Innovative Device Research Articles

Effect of voltage amplitude and frequency on the characteristic parameters of a piezoelectric actuated micro-blower

Micro-blower is an innovative device that is used for sensitive applications such as electronics cooling, avionics and the medical field. It features a piezoelectric disc (PED)-diaphragm assembly. A 3D computational model of micro-blower is developed and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics and studied its characteristic parameters such as maximum displacement (w), average velocity (w̅’), maximum von Mises stress (Tv), total kinetic energy (EK), total elastic strain energy (EU) and total electric energy (EE). The frequency-dependent electric potential difference was supplied to the Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-5H) PED. Seven different square wave ultrasonic frequencies were used as input for the PED ranging from 22 to 28 kHz, a resonance frequency is proposed in the study. There were three peak-to-peak voltages, Vp-p, of 10, 15 and 20 V were used. The characteristic parameters were estimated for the diaphragm, PED and PED-diaphragm assembly. For a 20 Vp-p and at 27 kHz, the maximum w reached 1.987 µm. The maximum Tv on the diaphragm surface and EE developed in the PED were 29.925 MPa and 442.98 nJ, respectively. The present numerical results were validated with previous studies on a similar domain and were in good agreement.

Intrinsic multiferroicity in molybdenum oxytrihalides nanowires

Low-dimensional multiferroics, which simultaneously possess at least two primary ferroic order parameters, hold great promise for post-Moore electronic devices. However, intrinsic one-dimensional (1D) multiferroics with the coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are still yet to be realized, which will be not only crucial for exploring the interplay between low-dimensionality and ferroelectric/ferromagnetic ordering but also significant in rendering application approaches for high density information technologies. Here, we present a theoretical prediction of intrinsic multiferroicity in 1D molybdenum oxytrihalides nanowires, especially focusing on MoOBr3 nanowires which could be readily extracted from experimentally synthesized van der Waals MoOBr3 bulk materials. Due to the spatial inversion symmetry spontaneously broken by Mo atoms’ displacements, MoOBr3 nanowires exhibit 1D ferroelectricity with small coercive electric field and exceptional Curie temperature (~570 K). Additionally, MoOBr3 nanowires also possess 1D antiferroelectric metastable states. On the other hand, both ferroelectric and antiferroelectric MoOBr3 nanowires exhibit ferromagnetic ordering on account of the half-filled Mo-dyz orbitals, a moderate tensile strain (~5%) can greatly boost the spontaneous polarization (~40%) and a mild compress strain (~−2%) may readily switch the magnetic easy axis of ferroelectric MoOBr3 nanowires. Our work holds potential candidates for developing innovative devices that exploit intrinsic multiferroic properties, enabling advancements in novel electronic and spintronic applications.

Refining urine collection in mice: Development of an innovative urine collection device.

Urine collection can be challenging in studies involving small rodents like mice, as the actual methods of collection are anxiogenic and constrain animal welfare while having high variability in the volume of urine collected. To improve the current methods and eventually reduce the impact on the well-being of mice, we developed an innovative 3D-printed urine collection device (UCD). This two-compartment UCD is shaped to fit in classical husbandry cages and allows urine collection by spontaneous urination from two mice housed in their own cage without cross-contamination while enabling potential social interactions. We used our UCD to study the evolution of urinary parameters related to renal functions in a model of antibody-mediated chronic kidney disease. Overall, we report here a time-saving and affordable method for urine collection providing a large amount of uncontaminated urine and which we believe may improve animal welfare in comparison with other methods.

Innovative dual-mode device integrating capacitive desalination and solar vapor generation for high-efficiency seawater desalination

Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination. However, due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency, the water yield from solar-driven interface evaporation remains insufficient, posing a significant challenge that requires resolution. In this work, we designed a dual-mode high-flux seawater desalination device that combines solar-driven interface evaporation and capacitive desalination. By utilizing coupled desalination materials exhibiting both photothermal conversion and capacitance activity, the device demonstrated photothermal evaporation rates of 1.41 and 0.97 kg m−2 h−1 for condensate water yield under one-sun irradiation. Additionally, the device exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of up to 48 mg g−1 and a salt adsorption rate of 2.1 mg g−1 min−1. In addition, the salt adsorption capacity increased by approximately 32% under one-sun irradiation. Furthermore, photo-enhanced capacitive desalination performance was explored through numerical simulations and theoretical calculations. Theoretical calculations and characterizations confirmed that the defect energy levels formed by the introduction of sulfur vacancies can effectively widen the light absorption range, improve photothermal conversion performance, and stimulate more photoelectrons to participate in capacitive desalination. Concurrently, the electron distribution state of molybdenum disulfide with sulfur vacancies and surface defect sites contributes to ion/electron transport at the solid-liquid interface. This work provides a novel pathway for integrating solar vapor generation with other low-energy desalination technologies.

Electric Field-Manipulated Optical Chirality in Ferroelectric Vortex Domains.

Manipulating optical chirality via electric fields has garnered considerable attention in the realm of both fundamental physics and practical applications. Chiral ferroelectrics, characterized by their inherent optical chirality and switchable spontaneous polarization, are emerging as a promising platform for electronic-photonic integrated circuits applications. Unlike organics with chiral carbon centers, integrating chirality into technologically mature inorganic ferroelectrics has posed a long-standing challenge. Here, the successful introduction of chirality is reported into self-assembly La-doped BiFeO3 nanoislands, which exhibit ferroelectric vortex domains. By employing synergistic experimental techniques with piezoresponse force microscopy and nonlinear optical second-harmonic generation probes, a clear correlation between chirality and polarization configuration within these ferroelectric nanoislands is established. Furthermore, the deterministic control of ferroelectric vortex domains and chirality is demonstrated by applying electric fields, enabling reversible and nonvolatile generation and elimination of optically chiral signals. These findings significantly expand the repertoire of field-controllable chiral systems and lay the groundwork for the development of innovative ferroelectric optoelectronic devices.

Percolation-Triggered Negative Permittivity in Nano Carbon Powder/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composites.

Percolating composites exhibiting negative permittivity have garnered considerable attention due to their promising applications in the realm of electromagnetic shielding, innovative capacitance devices, coil-less inductors, etc. Nano carbon powder/polyvinylidene fluoride (CP/PVDF) percolating composites were fabricated that exhibit Drude-type negative-permittivity behavior upon reaching the CP percolation threshold. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of a plasmonic state within the interconnected CP network, enabling the delocalization of electrons under the alternating electric field. Furthermore, a significant (nearly two orders of magnitude) increase in the conductivity of sample is observed at a CP content of 12.5 wt%. This abrupt change coincides with the percolation phenomenon, suggesting a transition in the conduction mechanism. To elucidate this behavior, comprehensive analyses of the phase composition, microstructure, AC conductivity, and relative permittivity were performed. Additionally, the sample containing 5 wt% CP exhibits a remarkably high permittivity of 31.5, accompanied by a relatively low dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.2). The findings expand the potential applications of PVDF, while the fabricated percolating composites hold promise for electromagnetic shielding, antennas, and other electromagnetic devices.

Improving the Monitoring and Control of Egg Vitality of Lymantria dispar Linnaeus 1758 Using an Innovative Device and Procedure for Removing Egg Hairs

Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus 1758) populations have the potential to reach outbreak levels, causing disruptions to forest ecosystems across Eurasia and North America. Continuous monitoring of the size and health of the spongy moth population in the egg stage is important for managing population outbreaks. Current methods include counting eggs within egg masses using manual methods. This study introduces an innovative solution aimed at optimizing the prediction of biotic disturbances and preventing the potential risks associated with spongy moth population outbreaks. The challenges and constraints related to the process of hair removal from spongy moth eggs have been effectively addressed through the development of a device powered by a torque-generating unit. This study aims to (1) introduce a novel device designed for the removal of hairs from spongy moth (L. dispar) eggs; (2) introduce a new hair removal procedure; and (3) empirically demonstrate the benefits of the introduced innovations. The introduced device and the procedure enable a significantly expedited diagnosis of the potential for a population outbreak in the current year, with the potential for widespread utilization. This invention enhances our understanding of predicting biotic disorders and facilitates the rapid assessment of the risk of their occurrence.

Intraoral Ultrasound Imaging Using a Rotational Transducer with Periodontal Feature Identification by Machine Learning.

Innovative intraoral ultrasound devices with smart artificial intelligence-based identification for dento-anatomy could provide crucial information for oral health diagnosis and treatment and shed light on real-time detection of developmental dentistry. However, the grand challenge is that the current ultrasound technologies are meant for external use due to their bulkiness and low frequency. We report a compact versatile ultrasound intraoral device that consists of a rotational probe head robustly pivoted around a hand-held and portable handle for real-time imaging of intraoral anatomy using high-frequency ultrasonography (up to 25 MHz). The intraoral ultrasound device that could be adjusted for various orientations of the imaging planes by rotating the head provides real-time, high-resolution ultrasonograms of intraoral structures, including dento-periodontium of most tooth types and maxillary palate. Machine learning-based algorithms are integrated to automate the identification of important structures, including alveolar bone and cementum-enamel junction. The intraoral ultrasound device smartened with artificial intelligence could innovate oral health diagnosis and treatment plans toward precision health and patient care.

Tunable temperature-responsive photonic ionogels with dual signals output

Photonic ionogels with dual electrical and optical output have been intensively studied. However, tunable temperature-responsive photonic ionogel assembled by thermosensitive nanogels has not been studied yet. Herein, an innovative approach to fabricate photonic ionogels has been developed for smart wearable devices with tunable temperature sensitivity and structural color. Firstly, poly(isopropylacrylamide-r-phenylmaleanilic acid) P(NIPAm-r-NPMA) nanogels self-assemble into photonic crystals in 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), water, and the ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate. And then robust photonic ionogels are developed through a polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate crosslinked by poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). The incorporation of the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, enhances the mechanical strength of photonic ionogels and tunes the temperature-sensitivity of the ionogels, making them adaptable to various environmental conditions. The findings demonstrate that these ionogels can serve dual functions in smart wearable devices, combining electrical and optical signal outputs due to the conductivity of the ionic liquid and structural color from the nanogel assembly. The resultant photonic ionogels exhibit exceptional substrate adhesion, mechanical stability, and fast resilience. More significantly, the nanogels within these ionogels serve as the building blocks of photonic crystals (PCs) endow with angle-independent coloration and enhance stretchability beyond 200 %, while the stretchability of the ionogles without the nanogels is only about 100 %. Our photonic ionogels with tunable temperature-sensitivity and dual outputs will open an avenue to the development of the innovative smart wearable devices.

Recent Advances in Geometric Phase Metasurfaces: Principles and Applications

AbstractThe concept of geometric phase traversing numerous domains in physics and has been a continuous source of fascination and inspiration for researchers. Despite the extensive research surrounding geometric phase from decades, advances in technology continue to yield novel theories, innovative devices, and captivating applications, extending even to the realm of subwavelength scales. This review article provides a comprehensive exploration of geometric phase metasurfaces, delving into their design principles and categorizing them based on materials properties. In addition, multi‐fold and reconfigurable metasurfaces based on geometric principle are further explored with their unique capabilities and potential impact on a diverse range of applications, including beam steering, lensing, polarization conversion, and holographic imaging. By examining the state‐of‐the‐art in geometric phase metasurfaces, insights are aimed to offer into their current capabilities and limitations. Finally, the prospects and challenges are discussed that lie ahead for this promising field, paving the way for future advancements and innovations.

Application of metal oxide/porous carbon nanocomposites in electrochemical capacitors: A review

In the past decade, electrochemical capacitors (ECs) have emerged as innovative energy storage devices, attracting considerable interest from both industrial and academic sectors due to their prolonged cyclic stability and impressive power density. Recently, there has been a focus on advancing high-performance ECs by developing electrode material composed of metal oxide incorporated with porous carbon. Integrating metal oxides into a porous carbon structure enhances capacitance, charge storage, and cyclic stability. Furthermore, the porous structure inherent in carbon materials offers efficient ion diffusion and large surface area, thereby augmenting the overall effectiveness of the nanocomposites. Efficient electron and ion transport within the electrode's bulk is achieved through the interaction between electrodes and electrolytes occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface, subsequently increasing the capacitance. This paper summarizes the latest developments in ECs, focusing on key performance metrics such as cyclic stability and capacitance. It also summarizes the recent advancements made in electrode materials, emphasizing the utilization of sustainable feedstocks. As the research landscape shifts towards more environmentally friendly solutions, the incorporation bio-materials into electrode design has gained significant attention. It particularly highlights underlying mechanisms governing the performance of metal oxides/porous carbon nanocomposites in ECs and outlines future research directions aimed at maximizing their potential for next-generation energy storage devices. Additionally, the paper delves into the possibilities and challenges associated with the preparation, and optimization of the structure of metal oxide electrodes incorporating porous carbon to improve energy storage performance in ECs.

(Invited) 3D Printing for Tissue Scaffolds with Tunable Mechanical Durability and Sensing Capabilities

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a prevalent condition among senior women, characterized by the descent or herniation of pelvic organs into the vaginal canal. It is a widespread issue, affecting a significant portion of the elderly female population, and yet, effective medical solutions for this condition remain elusive. This can be attributed to the complex nature of POP, where multiple factors, including tissue weakening and structural changes, contribute to its development. Despite the significant impact on women's quality of life, the absence of comprehensive treatment options underscores the urgency for innovative approaches to address this pressing health concern. In this context, 3D printing emerges as a valuable rapid prototyping tool, offering unique capabilities for designing and fabricating smart sensors and actuators. Its precision and versatility enable the creation of intricate devices that can be customized to specific medical applications. Moreover, 3D printing allows for the integration of sensors directly into biomedical devices, facilitating seamless monitoring and feedback mechanisms. Leveraging this technology, the research endeavors to harness the potential of 3D printing to develop advanced thermoelectric devices that can be seamlessly embedded within POP tissue scaffolds. These innovative devices will serve a dual purpose—detecting the health status of the tissue scaffolds and assessing their mechanical durability. In the realm of embedded medical devices, self-powered sensors hold particular significance due to their wireless powering capabilities and in-situ monitoring capabilities of human health. These sensors can operate without the need for external power sources or frequent battery replacements, making them ideal for long-term implantation within the human body. By tapping into the body's own energy sources or ambient environmental factors, self-powered sensors ensure continuous data collection and transmission, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of healthcare monitoring systems. Consequently, this talk aims to demonstrate the feasibility of 3D-printed thermoelectric devices as self-powered sensors, integrated into POP tissue scaffolds. These innovative devices will play a pivotal role in monitoring the tissue scaffold's condition, ensuring its mechanical integrity, and ultimately contributing to improved healthcare outcomes for women affected by POP.

Alternatives for Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Recycled Rubber Seismic Isolators.

Base isolators, traditionally made from natural rubber reinforced with steel sheets (SERIs), mitigate energy during seismic events, but their use in developing countries has been limited due to high cost and weight. To make them more accessible, lighter, cost-effective reinforcement fibers have been utilized. Additionally, the increasing use of natural rubber has caused waste storage and disposal issues, contributing to environmental pollution and disease spread. Exploring recycled rubber matrices as alternatives, this study improves seismic isolators' mechanical properties through modified reinforcements and layer adhesion. Eight reinforcement materials and eight adhesives, which may be activated with or without heat application, are systematically evaluated. Employing the chosen reinforcements and adhesives, prototypes are tested mechanically to examine their vertical and horizontal performance through cyclic compression and cyclic shear testing. Two innovative devices using recycled rubber matrices were developed, one using a layering technique and another through a monolithic approach shaped with heat and pressure. Both integrate a fiberglass mesh reinforced with epoxy resin; one employs a heat-activated hybrid adhesive, while the other uses a cold bonding adhesive. These prototypes exhibit potential in advancing seismic isolation technology for low-rise buildings in developing countries, highlighting the viability of recycled materials in critical structural applications.

Ultrafast Charge Transfer Cascade in a Mixed-Dimensionality Nanoscale Trilayer

Innovation in optoelectronic semiconductor devices is driven by a fundamental understanding of how to move charges and/or excitons (electron-hole pairs) in specified directions for doing useful work, e.g. for making fuels or electricity. The diverse and tunable electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and one-dimensional (1D) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) make them good quantum confined model systems for fundamental studies on charge and exciton transfer across heterointerfaces. In nature, the photosynthetic apparatus achieves long-lived charge separation through a charge transfer cascade that consists of a series of thermodynamically downhill charge transfer reactions. Inspired by photosynthesis we create a unique mixed-dimensionality 2D/1D/2D MoS2/SWCNT/WSe2 hetero-trilayer. Photoexcitation of this trilayer heterostructure allows us to overcome both intralayer and interlayer exciton binding energies, resulting in coulombically unbound charges with microsecond recombination lifetimes. In contrast to previously demonstrated 2D/2D/2D trilayers based solely on monolayer TMDC layers, the very large charge mobilities and extended electron network of the 1D semiconducting SWCNT layer helps charges delocalize and diffuse away from the interface at which each type of charge is generated. Interestingly, the hetero-trilayer also appears to enable efficient hole transfer from SWCNTs to WSe2, which is not observed in the identically prepared WSe2/SWCNT heterobilayer, suggesting that new dynamic pathways may be opened by increasing the complexity of nanoscale heterostructures. Our work suggests "mixed-dimensionality" TMDC/SWCNT based hetero-trilayers as both interesting model systems for mechanistic studies of carrier dynamics at nanoscale heterointerfaces, and for potential applications in advanced optoelectronic systems.

(Invited) Wearable Electrochemical Devices for Sensing and Treatment of Chronic Wounds

Chronic wounds are characterized by impaired healing and affect millions globally. These wounds result from a variety of factors, including pressure ulcers, venous and arterial insufficiencies, peripheral neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, and surgical complications. Present wound assessment and treatment strategies are expensive and ineffective. For example, widely used visual wound assessment methods lack diagnostic rigor. Wound biopsies address this issue but are expensive, time consuming, and invasive. Similarly, on the treatment side, current FDA-approved products are expensive, have short shelf-life, and achieve complete healing in ~50% cases at best. In this talk I will discuss my group’s approaches to addressing these key issues in wound care using innovative electrochemical devices. Specifically, I will provide details of how we are using new self-powered electrochemical sensors and water-powered biocompatible batteries for wound care applications.

Actitan: A Natural Complex for Managing Diarrhea—Insights from Cross-Sectional Survey Research Involving Patients, Pharmacists and Physicians

Diarrhea continues to be a global health problem as acute diarrhea carries the risk of dehydration, while both acute and chronic diarrhea can significantly affect patients’ quality of life and reduce productivity. The innovative medical device Actitan, which consists of a complex of natural molecules, could be an effective option for the treatment of diarrhea from various causes. The aim of this post-market cross-sectional study was to evaluate the perceived efficacy, safety and usage pattern of the two formulations for adults (Actitan-P) and children (Actitan-F) among patients/child caregivers, physicians and pharmacists. Participants completed online questionnaires with closed multiple-choice questions that were rated on a verbal 5-point Likert scale. These surveys were conducted via the online platform Real World Data, which provides digital questionnaires for patients, doctors and pharmacists. Two separate surveys were conducted for the two formulations, with a total of 2630 participants (1488 participants for Actitan-P and 1142 participants for Actitan-F). Overall, the results indicate a high level of efficacy and safety of the product. In the case of Actitan-F, more than 96% of caregivers rated safety as good or excellent, and over 92% rated efficacy as good or excellent. Actitan-P also received positive feedback: nearly 86% of patients reported good/excellent efficacy, and more than 93% rated safety as good or excellent. These positive evaluations were confirmed by physicians and pharmacists, who also did not report adverse effects. In summary, this study confirms the role of Actitan as a safe and effective option for the treatment of diarrhea of different causes and in different patient groups, including young children.

Advancements in Patient Care and Safety: Integrating Nursing Innovations for Enhanced Healthcare Outcomes

In the realm of virtual environments, hand haptic technology plays a crucial role in capturing the nuanced movements of a user’s hands and fingers. This is complemented by a haptic sleeve that bridges the gap between the arm and hand, effectively translating these movements into corresponding actions performed by a robot avatar within the virtual space. Furthermore, these innovative devices are adept at relaying the force and texture felt by the robot avatar as it interacts with objects in the virtual environment back to the user. This interaction crafts an immersive experience, mirroring the sensation of physically touching and manipulating the objects. The prediction of wearer's joint torques uses the Hill-type model and is made through the flexion movement of the elbow joint. As the user engages in object manipulation through the robot avatar, the haptic feedback disseminates throughout the entire arm, enriching the user experience with a wide spectrum of tactile sensations. This advancement in haptic technology significantly enhances the realism of robot operation, thereby improving the dynamics of human-robot interaction.

Optimizing the Ferroelectric Performance of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Epitaxial Film by La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Capping Layer

AbstractHafnium‐oxide‐based ferroelectrics have garnered considerable research interest, primarily for their robust ferroelectricity at the nanoscale and their high compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductors processes. However, the impact of electrodes on the ferroelectric properties of hafnium‐oxide layer, particularly that of top electrodes, is not yet fully understood even in the simplest capacitor geometry. In this study, the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (LSMO/HZO) epitaxial heterostructure is utilized as a model system to conduct a systematic comparative study on ferroelectricity between the LSMO/HZO (H‐LS) bilayer and LSMO/HZO/LSMO (LS‐H‐LS) trilayer samples. In comparison to the H‐LS sample, the LS‐H‐LS sample exhibits a more uniform polar domain configuration and larger ferroelectric polarization. Moreover, the LS‐H‐LS sample exhibits significant improvements in leakage, endurance, and retention. These substantial enhancements in ferroelectricity are likely due to interfacial stress imposed by the LSMO capping layer and its capacity to accommodate extra oxygen vacancies. These results underscore the pivotal role of oxide‐based top electrodes in determining the ferroelectricity of hafnium‐oxide‐based heterostructures, providing crucial insights for optimizing the performance of innovative ferroelectric devices.

In-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy in the optical and dielectric properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x superconducting film

YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) is a crucial aspect of research in the field of superconducting applications, where its high anisotropy is generally undesirable in strong power transmission. However, from a dialectical perspective, a thorough investigation of material anisotropy can offer an additional degree of freedom to tune potential properties and design innovative devices. This work employed pulsed laser deposition to fabricate a high-quality YBCO thin film (Tc = 89 K) and used the Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometer (MMSE) to determine the complete dielectric tensor of the YBCO film across the ultraviolet to near-infrared spectrum (245–1000 nm), enabling a comprehensive, quantitative study of the optical anisotropy of YBCO. It provided optical constants and dielectric function spectra for different axes. We found that YBCO exhibits birefringence and dichroism both in-plane and out-of-plane. By combining standard critical point (SCP) analysis and first-principles calculations, we identified specific interband transitions related to SCP in the YBCO dielectric spectra, revealing the physical essence of anisotropic optical transitions from a quantum mechanical standpoint. Temperature-dependent studies of the transitions and optical constants were conducted. The work fills a partial void in the optical parameters of the anisotropy of YBCO and holds relevance for understanding the origins of copper-based high-temperature superconductivity.

Interventional Radiology for Bleeding Ectopic Varices: Individualized Approach Based on Vascular Anatomy.

Ectopic varices are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions usually resulting from a combination of global portal hypertension and local occlusive components. As imaging, innovative devices, and interventional radiologic techniques evolve and are more widely adopted, interventional radiology is becoming essential in the management of ectopic varices. The interventional radiologist starts by diagnosing the underlying causes of portal hypertension and evaluating the afferent and efferent veins of ectopic varices with CT. If decompensated portal hypertension is causing ectopic varices, placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is considered the first-line treatment, although this treatment alone may not be effective in managing ectopic variceal bleeding because it may not sufficiently resolve focal mesenteric venous obstruction causing ectopic varices. Therefore, additional variceal embolization should be considered after placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Retrograde transvenous obliteration can serve as a definitive treatment when the efferent vein connected to the systemic vein is accessible. Antegrade transvenous obliteration is a vital component of interventional radiologic management of ectopic varices because ectopic varices often exhibit complex anatomy and commonly lack catheterizable portosystemic shunts. Superficial veins of the portal venous system such as recanalized umbilical veins may provide safe access for antegrade transvenous obliteration. Given the absence of consensus and guidelines, a multidisciplinary team approach is essential for the individualized management of ectopic varices. Interventional radiologists must be knowledgeable about the anatomy and hemodynamic characteristics of ectopic varices based on CT images and be prepared to consider appropriate options for each specific situation. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.