Inventive Problem Research Articles

Enhancing Cable Gland Design Efficiency through TRIZ-Driven Innovation

This study introduces a novel approach to cable gland design through the utilization of TRIZ tools. A cable gland serves two primary functions: retaining and sealing cables within an enclosure, while also offering secondary features such as earthing and cable protection. The number of components in a gland type is determined by functional requirements. Given its classification as a low-cost, high-volume product, the competitive edge lies in achieving reduced selling costs and simplified installation. Addressing key challenges, which include a high component count (currently nine) and a cumbersome installation process, forms the core focus of this work. The research outlines the TRIZ-guided process and methodology employed to devise inventive solutions to these issues, resulting in a component reduction from nine to four. Moreover, the study encompasses the incorporation of various constraints in the development of efficient cable gland designs, yielding several innovative concepts. The paper also introduces proposed system designs and architectures, established based on TRIZ-derived inventive principles, paving the way for subsequent system prototype development. The work underscores the accelerated problem identification and solution generation facilitated by TRIZ tools. The evolving concept is presently situated within the feasibility and design phase, effectively addressing both primary and secondary challenges through TRIZ methodologies. Keywords: Inventive Problem solving, TRIZ, Engineering Problem, Cabled land, Trimming

An Eco-Innovative Green Design Method using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and Importance–Performance Analysis Tools—A Case Study of Marker Pen Manufacturing

This study explores innovative designs for the cap of a marker pen, aiming to address the issues of cap loss and ink evaporation during marker pen usage. This study applies intrinsic safety, universal design and TRIZ as research methods. TRIZ has great potential to address most of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relevant to conflict-oriented problem solving for innovations. The principles of simplification, foolproof design, clarity of states, and tolerance from intrinsic safety were applied to prevent cap loss and minimize the risks associated with ink evaporation. The TRIZ methodology’s contradiction matrix was utilized to identify relevant inventive principles by improving parameters and avoiding worsening parameters, providing a reference basis for product structure design. Lastly, the principles of equitable use, simplicity, intuitiveness, and effortless design from universal design were employed to enhance the marker pen’s usability for the general public. This study creates a SERVQUAL questionnaire to compare the prototype of the designed pen cap with commercially available pen caps. It utilizes the two-dimensional quality model (Kano model) and Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) for practical design analysis. Finally, the prototype structure is visualized using graphic software. The innovative design features of this study include the following. (1) Concealable pen tip: the sliding seal hides the pen tip inside the pen body when the pen core is slid upwards, preventing cap loss and ink drying. (2) Quick retractable function: using a pressing mechanism, the pen tip can be quickly retracted with a one-handed press and slide motion. (3) Replaceable pen core: the pen core can be replaced by disassembling the pen body, removing the old pen core, and inserting a new one, thereby extending the pen’s lifespan. (4) Satisfaction evaluation of the innovative pen cap design: through questionnaire surveys and cross-analysis using the IPA and the Kano model, this study assesses the product’s manufacturing and mass production value to reduce actual product development costs and time.

Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Vocational Colleges

Innovation and entrepreneurship education is an inevitable choice for the education reform of vocational colleges. This article analyzes the necessity of constructing an innovation and entrepreneurship education system in vocational colleges and the problems in innovation and entrepreneurship education in Jiangsu vocational colleges. It proposes to build an innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system that integrates expertise and innovation, improve the practice system of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and establish an evaluation system for innovation and entrepreneurship education with the characteristics of vocational colleges.

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Innovation is a key factor in economic growth and competitiveness. It enables businesses to create new products and services, which increases their efficiency and profitability. However, innovation is costly. It requires significant financial resources, which are not always available to enterprises. This is one of the main problems hindering the innovative development of the economy. The purpose of this article is to study modern approaches to financing innovations, identify the factors that influence the choice of financing sources, identify existing problems, and develop proposals for their solution. The article examines the main sources of financing innovations, which include budget financing, company’s own funds, and attracted and borrowed funds. It argues that effective financing of innovative activity requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account both internal and external factors. Solving the problems of financing innovations and increasing the efficiency of innovative projects is an important task for increasing the competitiveness of the economy. For the successful development of innovations, it is necessary to create a favorable environment for financing and develop effective mechanisms for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative projects. Solving the problems identified during the research will help increase the level of innovative activity in the country and contribute to the growth of its competitiveness.

Legal security of the system of infrastructure support of innovative activities under the conditions of European integration processes

Problem setting. The European integration vector of the development of Ukraine in modern conditions should be directed to the key needs of the state, one of which is the aspiration to join the EU, which should be based on established processes of approximation of current legislation to international legal standards and dynamism of entry into the European scientific, educational and digital spaces. Martial law outlined new priorities for state support, however, the implementation of innovative activities is of key importance for ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy, the innovative path of which is actualized precisely through the relevant strategic orientations and measures, which must be of a systemic nature. analysis of recent researches and publications. Legal issues of implementation of support for innovative activities and problems of infrastructural support of the innovation process have been studied by many scientists. In the scientific works of S. V. Hlibko topical issues regarding the improvement of the legal regulation of the innovation process were investigated. O. V. Rozghon conducted a study of conceptual provisions regarding the substantiation of the essence of the category “international technology transfer” and a bibliographic analysis of the study of this category. Yu. M. Zhornokui analyzed legislative and doctrinal approaches in European countries regarding the formation of organizational and legal forms of venture investment in innovative activities. the purpose of the research is to study the topical legal issues related to ensuring the systematic nature of infrastructure support for innovation in the context of European integration processes. article’s main body. In today’s conditions of intensification of integration and globalization processes, one of the main factors in increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises is their capacity for innovative activity, the economic effect of which is positive only in the case of the systemic nature of the implementation of innovative changes based on e formed innovation strategy. Proper strategic planning and systematic measures to support activities in the innovation market have a decisive influence on the state of the national economy, including its innovative direction. Today, there are indeed legal problems regarding the lack of a systematic approach to ensuring the innovative development of the national economy and regions of Ukraine, which require an urgent solution in the conditions of the general trend regarding the passive-static state of the current legislation in the field of innovation, taking into account the need for the intensification of European integration processes. The legal support of the national innovation ecosystem should have effective means of supporting and stimulating the implementation of innovative activities and the corresponding infrastructural support of the innovation process, taking into account modern challenges, real needs and generally defined strategic guidelines of the state in this area. At the same time, the construction of an effective innovation policy should also take place according to the principle of adaptive formation, taking into account the real needs of regulatory regulation, the current state of innovation development, the need to ensure effective interaction between all subjects of the innovation infrastructure and components of the national innovation system. conclusions and prospects for the development. The study of current legal issues regarding the provision of systematic infrastructural support for innovative activities in the context of European integration processes allows us to conclude that a dynamic push is now urgently needed for the development of all components of the country’s general innovation ecosystem, a decisive role is played by the use of a systemic approach, which will provide the opportunity to optimize the use innovation potential of Ukraine and significantly increase the competitiveness of the national economy based on the construction of an effective national innovation ecosystem.

Legal security of the system of infrastructure support of innovative activities under the conditions of European integration processes

Problem setting. The European integration vector of the development of Ukraine in modern conditions should be directed to the key needs of the state, one of which is the aspiration to join the EU, which should be based on established processes of approximation of current legislation to international legal standards and dynamism of entry into the European scientific, educational and digital spaces. Martial law outlined new priorities for state support, however, the implementation of innovative activities is of key importance for ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy, the innovative path of which is actualized precisely through the relevant strategic orientations and measures, which must be of a systemic nature. analysis of recent researches and publications. Legal issues of implementation of support for innovative activities and problems of infrastructural support of the innovation process have been studied by many scientists. In the scientific works of S. V. Hlibko topical issues regarding the improvement of the legal regulation of the innovation process were investigated. O. V. Rozghon conducted a study of conceptual provisions regarding the substantiation of the essence of the category “international technology transfer” and a bibliographic analysis of the study of this category. Yu. M. Zhornokui analyzed legislative and doctrinal approaches in European countries regarding the formation of organizational and legal forms of venture investment in innovative activities. the purpose of the research is to study the topical legal issues related to ensuring the systematic nature of infrastructure support for innovation in the context of European integration processes. article’s main body. In today’s conditions of intensification of integration and globalization processes, one of the main factors in increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises is their capacity for innovative activity, the economic effect of which is positive only in the case of the systemic nature of the implementation of innovative changes based on e formed innovation strategy. Proper strategic planning and systematic measures to support activities in the innovation market have a decisive influence on the state of the national economy, including its innovative direction. Today, there are indeed legal problems regarding the lack of a systematic approach to ensuring the innovative development of the national economy and regions of Ukraine, which require an urgent solution in the conditions of the general trend regarding the passive-static state of the current legislation in the field of innovation, taking into account the need for the intensification of European integration processes. The legal support of the national innovation ecosystem should have effective means of supporting and stimulating the implementation of innovative activities and the corresponding infrastructural support of the innovation process, taking into account modern challenges, real needs and generally defined strategic guidelines of the state in this area. At the same time, the construction of an effective innovation policy should also take place according to the principle of adaptive formation, taking into account the real needs of regulatory regulation, the current state of innovation development, the need to ensure effective interaction between all subjects of the innovation infrastructure and components of the national innovation system. conclusions and prospects for the development. The study of current legal issues regarding the provision of systematic infrastructural support for innovative activities in the context of European integration processes allows us to conclude that a dynamic push is now urgently needed for the development of all components of the country’s general innovation ecosystem, a decisive role is played by the use of a systemic approach, which will provide the opportunity to optimize the use innovation potential of Ukraine and significantly increase the competitiveness of the national economy based on the construction of an effective national innovation ecosystem.

Use of TRIZ Applications to Achieve Systematic Innovation Through Innovative Problem Solving in Hospitals

The aim of this research is to find out the use of the TRIZ application to build a systematic innovation in solving problems in hospitals in an innovative way. Research method used literature review method with qualitative approach. The data obtained in carrying out this research is secondary data that comes from various studies. Data is taken from international-based articles with a research range from 2017-2023. The data obtained is known to be a total of 11 international journal articles spanning 2017-2023. The data were analyzed by identifying the existence of identities, methods, research results, and categories in the form of services, infrastructure, and facilities. Finally, the findings of this study can be seen that services have a total of 9 of 11 data literature, infrastructure has a total of 3 of 11 data literature, and facilities have a total of 3 literature of 11 data. So from when the three were totaled it was 15/11 the data obtained from the research results. In terms of services, infrastructure and facilities, the problems in hospitals can be solved innovatively and systematically using the TRIZ method.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Research and Innovation Ability of Top Students in Colleges and Universities

To cultivate the university students' ability of scientific research and innovation is one of the important tasks of higher education in our country. Based on the grounded theory, this study deeply explores the influencing factors of the scientific research innovation ability of outstanding college students who have made great achievements in scientific research, so as to improve and optimize the training method of scientific research ability of college students. It is found that the scientific research innovation ability of students with excellent achievements in scientific research is mainly affected by environmental characteristics, ability structure and quality structure. Environmental characteristics mainly refer to the resources, opportunities and information obtained by students in scientific research practice. Ability structure emphasizes students' judgment, reasoning power and practical power when solving scientific research innovation problems, and quality structure includes personality and quality factors. It is the "source power" of students' scientific research and innovation. It is suggested that educational authorities and colleges and universities implement a multi-subject collaborative training mechanism, pay attention to cultivating college students' ability of planning, self-learning and practice, set up more easy and targeted psychological counseling centers, and encourage college students to be innovative, dare to be the first, and be good at doing well while cultivating young people who truly have "four self-confidence".

Application of TRIZ Innovation Method to In-Pipe Robot Design

The peristaltic in-pipe robot incorporates multiple actuators, and achieving precise cooperative control among these actuators poses significant complexity. To address these issues, the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is applied to identify and resolve physical and technical conflicts in the creative design process of peristaltic in-pipe robots. By highlighting the insights on and technical guidance offered by TRIZ’s inventive principles, this paper examines the method for realizing a single-motor-driven peristaltic in-pipe robot from a transmission perspective. By employing a combination of connecting rods, cam mechanisms, and gear systems, a one-DOF peristaltic in-pipe robot was devised. Subsequently, a prototype was constructed, and successful bidirectional motion tests were conducted within pipes. The findings highlight the efficacy of the TRIZ-based design approach in innovatively designing one-DOF in-pipe robots and the unnecessary employment of complex multi-drive cooperative control in peristaltic in-pipe robots.

Research on the Reform of China's Education Policy System Integrating Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education

At present, the IEE (innovation and entrepreneurship education) of local applied universities is obviously insufficient, which affects the development of graduate students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability. Although universities have included IEE as a compulsory course as one part of the talent training plan, the number of courses actually implemented in reality is very small, which makes it difficult to effectively train and educate students. In order to carry out real innovation and entrepreneurship teaching, it is necessary to reform the existing IEE model of local applied universities and put it into practice. Cultivate college students' insight, judgment and decision-making ability on opportunities and problems of innovation and entrepreneurship, and at the same time, immerse college students in the atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship in all directions through diversified IEE organizations. This paper analyzes the present situation of China's educational policy system reform, finds out the problems and then finds out the solutions.

Successful innovation strategies to overcome the technical challenges in the development of wave energy technologies

Despite the considerable efforts the international research community has made over the last decades, wave energy technologies have failed to achieve the desired design convergence to support their future market growth. Many technical challenges remain unresolved, leading to high costs of energy in comparison with other renewable energy sources. It becomes apparent that incremental innovation alone cannot fill the gap between the current techno-economic estimates and the medium-term policy targets established for wave energy.
 A systematic problem-solving approach must be embedded from the outset of technology development to meet the high sector expectations. This approach should support the engineering design processes, facilitate traceability of engineering analysis, and provide practical tools for understanding the wave energy context, formalising wave energy system requirements, guiding techno-economic design decisions, and overcoming technical challenges.
 Systems Engineering methods have been successfully applied to developing complex commercial products in many sectors. Among the many tools developed in Systems Engineering, it is worthwhile mentioning two structured innovation techniques: Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for problem formulation and selection [1]; and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) for concept generation [2]. Unfortunately, their use in wave energy is still limited and fragmented.
 Taking as a starting point the technology-agnostic assessment of wave energy capabilities performed in previous research work [3] for the problem formulation and concept selection, the authors have applied QFD to obtain the prioritisation of the technical characteristics that may offer the greatest impact to the overall design for a wave energy system. The main Functional Requirements are mapped to an equal number of Design Parameters extracted from the 39 technical parameters provided by TRIZ. The TRIZ toolkit is then employed to suggest three alternative innovation strategies to overcome wave energy cost and performance limitations.
 Firstly, separation principles are used to deal with physical contradictions. Examples of potentially effective strategies involving separation in time, space, scale or condition are proposed.
 Subsequently, inventive principles are employed to solve technical contradictions and trade-offs. The four most promising inventive principles that have been found in this implementation are "Local quality", "Dynamism", "Pneumatics or hydraulics", and "Physical or chemical properties". These principles prompt the user to consider a broader range of alternatives and improve creative thinking. Additional examples are given on how these inventive principles could be applied in wave energy.
 Finally, a system transition strategy is needed for the most complex challenges. Bypassing contradictory demands involves more radical changes in the functional allocation of requirements to the physical embodiment. Therefore, such a significant pivot in wave energy design can only be made in the initial phases of technology development.
 [1] S. Mizuno, Y. Akao, and K. Ishihara, Eds., QFD, the customer-driven approach to quality planning and deployment. Tokyo, Japan: Asian Productivity Organization, 1994.
 [2] K. Gadd, TRIZ for Engineers: Enabling Inventive Problem Solving, 1st ed. Wiley, 2011. doi: 10.1002/9780470684320.
 [3] P. Ruiz-Minguela, J. M. Blanco, V. Nava, and H. Jeffrey, ‘Technology-Agnostic Assessment of Wave Energy System Capabilities’, Energies, vol. 15, no. 7, p. 2624, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15072624.

Of post-animal meat and other forms of food innovation: a critical and intersectional reading from the perspective of political ecology

This commentary is a reflection on cultured meat and, more generally, food innovation, articulated from the perspective of political ecology (for a proposal around the ‘political ecology of food’ see Moragues-Faus and Marsden, 2017). This approach allows to critically investigate the status and role of novel foods in the context of the ecologic crisis, highlighting the complex entanglements of power, labour and value that subtend processes of food innovation and shape imaginaries of future food systems, as well as pathways of sustainability. As such, political ecology also calls for a reflection on food politics at large, envisioning transformative practices that question current arrangements of gender, class, race, species. In its unwillingness to ‘solve’ or close down the vast problem of food innovation, political ecology highlights ambiguities, risks, but also opportunities, as tools to guide a radical political imagination around food in the context of the contemporary ecological crisis. This stands in contrast with the polarising and partial way in which cultured meat tends to be represented in present public debates. The Italian ‘ban’ on cultured meat that is likely to be introduced is particularly interesting and it will serve as a starting point for this commentary.

Multi-Material 3D-Printing Nozzle Design Based on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and Knowledge Graph

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology is an emerging technology with promising applications, with the nozzle playing a crucial role in extrusion, heating, and material ejection. However, most current extrusion-based 3D printers handle only single-material printing, making the integration of multiple materials through a single nozzle challenging due to compromised quality and clogging risks. This paper introduces a method to design multi-material 3D printing nozzles using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and knowledge graph (KG). By optimizing design and leveraging TRIZ’s contradiction resolution principle, this study addressed bottlenecks and complexities in multi-material nozzle design, providing insightful recommendations. A patent knowledge graph focused on spray nozzles was created, storing material properties, design elements, and constraints for enhanced knowledge sharing. Building on identified challenges and recommendations, the study utilized keyword searches and associative paths in the knowledge graph to guide designers in generating innovative solutions. Validation was achieved through two distinct nozzle design models resulting from guided innovations. The TRIZ-KG methodology presented in this paper provides designers with a systematic cognitive framework to empower designers in overcoming technical obstacles and proposing precise solutions.

Using Quality Function Deployment for the Rubber Sheet Machine Design

The purpose of this research was to improve the process and production process of flat rubber sheets by using the Quality Function Deployment technique (QFD) since the traditional rubber sheet production process is human-intensive causing fatigue and delays. The customer needs were identified by groups of rubber farmers in Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan, and Bueng Kan Provinces in Thailand. The house of quality (HoQ) of QFD was then applied to translate the customer needs into design targets. The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) was applied to minimize conflicts between technical requirements. An experiment was designed to determine the optimum speed and distance between the rolls. The results showed that the optimal motor speed was 400 rpm and the optimal distance between the rollers in rubber sheet extrusion was 3.0 millimeters. The average measurements in terms of width, length, and thickness were 448, 849, and 3.82 millimeters, respectively, which conformed to raw rubber sheets standard 2 with the thickness of the rubber sheet not exceeding 4 millimeters and the weight not exceeding 1,200 grams. The production process was reduced from 19 to 14 steps. The product movement distance was reduced from 16.90 meters to 10.25 meters. The production process was reduced from 263 minutes to 187 minutes for 60 sheets. The developed rubber sheet machine has reduced the production time by 76 minutes for 60 sheets, with a high customer satisfaction level (Mean 4.63, S.D. = 0.49).

Analysis on the Problems of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities

With the acceleration of economic globalization and the deepening of China’s reform and opening-up, the demand for various talents is showing a trend of diversification. In this context, colleges and universities should make full use of their own advantages and characteristics, actively carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education, and cultivate more high-quality compound talents for the society. However, judging from the current situation, there are still some colleges and universities that lack the attention to and understanding of the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

ТРИЗ-технология как инструмент развития творческого мышления в системе иноязычной подготовки студентов-иностранцев неязыковых специальностей

The paper aims to substantiate that the use of TRIZ technology (the theory of inventive problem solving) has a high methodological potential, since it contributes to a deeper analysis of the situation under study, activates critical, logical and creative thinking and also promotes the formation of students’ communicative skills through teamwork. The paper describes the prerequisites for the development of TRIZ pedagogy, within the framework of which the authors elaborated an algorithm for stimulating foreign students’ creative thinking in foreign language classes. The algorithm was tested in the 2021/2022 academic year at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University and proved its effectiveness by demonstrating an increase in the indicators of creativity criteria (productivity, originality, curiosity, accuracy) and positive dynamics of interaction in the study group. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the elaboration of the algorithm for teaching foreign students English based on TRIZ technology. As a result, it was proved that the described and tested algorithm, consisting of the following steps: (1) warming up, (2) analysis, (3) reflection, (4) generation, (5) selection, (6) summary, can be used for teaching English in order to develop creative thinking.

Efficient Railway Turnout Design: Leveraging TRIZ-Based Approaches

This study focuses on the design and improvement of railway turnouts, which are critical yet complex parts of the railway infrastructure. As they are responsible for track discontinuity and potential derailments, turnouts pose significant challenges in terms of slack, misalignment and rail breakage. A new concept related to the design of turnouts, including switches and crossings, is presented in this paper. The application of TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) principles, specifically the use of the contradiction matrix, was instrumental to achieving these innovative designs for railway systems and represents the main contribution of the paper. Based on the systematic use of the TRIZ principles, the proposed design addresses the problems associated with switches and crossings by replacing the classic frog with a movable element that sits in the crossing gap and reduces the existing gap, thus minimising the length of the rail gap and, consequently, providing greater contact with the rail, minimising wheel impacts on the rail gap and, consequently, decreasing the risk of derailment. By reducing rail contact forces, which are a major contributor to derailments, the risk of derailment is reduced. This study also introduces a new design for the switch rail system using a piston mechanism with an up and down stroke, which is accompanied by a rotating motor at the top for controlled movement. Finally, numerical simulations were performed to validate the proposed designs.

The Influence of Sino-american Cultural Differences on Economic Development based on Game Theory and Solow Growth Model

From 1960 to 2000, East Asian countries' gdp grew at an average annual rate of 6 percent, much higher than the OECD average annual growth rate of 2 percent. As analyzed by the Solow growth Model, when relatively poor countries share some of the same factors as developed countries, the average annual growth rate of East Asian countries is much higher. The economies of poor countries tend to converge with those of rich ones, including better legal systems, competitive markets, and better health programmes. But the real process and the model's conclusions do not match perfectly. Despite the continuous optimization of various systems in East Asia, it is still far away for East Asia to converge with the economic level of developed countries. One of the reasons is that developed countries led by the United States take advantage of their economic advantages and international status under the guidance of capitalist human rights values. The intention is to hinder the development of developing countries, including China, in order to maintain their international status advantages and seek benefits. As the largest developing country, China's development speed in recent years is beyond doubt. With the improvement of economy, the improvement of system and the continuous improvement of international status, different from the exploitation of other countries by the so-called human rights doctrine by the United States, under the principle of socialist core values derived from Chinese culture, China carries out the Belt and Road Initiative, deepens practical cooperation among countries, and holds the World Expo. To issue a green call to the world, jointly build a green earth, jointly cast a community of shared future for mankind, and use comparative advantages to benefit the world. With the improvement of the strength of most developing countries such as China, the contradiction between the behavior patterns determined by the different consciousness of developing countries and developed countries in the international world is deepening day by day. From the perspective of Marxist contradiction analysis, the contradiction is bound to be solved in a way that conforms to the fundamental interests of most people. Let's combine this argument with different arguments in economics to think about what cultural ideas end up dominating world culture when two cultures collide. This paper first uses Marxist materialist dialectics to introduce the reasons for the formation of social forms in developed capitalist countries and the dominant cultural thoughts in the formation process, and then introduces the dominant culture in China's 5,000 years of history. Compare different domestic and international economic behaviors determined by different consciences influenced by different cultures, and compare and analyze the process and results of economic interaction between the two cultural conflicts on the basis of the game model and Solow's growth model. The analysis results show that the expanded Soro growth model of domestic economy on the basis of adhering to the moral primacy culture overcomes the free-rider problem of scientific and technological innovation under the principle of human rights primacy. Therefore, in the end, under steady state, China's domestic economic growth will still be higher than that of the United States, while the international status of the United States will decline due to the rise of a large number of developing countries. Finally, the United States will be forced to give up the current exploitation of developing countries, and the idea of win-win cooperation will become the mainstream idea of international trade.

Supersystem digital twin-driven framework for new product conceptual design

Digital twin (DT) is a technology that creates a digital replica of its physical entity with full information including historical and real-time data. They are expected to become an essential tool in industry 4.0 due to their ability to collect massive amounts of real-world data which can be utilized by artificial inelegance technologies for various purposes. The application of DT concepts in product design field has drawn wide interest, and DT has recently been proposed as a tool for supporting early-stage product design. Based on the difference in physical entities, DTs are classified as similar-product DT and mock-up prototype DT in this paper. Since there is often no product or physical prototype in early design stages, these two types of DTs for product design are primarily for re-design cases where data is collected from the DT of the similar products or prototypes. Introducing DTs to a new product design scenario is rarely explored. To fill the gap, this paper proposes the third type of DT, Supersystem DT that collects data from a product’s supersystem (i.e., the working/operation environment). A systematic framework that integrates the Supersystem DT and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (i.e., TRIZ) tools are presented for early design activities including task clarification and conceptual design. A case study of designing a new camper box of an expedition vehicle is presented to show the process and effectiveness of the proposed framework. Finally, guidelines for selecting the three types of DTs in different design scenarios are discussed.

玉米免耕机播种单体防黏土改进设计与试验

When the seeding monomer of no-tillage maize planter operates in sticky and wet soil, soil bonding and blocking of soil-touching parts will occur to different degrees, leading to functional failure and affecting the quality of seeding operation. Aiming to improve the anti-adhesion property with minimum cost, a seeding monomer is modified to operate in sticky and wet soil with the support of TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving). There are two major scheme adjustments, including self-cleaning seedbed collating device and split gauge wheel. The Su-field model of seedbed collating device is constructed, and the design scheme of smaller wavy coulter and dirt scraper is proposed on the basis of the standard-solution tool and water-film theory. And the parameters of the wave are determined on account of force analysis of soil particles and bionic earthworm. Based on the systemic-functional analysis of the seeding depth-limiting device and the force analysis of gauge wheel during operation, a split type of depth-gauge wheel with large lug hole is designed. As a result, the field trial demonstrates that the improved monomer could meet the operation requirements of clay soil with the water content of 15%-25%. Compared with the original model, the residual clay content is decreased (seedbed collating device 57.5%, gauge wheel seeding depth-limiting device 10%). This study can provide reference for the anti-adhesion design of soil-contacting parts of agricultural machinery.