Innovation Index Research Articles

Two chromatographic methods for analyzing paracetamol in spiked human plasma with its toxic metabolite, N-acetyl parabenzoquinone imine and its antidote, N-acetyl-l-cysteine

Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol (APAP), is a highly utilized pharmaceutical agent on a global scale, particularly in the field of pediatrics. Regrettably, an overdose of APAP, resulting from the predominant oxidation, has the potential to trigger acute liver injury. The study’s goal was to find an easy, accurate, and selective way to measure APAP, N-acetyl para benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) (an APAP metabolite that is harmful), and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) (an antidote). Two different chromatographic methods were used. The HPTLC method, which used silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase and a developing liquid made up of methanol, ethyl acetate, and glacial acetic acid (8:2:0.2, v/v/v) and a UV detection at 254 nm. The HPLC method was developed using a mobile phase consisting of water, methanol, and formic acid in a proportion of (70:30:0.15, v/v/v). The stationary phase used in the approach was a C18 column. Analytes quantification was established utilizing a UV detector operating at a wavelength of 254 nm. The present methods make it possible to measure the amount of APAP in plasma samples. When it comes to pharmacokinetics or medication levels in children’s plasma, for example, this may be also very helpful. The current methods can quantify NAPQI, which is helpful in figuring out drug concentrations in individuals with APAP intoxication diagnoses. Additionally, the current approaches can estimate NAC as an antidote; as a result, this study is a complete study because it can analyse drug, toxic metabolite, and antidote in one analytical run. Using the innovative blue applicability grade index software, which measures the practicality of procedures, both methodologies were compared with a reported methods. Additionally, the achievement of the eco-friendliness profile of the designed procedures was assessed. Both techniques passed the ICH validation tests.

Building resilient urban drainage systems by integrated flood risk index for evidence-based planning.

Urban flooding poses a significant risk to cities worldwide, exacerbated by increasing urbanization and climate change. Effective flood risk management requires comprehensive assessments considering the complex interaction of social, economic, and environmental factors. This study developed an innovative Urban Flood Risk Index (FRI) to quantify and assess flood risk at the sub-catchment level, providing a tool for evidence-based planning and resilient infrastructure development. This study integrates Geographic Information System (GIS), Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework. The FRI incorporates seven pressure and state indicators and three response indicators weighted by expert judgment. The FRI was calculated by combining the weighted sub-indices, classifying flood risk into five levels. Results showed that 51% of the study area experienced high pressure, with 26% facing very-high pressure. The state index indicated that 55% of the area falls under a moderate state, while 21% exhibits a high state. Importantly, the response index highlighted the effectiveness of Low Impact Development (LID) practices, with 20% of the area showing high to very-high response levels. The integrated FRI demonstrated an overall moderate flood risk level for maximum sub-catchments, emphasizing the positive impact of LID practices in mitigating flood risk despite existing pressures and system limitations. This evidence-based assessment provides a valuable tool for sub-catchment level flood risk assessment. It empowers decision-makers to prioritize investments, target interventions, and develop adaptive strategies to enhance urban resilience in a changing climate.

Analysis of the results of the regional innovation policies of the structural funds on business innovation indicators: does size and role matter in Andalusian business performance indicators?

As a Convergence Objective Autonomous Community of the European Union, Andalusia was a beneficiary of the significant volume of European resources for regional innovation mobilised by the 2007–2013 Technology Fund and the 2014–2020 Smart Growth programme. For this reason, we evaluate the results of these technology policies in Andalusia through the main business innovation indicators, differentiating companies’ size and role in the projects financed by the ERDF-Innterconecta calls for proposals. The proposed analysis (through the study of projects, funds received, etc.) applies the Propensity Score Matching technique and seeks to identify the positive effect—or not—of participating into the policy analysed, which financed big R & D projects in Andalusia. The study is conducted differentiating the results considering the different groups of companies studied. The conclusion shows uneven results depending on the characteristics of the companies.

Environmental Regulation, Carbon Emission Efficiency, and Urban Innovation Index in 257 Prefecture-Level Cities in China

Environmental Regulation, Carbon Emission Efficiency, and Urban Innovation Index in 257 Prefecture-Level Cities in China

Unveiling the nexus between ESG performance, climate policy uncertainty and corporate innovation: evidence from textual analysis

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and text-based corporate innovation based on a sample of India’s ESG-disclosed companies from financial year 2011–2012 to 2021–2022. Further, it endeavors to investigate the moderating role of heightened climate policy uncertainty (CPU) in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachTo verify these hypotheses, the authors first construct a corporate innovation index for India using a sophisticated natural language processing model on each firm-year’s management discussion and analysis reports. Next, the authors use a panel fixed effects model to examine how ESG performance impacts corporate innovation and its moderating and mediating components.FindingsEmpirical evidence suggests higher ESG performance bolsters text-based corporate innovation. After addressing endogeneity issues with the system GMM estimator and two-stage least square IV, incorporating additional control variables and using alternative innovation measurement, the baseline results remain unchanged. Next, the authors find this link is mediated by reducing information asymmetry, financial constraints and managerial myopia. The authors also observe that increased CPU favorably moderates the ESG-innovation nexus. Additionally, the heterogeneity research shows that ESG only positively impacts innovation in specific industries and firms in their growth and mature life cycle phases.Practical implicationsThe results demonstrate that sustainable and ethical business practices can foster corporate innovation. Thus, this study may provide valuable insight for investors, managers and policymakers.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between ESG performance and text-based corporate innovation using a machine learning model.

Understanding Imbalanced Transmission from R&D Inputs into Innovation Outputs and Impacts: Evidence from Kazakhstan

Innovation ecosystems use R&D inputs to generate innovation outputs first and innovation impacts later. But some countries show a relatively low transmission, such as in the case of Kazakhstan, the largest economy in Central Asia. This article analyzes the transmission from R&D into innovation outputs and impacts through a framework for which different factors matter, such as the company size, education and skills, competition, exports, and foreign ownership. Transmission is conceptually understood in two steps: from R&D into innovation outputs, and from innovation output into innovation impacts. The main hypothesis is that the high endowments of these company factors should lead to the better transmission of results and improved performance in terms of outputs and impacts. We test this using new evidence from Kazakhstan and the ECA region (Europe and Central as defined by the World Bank) as benchmarking, and data are from the Global Innovation Index (descriptive section) and the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (analytical section). The econometrics are a Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse (CDM) model in three steps: factors for propensity to invest in R&D, then to innovate, and, finally, innovation impacts on productivity. Results confirm the positive roles of factors, such as exports and education, in positive transmissions and uneven or insignificant results on productivity impacts from characteristics, such as age, size, and foreign ownership. The specifics for Kazakhstan suggest a potential for business innovation growth in the country. The paper concludes by suggesting key policy measures to unlock the potential for business innovation at a country level.

FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN SAHARAN AFRICAN ECONOMIES

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between financial development and sustainable development, emphasizing the moderating role of technological innovation in sub-Saharan region. Design/Methodology: The analysis is based on a sample of 33 sub-Saharan countries over the period 2003–2022, utilizing composite indicators for financial development and technological innovation constructed through a novel approach. Principal component analysis was employed to extract information from these indicators. To ensure robust and consistent regression coefficients, the study applied Driscoll–Kraay standard errors (D-K) and generalized least squares (GLS), addressing issues of temporal dependency and heteroscedasticity. Findings: The results revealed that financial development and technological innovation individually have positive impact on sustainable development. But combined have negative impact on sustainable development in sub-Saharan region. Originality: This research provides new insights into the dynamic relationship between financial development, technological innovation, and sustainable development in sub-Saharan countries. By proposing strategies to strengthen these linkages, it offers valuable guidance for stakeholders and policymakers working toward sustainability goals

Associations between the Global Diet Quality Score and risk of type 2 diabetes: Tehran lipid and glucose study.

Previous studies reported that focusing on healthy lifestyle, especially high diet quality is necessary for preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the association between the innovative index, the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), and the risk of Type 2 Diabetes incidence. In this secondary analysis, we included elective adult participants (n = 5948) from the third and fourth survey of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Participants checked out until the sixth phase with an average follow-up of 6.65 years. Expert nutritionists collected dietary data using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The GDQS were calculated, including healthy and unhealthy food group scores. Biochemical and anthropometric characteristics were assessed during the first and follow-up surveys. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the progression of T2D in association with the GDQS. This study was implemented on 2,688 men and 3,260 women, respectively with the mean (SD) age of 41.5(14.1) and 39.3(13.02) years. A total of 524 subjects were found to have had T2D incidence. The healthy component of GDQS was conversely associated with T2D incidence [HR: 1, 0.91 (0.84-0.98), 0.91 (0.84-0.98), 0.84 (0.77-0.92) P trend = <0.001] in an adjusted model. The unhealthy component of GDQS was conversely associated with T2D incidence in an adjusted model [HR: 1, 0.86 (0.80-0.92), 0.93 (0.86-1.01), 0.89 (0.81-0.98) P trend = 0.009]. The results of this study suggested that higher adherence to the healthy component of GDQS and lower intake of the unhealthy component decreased the risk of T2D incidence.

Evaluation of an organization's capacity for innovation using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) in AI environment

This paper explores the evaluation of an organization's innovative capacity using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) as a framework. TRIZ, a systematic approach to problem-solving, provides a structured methodology for identifying innovative solutions. By applying TRIZ principles to assess an organization's innovative potential, we can gain valuable insights into its ability to generate creative ideas and implement them effectively. The paper outlines a methodology for evaluating an organization's innovative capacity, including four issues. Identifying key innovation indicators. These indicators may include factors such as the organization's culture, structure, processes, and resources. Conducting a TRIZ assessment. Applying TRIZ tools and techniques to evaluate the organization's problem-solving skills, creativity, and ability to generate innovative ideas. Analyzing the organization's innovation ecosystem. Examining the factors that support or hinder innovation, such as leadership, teamwork, and knowledge sharing. Developing recommendations for improving innovation capacity. Based on the evaluation findings, proposing strategies to enhance the organization's ability to innovate. By utilizing TRIZ as a framework, organizations can gain a deeper understanding of their innovative potential and take steps to foster a culture of innovation.

Peran Inovasi (PETIK DUREN) Pelayanan Tilik Kampung Penduduk Rentan dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kabupaten Lamongan

PETIK DUREN Program (Pelayanan Tilik Kampung Penduduk Rentan) is a public service innovation in Lamongan Regency aimed at improving access to civil administration for vulnerable groups, such as individuals with mental health disorders (ODGJ) and persons with disabilities. This study analyzes the program's success using Everett M. Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, which includes indicators of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and official government reports.The analysis results show that the program successfully registered 161 individuals in 2023 and an additional 16 individuals by May 2024. Success is evident in the trialability and observability aspects, demonstrated through improved access to healthcare, education, and social assistance services. Simplified procedures and a proactive approach facilitate vulnerable groups in accessing civil documents. The program meets innovation indicators, especially relative advantage and compatibility, by creating efficient services tailored to local needs.However, challenges such as low community participation in certain areas and logistical constraints remain. Recommendations include strengthening data verification technology, training officers, and implementing a zoning approach to expand coverage. With these improvements, PETIK DUREN has the potential to become a national model for public service innovation in improving the welfare of vulnerable communities.

Innovameter: Agent-based modeling of innovation determinants in American and European countries.

This article discusses the dynamics of innovation in America and Europe, focusing on variables such as access to technology, education, and life expectancy. To do this, the article proposes an agent-based model called the Innovameter. The dependent variable is the Global Innovation Index. The paper focuses on data analysis through correlation analysis and multiple hierarchical regressions to determine the contribution of specific variables related to the pillars of the Global Innovation Index and indicators of the Human Development Index. After analyzing the data, an agent-based model was built to parameterize these main variables by defining two levels of abstraction: at the global level, there is the country, where birth rates, life expectancy, ICT use, and research and development are defined. At the local level, we define the individuals who have an age, years of schooling, and income. A series of experiments were conducted by selecting data from 30 countries. From the results of the experiments, a nonparametric correlation analysis was performed, and correlation indices were obtained indicating a relationship between the predicted outcomes and the outcomes in the global index. The proposed model aims to provide suggestions on how the different variables can become the norm in most of the countries studied.

Exploring metal nanostructures magneto-optical properties as innovative local refractive index transducers

Exploring metal nanostructures magneto-optical properties as innovative local refractive index transducers

Digital Industry Agglomeration and Export Product Diversification: Evidence from Chinese Firms

AbstractThe rapid development of digital industries such as artificial intelligence and big data has fundamentally transformed production, providing new opportunities for the diversification of firms. Drawing on data from the China Customs Database and the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms for 2003–2013, we employed a panel fixed effects model to examine the impact of digital industry agglomeration on firms' export product diversification. The findings revealed that, holding other conditions constant, a one‐unit increase in digital industry agglomeration resulted in a significant 2.34 percent rise in export scope and a significant decrease by 0.58 percent in export concentration. Firms in digitally advanced cities and capital‐intensive industries were more influenced by digital industry agglomeration in export diversification. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital industry agglomeration fostered export product diversification through innovation stimulation, information dissemination, and efficiency enhancement. Innovation was evidenced by increases in urban innovation indices and the emergence of new export products. Information dissemination boosted wholesale and retail sales, helping firms to expand export destinations. Efficiency enhancement was reflected in narrowing management efficiency gaps among firms.

The Impact of World Innovation Index on Firms’ Financial Performance in Egypt

The Impact of World Innovation Index on Firms’ Financial Performance in Egypt

Global Firepower Index: the fallacy and inappropriateness of using a global military power rating

The article presents the author’s point of view on the issue of the reliability of measurement and the correctness of interpretation of the international Global FirePower (GFP) index. The expediency of using the GFP index as a tool for assessing the military power of states is questioned, and arguments are given regarding the inappropriateness of preparing any recommendations based on the analysis of this rating. As part of this task, an assessment was made of the methodology for ranking countries according to the two most cited international indices used to calculate the rating of states in the world by their level of military potential, namely: the global index of military power and the global index of militarization. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted of the ranking of countries in the top 10, as well as Ukraine and some post-Soviet countries using such international ratings as the Human Development Index and the Global Innovation Index. When choosing the last two indices for comparison, the author was guided by the postulate that increasing the defense capability of a state in the modern world is impossible without scientific and technological progress, which in turn directly depends on many scientific, technical and socio-economic factors.

Digital technology innovation, supply chain resilience and enterprise performance-The case of listed automotive parts manufacturing companies.

Digital technology innovation (DTI) is the core driving force for the development of the digital economy. This paper brings digital technology innovation and the supply chain of auto parts manufacturing under the same framework. This paper uses Stata 18 to empirically analyze the panel data of 130 A-share auto parts listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2022. The digital technology innovation indicator is divided into three levels: substantial digital technology innovation (SDTI), non-substantial digital technology innovation (NDTI), overall digital technology innovation (ODTI). To explore its impact mechanism on enterprise performance. The empirical results show that: (1) Digital technological innovation (DTI) has a positive and significant impact on enterprise performance, and supply chain resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between digital technology innovation and enterprise performance, and R&D investment (RDI) positively moderates the role of supply chain resilience in promoting enterprise performance. (2) Heterogeneity analysis showed that the impact of supply chain resilience on enterprise performance was more significant in small and medium-sized enterprises. There are significant differences between different groups of business ownership. In economically underdeveloped regions, the effect of digital technology innovation on enterprise performance is more significant. This paper complements the perspective of supply chain to study the relationship between digital technology innovation and enterprise performance, expands the existing research, and its heterogeneity analysis provides new insights for understanding China's auto parts manufacturing industry. This provides a basis for strengthening digital technology innovation and promoting the sustainable development of the auto parts industry.

Analysis of successful practices and determination of promising directions for implementing innovations in the sphere of housing and communal services in Russia

Since the key direction of modern development is the introduction of digital technologies in order to optimise all the aspects of economic activity, the main focus of the work is aimed at analysing the current state and prospects for the introduction of innovations in the housing and utilities sector (here-inafter referred to as HUS) from the point of view of digitalisation of the industry. To achieve this goal, we have used the analysis of statistical data in the context of the economic activities to determine the current level of innovative development of the HUS of Russia as well as individual indicators of the distribution and effectiveness of applying digital solutions in the industry. In the course of the work, it has been found that it significantly lags behind the average Russian indicators of innovation of innovative activity of companies, expenses on innovations as well as of modern products, works, and services. In the formation of the Russian “industry 4.0”, the HUS also demonstrates a significant lag in the development. The use of the most advanced and promising digital technologies is at an extremely low level, and the digital solutions applied in the activities of companies in the industry demonstrate extremely low efficiency rates, and most of them have virtually no significant impact on the work of the organisations. We believe that the negative experience of investing in the digital infrastructure is the reason for low involvement of the HUS companies in the fourth industrial revolution and low indicators of the innovative development on a national scale.

University Technology Transfer in the USA: Organisational Strategies and Functional Practices

Based on the identification of the importance of the influence of infrastructure on the success of activities and the processes it provides, the article substantiates the feasibility of using it as an indicator for determining innovation potential, as well as a subject of assessment in infrastructure ratings. It is emphasized the need to study these ratings as bases of empirical data representing the importance and role of infrastructure in the innovative development of universities as centers around which innovative ecosystems should be built, which will act as drivers of the development of higher education, modernization of economic sectors, recovery and innovative progress of Ukraine after the end of the war. Global and industry ratings were analyzed, the indicators of which define infrastructure or activities related to its formation and development. The leading infrastructure rankings are characterized, in particular: THE Impact Rankings: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; Information and communication technologies and University–industry Research&amp;Development collaboration as sub-ratings of WIPO The Global Innovation Index. The indicators used in these ratings as a basis for assessing the level of infrastructure development and its impact on the innovation potential of institutions, cities/regions and countries have been identified. A comparative analysis of the composition of top universities, which became the leaders of global and industry ratings, was carried out, the indicators of which are infrastructure. The place of the Ukrainian universities in these ratings in 2023 and 2024 by group was identified, the positive quantitative and qualitative dynamics of the representation of national higher education institutions and its dependence on the level of development of their innovative infrastructure were proven. Recommendations on the adaptation of the leading foreign experience in the development of the innovative infrastructure of universities in Ukraine in the conditions of post-war recovery have been formulated.

USA – Innovation Index: A State - Level Proposal

We propose an open-access innovation index for the U.S. states. This index was built by classifying into four core areas the twelve more important indicators, inputs, and outputs, that are widely accepted in the literature as the most relevant for measuring innovation. We consider the indicators aggregated in the areas of human capital and business environment as the inputs that create knowledge and influence the promotion of innovation, while those in areas of engagement and efficiency as the outputs that are all those outcomes and improvements related to the innovation process. As an example of potential uses of our index, we ran a basic econometric experiment using the economic growth rate as the dependent variable. Despite the results being qualitatively consistent with the literature, we suggest further research using our index and other methodologies. We included in the appendix the overall index score and ranking from 2000 to 2015.

Impact of global innovation indicator on China’s exports development

This research is intended to study the impact of global innovation indicators on Chinese exports development, through describing and analyzing impact the seven innovation indicators on the Chinese exports as well as impact of the key innovation indicator on the Chinese exports, and getting to know the concept of innovation, types of innovation , as well as importance of innovation in achieving economic development, offering job opportunities, contributing to finding innovative solutions for problems, in addition to referring to the seven innovation indicators, which are institutions, human capital, research, infrastructure, market development, business development, knowledge outputs and creative outputs. The research is also intended to study innovation development in China, as China adopted implementation of an innovation-based economic development strategy in 2006, so it took the initiative to set up high- tech zones, technology parks, innovation clusters and funds to support creative projects. China now ranks first worldwide in terms of number of patent applications submitted to the national patent agencies. The Chines government has been keen to increase spending on research, development and innovation to boost exports and thus drive the economic development process. Statistical analysis tools such as simple linear regression, correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination will be used to measure impact of the seven global innovation indicators as independent variables and gross exports as a dependent variable. Outcomes of statistical analysis showed that there is a direct correlation between human capital index and the Chinese researches and exports, while there is no direct correlation between business environment development index and the Chines exports, indicating that business environment in China needs more government efforts to be exerted to improve and develop business environment which includes knowledge businesses, innovation links and knowledge absorption.