Innovative Perspective Research Articles

Exercise Alleviates Cardiovascular Diseases by Improving Mitochondrial Homeostasis.

Engaging in regular exercise and physical activity contributes to delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the benefits of regular exercise or physical activity in CVDs remain unclear. The disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is implicated in the pathological process of CVDs. Exercise training effectively delays the onset and progression of CVDs by significantly ameliorating the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. This includes improving mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing mitochondrial fusion, decreasing mitochondrial fission, promoting mitophagy, and mitigating mitochondrial morphology and function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of physical exercise in the context of CVDs, establishing a connection between the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the onset of these conditions. Through a detailed examination of the underlying molecular mechanisms within mitochondria, the study illuminates how exercise can provide innovative perspectives for future therapies for CVDs.

Innovative perspectives on urban heritage. Towards the integrated regeneration of mass housing neighbourhoods

Introduction: Many 20th-century residential neighbourhoods exhibit a high degree of obsolescence both in terms of new technical demands and social and environmental requirements. However, current regeneration processes often lack cohesive vision, revealing sectorial biases and inconsistencies in quality interpretation. Methodology: This research proposes a comprehensive review on two levels: (1) integrated studies on urban rehabilitation and regeneration, and (2) a focus on Andalusian neighborhoods as a case study. Results: Drawing from a wide range of literature references, the research highlights the diverse approaches. Detailed case studies, particularly from Andalusia, illustrate the large applications of urban regeneration strategies and studies. Discussions: The research highlights that while residential neighbourhood regeneration has been extensively studied, there's a notable gap in recognising them as heritage assets. The study emphasises the necessity of integrating heritage considerations into urban regeneration processes. Conclusions: The research underscores the complex interplay between heritage conservation and urban regeneration, advocating for a holistic approach that respects historical contexts while meeting contemporary needs.

Computational analysis of bare and alkali metal-encapsulated Al12N12 nanocages for enhanced removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater

Antibiotics, particularly fluoroquinolones, and their residues pose significant risks to both aquatic and human life, underscoring the need for effective removal strategies. While nanomaterials show promise in addressing this issue, the theoretical understanding of their interactions with antibiotics has been limited. In this context, we conducted DFT calculations to explore the interactions between fluoroquinolone antibiotics and the Al12N12 nanocage, aiming to provide valuable data for future experimental investigations. In the present research, the adsorption behavior of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics including ciprofloxacin (C17H18FN3O3), gemifloxacin (C18H20FN5O4), levofloxacin (C18H20FN3O4), moxifloxacin (C21H24FN3O4), delafloxacin (C18H12ClF3N4O4) and ofloxacin (C18H20FN3O4) onto the surface of the bare and metal-encapsulated Al12N12 (Li-Al12N12 and Na-Al12N12) nanocages are studied using dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations. The primary purpose is to explore the potential application of these nanomaterials for efficient fluoroquinolone removal. The results indicate that the encapsulation of Li or Na inside Al12N12 nanocage enhances the adsorption of the FQs. The desorption process is also investigated in acidic medium, revealing that Li-Al12N12 and Na-Al12N12 cages emerge as superior candidate than the bare Al12N12 nanocage for controlled FQs removal applications. The Li-Al12N12 and Na-Al12N12 are introduced as promising candidates for fluoroquinolone removal in aqueous medium. This study might provide an innovative perspective for future investigations in the field of the drug pollution removal using aluminum nitride-based nanomaterials.

Can Digital Transformation Drive Green Innovation in China’s Construction Industry under a Dual-Carbon Vision?

Against the backdrop of increasing global environmental pollution and energy consumption, green innovation is necessary to achieve green transformation. As an industry with a huge demand for resources and energy consumption, the construction industry shoulders the mission of the times to promote green innovation to enhance the ability of sustainable development. Digital technology provides new opportunities for green innovation in the construction industry. However, the impacts and mechanisms of digital transformation driving green innovation have not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, 121 listed companies in China’s construction industry are selected as a sample from 2011 to 2021, and a total of 1331 annual observations are obtained, and the impact and mechanism of digital transformation on construction enterprises’ green innovation are empirically analyzed by establishing regression models. The study indicates that digital transformation can facilitate green innovation in construction companies by enhancing corporate risk-taking and improving corporate governance. Compared with non-state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises have more endogenous incentives for green transformation based on multiple pressures, which to some extent weakens the driving role of digital transformation. The driving effect of enterprises’ digital transformation is more significant when the intensity of regional environmental regulation is high. This paper examines how the digitization of construction enterprises can lead to new greening ideas from the perspective of green innovation. It provides an important theoretical basis and decision-making reference to support the construction industry in its digital transformation and realize the goal of “dual carbon”.

An extremely bad-cavity laser

Lasing in the bad-cavity regime has promising applications in quantum precision measurement and frequency metrology due to the reduced sensitivity of the laser frequency to cavity-length fluctuations. Thus far, relevant studies have been mainly focused on conventional cavities whose finesse is high enough that the resonance linewidth is sufficiently narrow compared to the cavity’s free spectral range, though still in the bad-cavity regime. However, lasing output from the cavity whose finesse is close to the limit of 2 has never been experimentally accessed. Here, we demonstrate an extremely bad-cavity laser, analyze the physical mechanisms limiting cavity finesse, and report on the worst-ever laser cavity with finesse reaching 2.01. The optical cavity has a reflectance close to zero and only provides weak optical feedback. The laser power can be as high as tens of μW and the spectral linewidth reaches a few kHz, over one thousand times narrower than the gain bandwidth. In addition, the measurement of cavity pulling reveals a pulling coefficient of 0.0148, the lowest value ever achieved for a continuous-wave laser. Our findings open up an unprecedentedly innovative perspective for future new ultra-stable lasers, which could possibly trigger future discoveries in optical clocks, cavity QED, continuous-wave superradiant laser, and explorations of quantum many-body physics.

Business strategies, bureaucratic ties, and firms’ innovation novelty: insights from the World Bank enterprise survey

We draw intuitions from the systemic perspective of innovation to develop and test a conceptual model aimed at examining the various factors capable of influencing the novelty of innovations within firms in Visegrad countries. The empirical results based on the analyses of about 2,132 firms revealed that organisational strategies, external collaborations, engaging in research and development, and the legal status of firms marginally influence innovation novelties. Contrary to our expectations, we found that intellectual property rights and bureaucratic ties do not significantly influence innovation novelties. Business cities are also positively correlated with firms’ innovation novelties whilst legal status is not. The main practical implication of the research is that firm managers in the Visegrad Group aiming to improve and sustain the novelty of innovations should consider strengthening their external collaborations as well as having business strategies that must include innovations as well as research and development (R&D). We discuss some implications for theory and policy.

Effective removal of Cr(VI) from water by ball milling sulfur-modified micron zero-valent iron：Influencing factors and removal mechanism

To address the issues of ZVI's susceptibility to oxidation and aggregation, ball milling and Na2S·9H2O modification were employed on ZVI to enhance its efficiency in removing Cr(VI) from effluent. The characterization results expressed that S-mZVIbm had mesoporous and macroporous structures, enabling successful capture of Cr(VI). Moreover, S-mZVIbm had the highest adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) (350.04 mg/g) at pH = 2.00 and reached kinetic equilibrium within 420 min. Furthermore, the adsorption of Cr(VI) by S-mZVIbm conformed to the Avrami-fractional-order model, demonstrated that the adsorption process indicated a complex multi-adsorption process. Meanwhile, the adsorption also fit to Langmuir and Sips models, suggesting monolayer-level adsorption with heterogeneous sites located on S-mZVIbm. The S-mZVIbm could enhance Cr(VI) adsorption through various synergistic mechanisms, such as electrostatic interaction, chemical precipitation, surface complexation, and reduction. Overall, this research presented an innovative perspective for the modification of ZVI, and S-mZVIbm could be widely applied in the practical remediation of wastewater containing Cr(VI).

Specific features of ß-catenin-mutated hepatocellular carcinomas.

CTNNB1, encoding the ß-catenin protein, is a key oncogene contributing to liver carcinogenesis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer in adult, representing the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, mainly due to mutations of the CTNNB1 gene, is observed in a significant subset of HCC. In this review, we first resume the major recent advances in HCC classification with a focus on CTNNB1-mutated HCC subclass. We present the regulatory mechanisms involved in β-catenin stabilisation, transcriptional activity and binding to partner proteins. We then describe specific phenotypic characteristics of CTNNB1-mutated HCC thanks to their unique gene expression patterns. CTNNB1-mutated HCC constitute a full-fledged subclass of HCC with distinct pathological features such as well-differentiated cells with low proliferation rate, association to cholestasis, metabolic alterations, immune exclusion and invasion. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches to target ß-catenin-mutated liver tumours and innovative perspectives for future drug developments.

Single-atom Cu sites on covalent organic frameworks with Kagome lattices for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction to propylene

CO2 to multicarbon fuels via photocatalytic conversion, especially propylene, is a viable pathway, but propylene remains unreported due to the two C-C coupling with the eighteen-electron reduction process. Herein, [1,1′-biphenyl]-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarbaldehyde, and [2,2-bipyridine]-5,5-diamine units were condensed and synthesized in combination with a post-modification strategy, named BTA-COF-M (M = H, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni or Zn). BTA-COF-Cu has distinct kagome lattices and abundant exposed-atom Cu sites, which can induce CO2 to undergo two C-C couplings into C3H6 products under visible light illumination. According to experimental and theoretical analyses, the outstanding performance of BTA-COF-Cu can be attributed to the ideal synergistic contribution of the Kagome lattices and the atomic Cu active sites, which promote CO2 adsorption/activation, facilitate photoexcited charge carrier dynamics, and induce secondary coupling of key intermediates. This research provides an innovative perspective for the construction of Kagome lattice COF with monatomic metal sites for CO2 reduction to high value-added propylene.

Confucian culture, environmental innovation, and family firms' performance: The moderating role of market competition

AbstractEnvironmental innovation has become an important way for family firms to meet institutional requirements and market demands. Based on the dual perspectives of informal institution and environmental innovation, this study constructs a research framework of “culture‐innovation‐performance” to explore the relationship between Confucian culture, environmental innovation, and family firm performance as well as the moderating role of market competition intensity. A total of 529 family firms in the manufacturing industry listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐share stock markets between 2015 and 2021 were selected as the research sample to test the hypotheses using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that Confucian culture significantly promotes the quality of environmental innovation but does not have a significant effect on the quantity of environmental innovation; moreover, both the quantity and quality of environmental innovation can promote the performance of family firms, and this promoting effect is stronger in an environment with lower market competition intensity. This study not only enriches the application of Confucian culture in environmental innovation but also provides guidance on how firms can improve the quality of environmental innovation.

Causal Effect of Immunocytes, Plasma Metabolites, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study and Mediation Analysis in East Asian Populations.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant liver tumor characterized by a low survival rate and high mortality. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of immune cell phenotypes, plasma metabolites, and HCC in East Asian populations. Methods: The summary results for 731 immunocytes, 1400 plasma metabolites, and HCCs were acquired from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs). This study utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to establish causal relationships, which was achieved by employing various statistical methods including inverse variance-weighted, simple mode, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the reliability of the MR data. Ultimately, mediation analysis was employed to ascertain the path that leads from immunocytes to plasma metabolites. Results: Among the 20 immune cells and HCC for East Asians, causal links were found, with one showing an inverse correlation. In addition, 36 metabolites were significantly associated with HCC for East Asians. Through analysis of established causative metabolites, we identified a strong correlation between the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway and HCC for East Asians. By employing a two-step MR analysis, we identified 11 immunocytes that are causally linked to HCC for East Asians through the mediation of 14 plasma metabolites, with Linolenate [α or γ; (18:3n3 or 6)] levels showing the highest mediation proportion (19.3%). Conclusions: Our findings affirm the causal links among immunocytes, plasma metabolites, and HCC in eastern Asia populations by calculating the percentage of the impact that is influenced by plasma metabolites. This study offers innovative perspectives on the early detection, diagnosis, and therapy of HCC.

Connecting the Dots: Bridging Innovation Management and Technology Transfer Through ISO 56002

This paper highlights the significance of centralising innovation within organisations to gain a competitive edge in a rapidly changing world. It emphasises the pivotal role of ISO 56002, a standardised innovation management system, in fostering innovation capacity through diffusion, certification and development. By establishing innovation standards, organisations can consistently generate successful innovations, leveraging their resources and knowledge capital. However, technology transfer faces trust and inter-organisational cooperation barriers. ISO 56002 provides comprehensive guidelines to overcome these challenges and bridge standardisation and innovation perspectives. The proposed framework integrates technology transfer with the ISO 56002 system, consisting of five phases: engagement in innovation processes, certification of technology transferors, overcoming barriers, technology transfer agreements and analysing effectiveness. ISO 56002 facilitates collaboration, resource allocation, strategic planning and adopts a customer-centric approach. This framework fills a literature gap, offering organisations a competitive advantage in technology transfer. The study explores the relationship between ISO 56002 guidelines and technology transfer, emphasising collaboration, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation and improvement. ISO 56002 aligns with various aspects of technology transfer, emphasising sustainability, connectivity and competitiveness. Implementing ISO 56002 drives organisational growth and successful technology transfer.

Educating gender equity through non-competitive cooperative motor games: Transforming stereotypes and socio-affective dynamics

Non-competitive cooperative motor games hold the potential to educate gender equity from a relational perspective. These motor games present educational relational challenges where different genders interact for mutual benefit. Such interactions generate emotional well-being, enhance socio-affective relationships, and promote feminized motor conducts that potentially perform gender hegemonies and reduce gender stereotypes. This study, grounded in the ethics of care and motor praxeology, explored the effects of non-competitive cooperative motor games on group and cross-gender socio-affective rejections, gender stereotypes and emotional well-being, along with the mediation effects of these interconnected variables. Researchers conducted a quasi-experimental study where 11 participants (Mage = 11.16; SD = 1.35) from a summer sports camp played non-competitive cooperative motor games. The study employed sociometric questionnaires, emotional questionnaires (PANAS-C) and gender stereotype questionnaires (NATGEN). Data were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistical techniques, social network analysis and mediation analysis. Results revealed the effectiveness of non-competitive cooperative motor games in reducing cross-gender rejections among girls, maintaining low group rejections, promoting emotional well-being and reducing gender stereotypes. Mediation analysis showed that gender stereotypes and positive emotions act as a protective barrier against group rejection. This study presents an innovative educational perspective that combines the scientific foundations of motor praxeology with the theoretical bases of the ethics of care. The research provides teachers and researchers with a practical pedagogical tool based on non-competitive cooperative motor games. These games are designed to enhance gender equity, promote emotional well-being, and reduce gender-based rejection and stereotypes. Keywords: sociometry, group cohesion, non-formal education, friendship, feminism, sport, inclusion, social acceptance

A generalized behavioral-based goal programming approach for decision-making under imprecision

The body of literature on goal programming (GP) approaches in modeling preferences and the satisfaction philosophy in multi-objective programming (MOP) decision-making processes is extensive. However, there has been little focus on how preferences change in relation to the decision-maker's (DM) behavior within this satisfaction philosophy, particularly in situations involving risk. To address this challenge, we propose introducing a behavior-type utility function into the GP model using the concept of a behavior function. This idea offers an innovative perspective for modeling DM's behavioral preferences in the imprecise GP approach by integrating a risk-aversion parameter specific to each objective. We then formulate a generalized behavioral-based GP approach for decision-making based on this new behavior-type utility function. To validate our proposed approach, we present an illustrative example of project selection in health service institutions, followed by a sensitivity analysis and comparisons with other approaches. The results demonstrate that DM's behavioral preferences significantly impact the decision-making process, and the proposed model provides more reasonable and convenient decisions for DMs with varying degrees of risk aversion.

Physical properties and oxidative stability of mayonnaises fortified with natural deep eutectic solvent, either alone or enriched with pigmented rice bran

This article explores the novel use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) in real food by incorporating them into mayonnaise, either alone or with pigmented rice bran (RB). Results showed that NaDES-fortified mayonnaises could prevent lipid oxidation. Notably, mayonnaises with NaDES2 (betaine:sucrose:water) significantly reduced the production of lipid hydroperoxides, which was maintained to an average of 2.6 mmol LOOH/kg oil, which is 2.9 times lower than the control (7.5 mmol LOOH/kg oil), or 7.4 times lower than mayonnaise with citric acid (19.1 mmol LOOH/kg oil). NaDES2-fortified mayonnaises maintained high tocopherols levels (0.97 g/Kg oil) and reduced volatile compounds from secondary lipid oxidation. This effect may result from NaDES altering the aqueous phase properties of mayonnaise, notably by reducing water activity by ∼0.1. Finally, pre-enrichment of the NaDES phase with bioactive molecules (e.g. from pigmented RB) represents an innovative perspective to promote the health benefits of formulated foods.

LEGAL ANALYSIS OF EU ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT (2024): INSIGHTS FROM PERSONAL DATA GOVERNANCE AND HEALTH POLICY

Background: This study correlates the up-to-date ethical, functional and legal evaluations related to the management and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) under European Union (EU) law, particularly impacting the health data sector and medical standards as provided by the Artificial Intelligence Act within the Regulation adopted by the European Council in May 2024. The initial proposal for the management and governance of the AI sector was submitted in April 2021. Three years later, on 13 March 2024, the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AIA) was adopted by the European Parliament. Subsequently, on 21 May 2024, the Council adopted an innovative legislative framework that harmonises the standards and rules for AI regulation. This framework is set to take effect in May 2026, with the central objective of stimulating and motivating a fair, safe, legal single market that respects the principles of ethics and the fundamental rights of the human person. Methods: The current legal analysis focuses on the European Union’s new institutional governance involving a multistage approach to managing health data, ethical artificial intelligence, generative artificial intelligence and classification of types of AI by considering the degree of risk (e.g. artificial intelligence systems with limited risk and systems with high risk) and medical devices. It outlines the legal framework for AI regulation and governance in the EU by focusing on compliance with the previously adopted legislation in the Medical Devices Regulation (2017) and the In-Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (2017). The paper also examines the application of the newly adopted EU Artificial Intelligence Act in relation to national justice systems, previous EU regulations on medical devices and personal data protection regulation, and its correlation with the European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence. This opens up complex discussions related to judicial reform and access to justice. For this purpose, as a research objective, the legal analysis includes an innovative perspective following an integrative discussion on the latest legal reforms and regulations of the AI sector in Eastern Europe launched in 2024 with a special focus on the latest developments in the EU Candidate Countries namely Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. Results and conclusions: The present research facilitates the exploration of the real benefits of managing innovative AI systems for medical data, research, and development, as well as within the medical technology industry.

Advances and Challenges in the Hunting Instability Diagnosis of High-Speed Trains.

With the continuous increase in train running speeds and the rapid complexity of operation environments, running stability of the high-speed train is facing significant challenges. A series of abnormal vibration issues, caused by hunting instability, have emerged, including bogie instability alarm, carbody swaying, and carbody shaking, posing a significant threat to the safe and stable operation of high-speed trains. Therefore, the monitoring and diagnosis of hunting instability have become important research topics in rail transit. This review follows the development of fault diagnosis for bogie hunting instability and carbody hunting instability. It first summarizes the existing evaluation standards and innovative diagnostic methods. Due to the current limitation of hunting instability evaluation standards, which can only detect large-amplitude hunting, this paper addresses the gap in evaluation criteria for early-stage, small amplitude hunting instability diagnosis. A thorough overview of the progress made by researches in this field of research is given, emphasizing three primary facets: diagnostic signal sources, diagnostic features, and diagnostic targets. Furthermore, given that existing methods only classify faults into small and large amplitudes, which does not meet the practical need for quickly and accurately identifying fault types and severity during operation, this review introduces existing works on the detailed assessment and fault tracing of hunting instability, as well as the mechanisms underlying its occurrence, with the aim of achieving a comprehensive diagnosis of hunting instability. Finally, the limitations of current methods and the future development trends in hunting instability diagnostics are discussed and summarized. This paper provides readers with a framework for the research process of hunting instability diagnosis, offering valuable references and innovative perspectives for their future research efforts.

Discrete Mathematics in Dynamic Network Analysis: Long-Term Efficacy Evaluation of Fotona Laser Therapy for Overactive Bladder Syndrome Using Clustering-Based Patient Subgroup Identification.

Dynamic network analysis, a state-of-the-art application of discrete mathematics, offers unprecedented insight into complex, time-evolving clinical data. This technical report demonstrates the value of evaluating the long-term efficacy of Fotona laser therapy (Fotona d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia) in overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. We analyzed data from 101 female patients aged ≥60 years who underwent Fotona laser treatment, including Vaginal Erbium Laser (VEL) and Urethral Erbium Laser (UEL), between 2020 and 2022. OAB symptom scores (OABSS) were collected at baseline (T0) and at six, 12, 18, and 24 months post treatment. Network graphs were constructed, representing patients as nodes, and symptom similarities as edges. Clustering techniques identify patient subgroups, whereas principal component analysis reduces dimensionality. The dynamic evolution of patient clusters was visualized through changes in average degree centrality over time. This approach revealed three distinct patient clusters with unique treatment response patterns. The results showed a progressive reduction in OABSS, with the total score decreasing by 2.82 ± 3.03 at 24 months. Our method provides novel visualization and analysis of complex longitudinal clinical data, offering insights into personalized treatment strategies for OAB. This report presents one of the first applications of discrete mathematics and dynamic network analysis to evaluate the long-term outcomes of Fotona laser therapy for OAB and introduces an innovative perspective for clinical decision-making in urogynecology.

Photovoltaic performance of pristine and arsenic doped hybrid perovskite

Under the scope of all-solid-state perovskite solar cells, the important role of methylammonium lead halide film lies in facilitating the formation of a photo-generated electronrich film, which directly affects the overall photovoltaic performance. This study introduces a novel chemical strategy aimed at increasing the quality of perovskite film through minimal arsenic doping. The result of the inclusion of arsenic is characterized by high crystalline grains in the attainment of a homogeneous, uniform and ancient perovskite film. The analysis of the UV-Visible spectra indicates that the perovskite film, which is produced under sequential conditions, displays light extraction of electrons for light absorption, more effective electron transport, and adjacent electron transport layer. Different morphology obtained through customized perovskite conditions contribute to a better short-circuits current, which improves overall cell performance. Arsenic-doped perovskite-based solar cells demonstrate a 1.55% increase in power conversion efficiency compared to their nondecorated counterparts, exhibiting 0.20% efficiency. The outcomes not only offer a straightforward method for enhancing perovskite films but also introduce an innovative perspective on constructing high-performance perovskite solar cells using minimal amounts of arsenic, thereby minimizing toxicity in the fabricated solar cells.

Theoretical Gap and Delimitation of Engineering Leadership in the Malaysian Construction Industry

In the context of the Malaysian construction industry, effective leadership remains pivotal for navigating the complexities inherent in engineering projects. Past studies have consistently identified leadership as one of the critical factors in ensuring the success of construction projects. Effective leadership has been linked to project performance, timely completion, and team coordination. Despite the recognized importance of leadership in construction project success, there remains a lack of a clear definition of engineering leadership. This ambiguity poses challenges for the development of robust frameworks to guide and cultivate engineering leaders. This article addresses the theoretical gaps and delimitations remarked in current studies on leadership within engineering sector, specifically in construction industry. A comprehensive review of leadership theories reveals a progression from foundational concepts such as Trait Theory to contemporary frameworks including Transformational and Servant Leadership. While these theories have enriched our understanding of leadership dynamics, there exists a discernible stagnation in the development of new theoretical frameworks. Many studies predominantly focus on validating existing models rather than pioneering innovative perspectives tailored to the unique challenges of the Malaysian construction ecosystem. This review highlights the need for future research to explore and articulate imperative insights that can effectively guide leadership practices within Malaysia's construction sector, fostering project outcomes and sustainable industry development.