consensus by academia, enterprises and the government. Faced with intense competition in international technology and economy, most of developed countries have built first- class scientific and technological innovation platform as a support for innovative activity preferences and achieve leapfrog development of strategic initiatives. Regional scientific and technological innovation platform is established in the common needs of pivotal technology innovation in the relative industrial clusters, hunting, gathering and integration knowledge, information, technology, and other related resources for innovation. And provide each innovation subject in industrial clusters with public services and industrial technology innovation support by improving the liquidity, diffusibility of innovations in the platform. In a conclusion, regional scientific and technological innovation platform is an aggregate which linking the various nodes of innovation innovative needs and services effectively (1).Technological innovation platform, as an important carrier of innovation activities in the whole economic society, plays an important role in the regional science and technology and economic development. Thus in the present international science and technology and economic environment, a scientific theory and methodology is necessary to evaluate innovations which was created by enterprises in the innovation platform. It can not only test the efficiency of innovation in the platform, but also provide enterprises innovative resources in the future more efficiently. Nowadays, two important issues must be faced in the evaluation in the platform. First, how the quantitative results can be obtained as quickly as possible in the evaluation on a large number of innovations created by enterprises in the platform continually. Second, each evaluation result of innovations must be scientific, reasonable and consistent with the thinking of experts. These two issues are difficult to simultaneously solve by the general evaluation methods and expert evaluation group.