Innovation Sphere Research Articles

Event potential of the tourist destination «DUBNO» as a tool for innovative development of the region


 
 
 
 The article presents the substantiation that the development of the event potential of the tourist destination «Dubno» is a tool for innovative development of the region. The study used general and special scientific research methods, including structural and functional analysis, statistical method and comparative analysis. Substantiation of the research results was carried out on the basis of information sources of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the State Service of Tourism and Resorts of Ukraine, Dubno City Council and data from other scientific and official sources. The concept of potential potential of the tourist direction is defined, which is proposed to be a complex concept that includes a set of resources of a certain area that are used or can be used in the practice of events to attract tourists, as well as conditions that have direct or indirect impact on resource base. The main components of the event potential of the tourist direction of Dubno are analyzed and the main problems of its use are given. Natural and anthropogenic tourism and recreational-resource, natural and socio-economic conditions influencing the development of event potential of the studied tourist direction are also described. The role of the event industry in the development of tourism of the territory and its part in the increase of tourist flows as a result of the organization of tours with the use of event potential is characterized. An analysis of the development potential of the Dubno tourist destination was carried out, based on the results of which it was determined that its use will fully contribute to the growth of tourist flows, as the city has many opportunities to organize events of both local and national importance. The shortcomings that may hinder the rapid growth of the destination as a developed center of event tourism, including large-scale festival events, including insufficient accommodation and catering facilities, lack of large entertainment centers and bad-quality roads, which reduced additional investment in development of the tourist infrastructure. It is proved that the development of the event potential of a tourist destination is a tool for innovative development of the region, as it involves achieving sustainable growth of gross domestic product, industrial production and investment as a necessary basis for forming a system of necessary conditions to improve social and innovation sphere.
 
 
 

Technology transfer mechanism and its implementation in the innovation process

Problem setting. Since there are several types of mechanism depending on the direction of innovation activity, it is quite fair that today the category of “legal mechanism” and, in particular, “economic and legal mechanism”, “economic and organizational mechanism” is of interest not only. Target of research. The goal of the research is to outline the conceptual mechanism of technology transfer, where one of the most important factors that have the greatest impact on the functionality, that is the crushing force is the potential of development as an object of commercialization and implementation of ready-to-use technology on the professional market. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Eglė Štareikė analyzed the organizational mechanism through an approach to the system of complex control of an open system of socio-economic integration. Boichuk R. P. uses legal mechanisms to ensure the proper implementation of subjective rights and legitimate interests of economic subjects defined by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. Tereshkina N. E. insists on the existence of normative-legal and regulatory mechanisms in the innovation sphere. Article’s main body. The author points out that the structure of the technology transfer mechanism includes the following elements: the object; the center; the subjects; a set of methods and techniques as tools of analytical, research nature and tools for implementing intentions and plans; the conditions that determine the limitations and requirements for obtaining the target result; the stages An exclusive feature of the organizational and economic mechanism are the subjects and their actions. Entities that create and / or use technologies and / or their components and which own or transfer property rights to use intellectual property rights that are part of technology and individuals who are directly involved in the creation, transfer and use technologies and / or their components, provide the necessary information, financial and other services at all stages of promotion of technologies and / or their components on the market perform certain actions that lead to a certain result at each stage of technology transfer. It was revealed that the stages of technology transfer mechanism consist of stages, which are implemented through processes and end with the compilation of specific documentation. Singling out the individual stages and determining the content of the stages, the processes of each stage is essential for understanding the innovation process. In particular, the following stages: the choice and preliminary assessment of technology; establishment of an assessment of the chosen technology involves the following processes; conducting research to identify a calculation of the assessment of the potential of the development as an object of commercialization and promotion of ready-to-use technology in the core market; cooperation with consumers of technology. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The economic-legal mechanism of technology transfer is considered as a complex inter-branch legal institute that combines the norms of law of different branches (financial, tax, civil, economic law, etc.) and is aimed at systemic legal regulation of social relations in the field of technology transfer on the basis of coordination of legal and economic interests of society. The peculiarity of the structure of this mechanism is that its composition combines both economic regulators and legal factors, the aggregate of which is reduced to the interaction of organizational-economic and legal components. The efficiency of the economic-legal mechanism of technology transfer depends not only on the legal regulation, but also on the coordinated and clear interaction of all its elements and, above all, the actions of the subjects of technology transfer.

PRIORITY AREAS OF UKRAINE’S INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Abstract. Given the complexity of the global epidemiological situation, the struggle for the competitiveness of national economies is exacerbated. For Ukraine, whose economy has now taken the form of deindustrialization, the intensification of innovation is a necessary, extremely important condition for its further development. It was previously thought that the socio-economic development and growth of countries depended mainly on their capital and labor resources, while other lesstangible resources, such as information, training, infrastructure development were treated as external factors influencing market behavior only indirectly. However, overtime, the idea that knowledge management is a determining factor in productivity in both modern and traditional economies is becoming increasingly entrenched. The paper proposes results of the research of Ukraine’s positioning in the global innovation space. It also determines the necessity of priority development of the innovative sphere of the country against the backdrop of crisis phenomena and assesses the position of Ukraine in the Indices characterizing the level of development of the innovative component of the competitiveness of the country’s economy. It underlines the insufficient level of innovation infrastructure development in the country. The authors consider that the basis of Ukrainian innovative competitiveness is the development of institutions, infrastructure and business. These areas need special state support, as their effective implementation is the main competitive advantage of Ukraine. The research was conducted according to the Global Innovation Index sub-indices on the horizon of 2013—2021. Econometric methods are used to generalize the positioning of Ukraine in the global innovation space and the DEA method to study the relative individual effectiveness of the innovation environment and innovation activities in Europe. Keywords: innovation, innovation potential, digitalization, digital transformation, competitiveness, Global Innovation Index. JEL Classification O32, D24, F63 Formulas: 1; fig.: 4; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 20.

Ресурсный потенциал инновационного развития промышленности российской Арктики: оценка и значимость

The aim of the work is to determine a scientifically grounded assessment of the resource potential of the Arctic industry, which determines the possibility of transition the economy to an innovation type of development, taking into account its specific features. The considered scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists made it possible to determine the methodology for rational assessment of the resource potential of the industry of the Arctic territories. The study was performed on the basis of production, technical, investment, staffing and innovation development indicators for 2013–2019. The study showed that in terms of production and technical indicators the Arctic regions generally have an average level of resource potential while the maximum values are typical for the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. In terms of investment indicators, the Arctic regions are characterized by high potential. In terms of staffing, the Arctic regions are characterized by low potential while Murmansk Oblast demonstrated effective personnel policy. Innovation development indicators of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Murmansk Oblast are lower than in the Chukotka and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The Arctic regions are characterized by the differentiation of indicators of resource provision of economic development associated with differences in production, investment, personnel and innovation spheres. The study showed that the highest aggregate resource potential for innovation development is typical for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug while the lowest one is typical for the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Murmansk Oblast. Proposals for further scientific research in the direction of enhancing innovation and accordingly increasing socio-economic indicators of the Arctic regions were developed.

CONCEPTUAL IMPERATIVES FOR OPTIMIZING LABOR MIGRATION FLOWS FROM UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the impact of labor migration of citizens abroad on the international competitiveness of the country, as well as to outline the conceptual imperatives of optimizing the flows of labor migration from Ukraine to preserve the human capital of the country. Methodology. During the study, the dialectical method of scientific knowledge was used, as well as methods of scientific abstraction, generalization of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, the method of statistical and comparative analysis, the graphical method. Results. To identify the reasons for the threatening scale of Ukrainian labor emigration, the country's ranking positions in international rankings of economic freedom, ease of doing business, safest countries to live in, global competitiveness, investment attractiveness index and the Global Innovation Index were studied. Competitive advantages and threats to the Ukrainian labor market are described. Practical implications. It is proposed to reduce the excessive volume of labor migration from the country through the use of innovation potential (given the obvious competitive advantages of Ukraine in the innovation sphere, according to the authors, they have the potential for optimal adjustment of labor migration from Ukraine). A conceptual scheme for the optimization of labor migration flows from Ukraine has been developed. It is based on the assertion that human capacity building in the field of innovation is possible through international innovative cooperation in the system of higher education; one of the main opportunities for rapid innovative development of Ukraine is the participation in international innovation clusters (the application of cluster policy will contribute to the competitiveness of economic entities due to the potential of effective interaction between its participants due to their close geographical location, provides increased access to innovation, technology and highly skilled personnel, as well as reduced transaction costs; clustering is an effective mechanism for attracting foreign direct investment; the integration of national clusters into global value chains can significantly increase the level of the national technological base, increase the speed and quality of economic growth by increasing the international competitiveness of enterprises in the cluster. Value/originality. The scientific novelty of the results obtained consists in deepening the theoretical and methodological foundations and developing practical approaches to the optimization of labor migration flows from Ukraine to ensure an adequate level of international competitiveness of the country. In particular, a conceptual scheme for the optimization of Ukraine's participation in migration processes has been substantiated and the steps of Ukraine's innovation policy for the preservation of the country's human capital have been outlined.

Problems and strategic directions of Ukraine’s integration into the European Research Area

This article is devoted to the problems and prospects of Ukraine’s integration into the European Research Area (ERA). The impact of European integration processes on the state of the economy and innovation ecosystem of Ukraine is studied. Positive results are summarized, and the main systemic problems that hinder Ukraine’s integration into the ERA are identified. A set of organizational and institutional measures for gaining wider access to knowledge, infrastructure, and funding of the European Union and accelerating the pace of integration into the ERA are proposed. Recommendations for the formation of an integrated system of state strategic planning for the development of scientific, technological, and innovative spheres of Ukraine are developed. Strategic priority areas of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of science, technology, and innovation have been identified, taking into account national and global challenges, achievements and potential of Ukrainian science, and the new strategic agenda of the EU.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ СРЕДЫ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The manufacture of innovative products can be both the main and a separate line of business of an economic entity. At the same time, in any case, innovative enterprises have their own production characteristics, as well as the specifics of promoting an innovative product to the market (external and internal). Currently, there are many definitions of the category "innovation sphere", which have similarities and differences.

Modeling the Selection of Innovative Strategy for Development of Industrial Enterprises

The assessment of the state of the innovation sphere of Poland in relation to the world level shows that Poland has educational and scientific potential allowing to produce scientific ideas and developments but the level of their commercialization remains low. As a result, Poland lags in terms of such criteria for the development of innovation sphere as labor productivity and financial support for innovation activities. The methodological basis of the study is the theory of fuzzy sets and the matrix approach — in modeling the selection of strategies to stimulate innovative development of industrial enterprises. The construction of a matrix of strategies is based on the diagnosis of the total potential of industrial enterprises and the level of its implementation in the innovation sphere. Modeling of the selection of innovation development strategy for industrial entities based on the use of fuzzy set theory in assessing the level of investment attractiveness and innovation potential of enterprises is carried out. Based on the proposed methodological approach, the strategic directions of innovative development of three Polish industrial enterprises are substantiated.

MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF INNOVATION

Abstract. Today, the activity of innovatively active enterprises is a rarity in our country, and it never need support and stable operating conditions. However, a number of negative, both external and internal factors and threats significantly destabilize the state of functioning of innovatively active enterprises in Ukraine. In pandemic, their influence has only increased and requires decisive management decisions that would guarantee the safety of business for these enterprises. For the effective implementation of security policy management of the activities of innovatively active enterprises, an effective mechanism is needed, which should include proper resource provision. It is impossible to carry out effective business security and implement planned management decisions without the proper amount of resources. The importance of resource support for business security management of innovatively active enterprises is proved, taking into account legal aspects. It has been established that the efficiency of the financial and economic activity of an innovatively active enterprise depends, first of all, on a certain set of resources at the disposal of the given enterprise. Resources are always limited, so each innovatively active enterprise must determine which goals will ensure the most productive use of these resources. The main factor in the development of enterprises on the verge of the fifth and sixth technological modes is the ability to ensure the flexibility of the production and management process and the relationship between the quality of technology development and active innovation. The purpose is to form the choice of the type of business security management in the innovation sphere under the influence of COVID-19, taking into account legal aspects. The research methodology includes methods of graphic display, abstraction, analysis and synthesis. The main research method was expert research. As a result, a characteristic-meaningful matrix was formed with each type of business security management. Keywords: innovation, security, economic security, enterprises, management. JEL Classification O31, O32 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 15.

Experimental legal regimes of mobilization type as a method of legal regulation in the context of COVID-19 spread

Experimental legal regime; COVID19; legal regime; legal experiment; “regulatory sandboxes”; legal technique; classification of legal experiments; legality; experimental legal regimes of mobilization type on legal forecasting and legal interpretation methods. The theoretical basis of the research includes well-known legal science categories, i.e. legal regime and legal experiment that get a new interpretation with the appearance of experimental legal regime institute. The main results of the research, scope of application. Experimental legal regime is a broader legal phenomenon than regulatory sandboxes, which includes not only regulation of the digital innovation sphere, but also other rules that are limited in time and space. There are legal regimes with signs of experimentation that are not officially identified by the state as experimental legal regimes. The work studied the experience which arose due to modern changes in state and legal regulation caused by the global epidemic of COVID-19. It is suggested to divide the legal experiments according to the purpose of experimental legislation into the following groups: optimizing, progressive and mobilization ones. The aim of the first group named “Optimizing legal experiments” is to test using of new regulation applied to a large and complex object. The second group named “Progressive legal experiments” is intended to check whether the abandonment of old laws is beneficial in the innovation field. The result is creation of a smart regulation for economic and technological development. The third group named “Mobilization legal experiments” is aimed at maintaining of the existing level of resources, security, and infrastructure in the event of critical situations. It is being proved that the legal restrictions aimed at preventing of COVID-19 viral infection spreading can be classified as experimental legal regimes of mobilization type. The criterion for distinguishing of mobilization experimental legal regimes from others is the voluntary participation in the legal experiment and the goal of the experimental legal regime.Conclusions. The development of mobilization experimental legal regimes implies raising of their legality. It can be achieved by the provision of legal guarantees such as the goals of the legal experiment and the evaluation of their consequences. This will allow identify whether the consequences of the experiment correspond to the goals of the new legal regulation. There must be grounds for limitations to legal certainty caused by legal experimentation. Their manifestation is the goal and evaluation criteria, with the help of which it is possible to determine whether the consequences of the establishment of the experiment correspond to the goals of the new legal regulation. Otherwise, there is a risk of unjustified infringement of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens.

Brazilian path to innovation economy

The article discusses the process of emergence and development of an innovative economy in Brazil. The focus of the study is the policy of the state in the field of science, technology and innovation, including the innovation strategy, as well as the methods and mechanisms used in solving emerging problems. Particular attention is paid to the involvement of private companies in the innovation sphere and their comprehensive support in the creation of new products and services, including the issues of financial incentives for their activities. The issues of developing higher and postgraduate education, as well as the activities of research institutes and the creation of scientific departments in private companies are analyzed. The qualitative changes that took place at the turn of the century in the state policy to support private companies and in the position of entrepreneurs in the innovation sphere, which led to the rise of innovation, are considered. The author's task was also to find new drivers of innovative development, primarily related to the market. One of these drivers was the rise in venture capital investments in 2019-2022. Thanks to the high dynamics of investments, Brazil has taken a leading position in the region in terms of their volume.

REALITIES OF INNOVATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION, OR WHEN THE INTERNET DISAPPEARS

The article attempts to explore and highlight the peculiarities of innovative development of higher pedagogical education in Ukraine at the present stage, to outline the possible “modernization” risks of such progress. The relevance of the chosen topic is due, on the one hand, to the fact that innovation in education is a requirement of the time, on the other hand, the sphere of innovation is extremely complex and multifaceted, so it is quite difficult to study and predict. The following theoretical methods were used for the study: systematic analysis of researches of domestic scientists on the problems of innovative development of society and education, meta-analysis of applied research; structural and logical analysis of the studied processes. Five main featuresof the development of higher pedagogical education and related “modernization risks” were outlined the first two key features of the innovative development of higher education in Ukraine: formalization and regulation of innovative activities in the field of education («top-down» position) and the rapid accumulation of scattered empirical data on certain aspects of innovation in education; the third feature of innovative development of higher pedagogical education in Ukraine is the dominance of empirical findings on certain innovative aspects with low productivity of innovative solutions. Higher education in the information society really needs innovations and can no longer be imagined without digital technologies, but, in our opinion, there is a phenomenon of certain identification and sometimes substitution of the concepts of «innovation» and «digitalization». This is the fourth feature of the innovative development of higher pedagogical education in Ukraine. The last (fifth) feature of the innovative development of higher pedagogical education that we have identified is closely related to the concept of «digital divide»

Ukristei as an integral component of Ukraine’s innovation system

In general, during the last years international cooperation in the scientific and technical sphere is characterized by active contacts and exchange, wide range of interesting perspective projects, proper level of regulatory and legal support and powerful basis for further development of relations between scientific and educational institutions. The separate significant area of the scientific and technical segment of Ukraine’s cooperation is activity in the sphere of innovations and technological transfer. Ukraine, like other UN member states, has joined the global process of ensuring sustainable development in order to create favorable conditions for development and wider application of innovations. Within the framework of the development of Ukraine’s diplomatic relations with EU member states, Eastern Partnership countries, participation in bilateral scientific and technical cooperation within the framework of intergovernmental agreements, cooperation with international organizations and foundations has reached a much higher level of strategic partnership. Ukraine is an active participant of international cooperation in the sphere of technology transfer. Ukrainian international cooperation in modern conditions needs new mindset and approaches. As a result of the redistribution of the international balance of forces with the participation of Ukraine existing integration blocks are being modified, additional opportunities for the creation of new configurations of the international scientific and technical partnership were arised. The transfer of innovative technologies is of particular importance. International cooperation is one of the effective tools of Ukraine’s integration and forms a special common space area, which is a continuous flow source of technological innovations and a convenient tool of innovation development in the field of technological transfer. Cooperation with foreign scientists will allow to create specialized databases of technologies/developments; conduct of research on the definition of exchange regulation of scientific and technical products; attracting the best experts for scientific and technical expertise; consulting support of business-incubators and startup-companies; coordination of joint researches; participation in business and technological cooperation of partner countries as a component of the general innovation space.

КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТЬ РЕГИОНА КАК ОСНОВА ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article considers the main aspects of the formation of spatial economy based on the innovative development of regions, the main components of the federal policy of regional development and the components of the innovation system within the framework of the formation of the structure of the spatial economy, the main incentives contributing to the development of cooperation in the innovation sphere, as well as factors determining regional competitiveness.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ І СУПЕРЕЧНОСТІ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ГЛОБАЛЬНОМУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ

Objective. The main goal is to identify the prerequisites, factors and nature of the formation of the national innovation system in global innovation environment. Methods. The study uses such methods as: morphological – to define the concept of ″national innovation system″, systemic analysis – to study transformation factors in the innovation system and peculiarities of the development of the national innovation system, methods of comparative analysis – to identify the nature and to compare the types of innovation transformations of the national innovation system in global innovation competition, integrated approach – to determine directions of contradictions in the implementation of the national innovation system. Results. The article defines that the national innovation system is a universal instrument for implementing novations and innovations. The concept of the development of the national innovation system of Ukraine defines the national innovation system which includes subsystems: state regulation, education, knowledge generation, innovation infrastructure, production. The author proves the development of the national innovation system connected with qualitative structural shifts in the world economy development, which is directly determined transformation in the innovation system under the influence of internal and external factors in global innovation environment. Based on the study of the content of the national innovation system and the innovation factors of its formation, the objective and subjective features of its development are summarized. The nature and types of innovation transformations of the national innovation system in global innovation competition are revealed. The directions of contradictions of the implementation of the national innovation system, which contribute to the restructuring of the entire system of economic relations through the implementation of innovations: property relations, goals and means of economic growth, the structure of the economy, distribution relations, the type of reproduction, are defined and substantiated. Scientific novelty. The author proves that the level of innovation infrastructure and the share of private and public sectors in it, the depth of interaction between countries in the innovation sphere, and the innovation potential of the country's regional economic systems is to be considered objective features of the development of the national innovation system. Strategic orientations for the formation of the national innovation system in Ukraine are also determined: deepening of international scientific, technical and innovation cooperation between Ukraine and the EU regarding the acquisition and use of innovative knowledge; cooperation in the field of innovation infrastructure development; participation in EU programs; transfer of advanced technologies. Practical significance. The study of the mechanism of formation of the national innovation system provides an opportunity to develop the concept of the innovation type of development of the national economy. Key words: global innovation environment, national innovation system, innovation transformations, contradictions, evolution, adaptation.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

The article clarifies the essence, structure, properties and significance for the national economy of innovation, the effectiveness of which depends on the appropriate level of financial security. The analysis of the latter found, first, the predominance among the main sources of own resources of economic entities, whose share over the past seven years was over 85%, which maintains economic independence and independence from creditors, ensures high mobility of money, focuses management in in the hands of the management of the enterprise or owners. However, the shortage of equity of innovation entities often leads to limited or fragmented funding for innovation, which significantly exacerbates the problem of further growth of innovation. Secondly, the level of investment in innovation is rather low. In 2020, the share of foreign investment in the structure of financing innovation was only 0.9%, and domestic investment in general 0.3%. In the same year, due to the spread of coronavirus infection, domestic investment in innovation was almost halved and amounted to only 45.2 million UAH, which does not meet the needs of today. It is determined that one of the ways to solve this problem may be to develop an effective system of investment in innovation, which should meet such principles as flexibility and purposefulness, which involves the rapid introduction of new scientific and technological advances in the economic system; validity and legitimacy, which should provide a stable legal framework, legal protection of participants in the investment process; multiple sources of investment, which will significantly minimize uncertainty and risk, and thus lead to increased internal and external investment inflows into the innovation sphere. Thus, an effective system of investment in innovation should be considered as a set of economic institutions and entities whose activities are aimed at accumulating short- and long-term investment resources to invest in innovation; multi-vector set of activities and related economic mechanisms designed to ensure investment in the innovation process; system of relations between the elements of investment and innovation systems of the national economy in order to build a holistic and powerful Ukrainian innovation system.

China's innovative development and challenges for the future

Based on the information published in a number of primary documents (in particular, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, the Program of International Scientific, Technical and Innovative Cooperation in 2006-2020, the 14th five-year Plan of Economic and Social development, etc.. The article analyzes the progress and results of the innovative development in China, as well as the goals and objectives of the country in this aspect until 2035. The author shows that China has been actively and consistently striving for an innovative breakthrough for decades as an opportunity to achieve leadership in the world economy, and has already recorded a number of achievements in this area. But the problem of China remains largely the continuing innovative and technological dependence on both Western countries and the Russian Federation. This is a serious deterrent for China - both in the technological and innovative spheres, as well as in the socio-economic system and foreign trade activities. At the same time, it is important for China to ensure sustainable and long-term development. In this regard, the main point of the state development programs in China is the task of becoming a "technologically self-sufficient" state, creating its own developments independently. To this end, China seeks to promote international scientific, technical and innovative cooperation as an equal, not a "junior" partner, as an innovator, not as an importer.

ПРАКТИКА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СВІТОВОГО ДОСВІДУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРОВІДНИХ КРАЇН В ІНТЕРЕСАХ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The work examinesthe four-level pyramid of the implementation of the country's innovative development policy, which ensures the development of the innovative sphere based on the principles of systematicity, which includes: level 1 “Basic conditions of doing business in the country” : the rule of law, competitive markets, flexible labor markets, effective protection of property rights ( in particular intellectual) and a culture of trust; level 2 “Efficient tax, trade and investment environment” : this environment should stimulate trade and foreign direct investment; level 3 “Key factors of innovative production” : provides for the provision of innovative production with the necessary factors - technological capital funds, qualified labor force, innovative infrastructure; level 4 “Special incentives for innovative activity” : effectively developed incentives for innovative activity taking into account the competitive advantages and disadvantages of the country. Innovation policy includes such tools as tax incentives for R&D, support for regional innovation clusters and innovative small businesses, etc. The essence of innovative models of economic development and the experience of countries (the USA, Switzerland, Spain, France, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Singapore and the Czech Republic) in stimulating, supporting and encouraging the innovative activities of enterprises are analyzed with the aim of the possibility of using similar practices in the economy of Ukraine on the path of its innovation development and security. A thorough analysis of Ukraine's position in several international ratings, which assess innovation potential and innovation capacity, has been carried out. So, in particular, the ratings of Ukraine by the components of GII, the Bloomberg innovation index, the value of the main criteria of HICT, the ratings of Ukraine and individual countries of the world according to the Index of readiness for advanced (frontier) technologies were considered and analyzed, weaknesses and strengths were determined, the general dynamics and future trends were outlined and assessed the given indicators. After analyzing the state and development trends of the innovation sphere in the EU countries, concrete steps are outlined in the direction of improving the state of innovation and innovation security in Ukraine.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ФАКТОРОВ НА ИННОВАЦИОННУЮ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ КИРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article considers the main approaches to assessing innovation security through the prism of the activity of the regional economy in the innovation sphere. The key disadvantage of methods for assessing innovation activity is the lack of assessment of the influence of factors on the effectiveness of innovation activity or on the integral indicator of innovation activity. Based on the identification of groups of factors that have the most significant impact on innovation activity, a study was made of their influence on the prospects for innovation security in the region.

Применение шкалы готовности технологий в государственном финансировании НИОКР в странах ОЭСР

The article describes evolution of Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale and analyzes prospects of using TRL methodology as an instrument of public financing of R&D and innovation in OECD. It is noted that TRL was first applied at the end of 1960s by NASA, where it was used as a means of measuring progress in technology development. In the beginning of 2000s, it has become a widespread project management tool. Advantages and limitations of the TRL scale application in R&D project management are revealed in the article. In 2010s, several countries and regions started using TRL methodology in different capacity – as an instrument of public funding of national innovation systems. EU also announced plans to build TRL into the foundation of its new innovation policy. The plans were partially implemented in the subsequent EU Framework program Horizon 2020. Application of TRL scale was limited to tender documents and applications for project funding. It was not applied in the program budget planning or in assessment of project results. The authors claim that in order to use TRL methodology in public funding at full length, it is necessary to create certain conditions. The most important of them are: a} clear definition of the stages (types) and results of scientific and technical activities in accordance with the TRL methodology and linking them with the instruments of public support; b) development and application of appropriate number of industry-specific TRL scales; c) wider usage of TRL methodology and other indices of readiness in planning, implementation and integral evaluation of the results of R&D projects; d) introduction of TRL methodology into national systems of accounting and reporting on R&D projects and development of science, technology and innovation sphere.