Innovation Activity In Russia Research Articles

Analysis of innovation activity in Russia

Analysis of innovation activity in Russia

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ КАК ОСНОВА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ РЕГИОНА: СИСТЕМНО-КРИТЕРИAЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД

Focusing on current dynamics, the article examines trends in regional development and innovation activity in Russia. In the context of the growing role of local communities in innovation processes, their influence on the overall economic situation in the country is emphasized. The variety of unique features of each region, which can become the basis for innovative development, is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the negative impact of economic inequality between regions on the effective use of human capital and the formation of a national innovation system. It is noted that economic inequality can be a significant obstacle to economic growth, both at the regional and federal levels. In the context of global practice and historical precedents, the article discusses the impact of economic isolation on accelerating the development of innovative technologies. Data from a Bloomberg study on world leaders in innovation are presented, while Russia occupies a relatively modest place. The need for a systematic approach to regional development and innovation policy to effectively manage economic challenges and incentives is emphasized. The article emphasizes the importance of developing innovation systems, including supporting innovation infrastructure and stimulating innovation activities. Strategic issues such as international competition, the role of human capital in economic development, and resource management with a long-term perspective are also discussed. The complex nature of human capital and its impact on the economic and social dynamics of society are highlighted. The importance of investments in education, healthcare and innovation to stimulate economic growth is noted. The article also discusses the challenges and difficulties in managing human capital in a rapidly changing economic and technological environment. To develop models of human capital development, the authors recommend taking into account its unique characteristics, as well as the principles that ensure the effective functioning of human capital development models and allow the transformation of theoretical concepts into specific practical recommendations and actions based on available data.

How to Ensure the Comprehensive Development of the Russian Innovation System

Effective functioning of The Russian innovation system (RIS) is impossible without forming an independent and systemic innovation policy. It should unite the interests of all participants in innovation activities and create effective incentives and institutions for developing the scientific, educational and business environment. The study aims to identify the primary recommendations for reforming and implementing economic policy in the field of innovation formulated by the actors of the Russian innovation system (representatives of business and academia). The authors applied an economic narrative analysis approach, which studies the semantic characteristics of the narratives told by actors in the innovation system. The empirical basis of the study consists of scientific works on national innovation systems, as well as 27 interviews with representatives of the academic sphere and 26 interviews with business representatives. Based on the narrative analysis of innovation systems, the authors formulated proposals and strategic recommendations for the implementation of innovation policy aimed at enforcing effective measures for the integrated and progressive development of the RIS: adoption of a unified federal law on innovation to determine the direction of development of the RIS; creation of a unified federal information platform to ensure effective and accessible communication between entrepreneurs and representatives of the academic sphere; reducing institutional barriers to the implementation of innovative activities in Russia; stimulation of demand for innovation and innovative activity; application experience of other countries to adapt to new challenges in priority areas of development.

Improving the institutional environment for pilot testing of innovative technologies in Russia and abroad

Aim. To propose scientifically substantiated approaches to improving and accelerating the development of the institutional environment of pilot testing of new technologies in Russia.Objectives. To analyze the current state and highlight the main problems of the experimental-industrial infrastructure of innovation activity in Russia and abroad; to present tools for improvement taking into account international experience and geopolitical challenges.Methods. The study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis of state programs to support the development of experimental-industrial infrastructure, the method of causal analysis of barriers to the formation of experimental-industrial infrastructure, as well as methods of tabular and graphical structuring and interpretation of data.Results. By analyzing the limiting factors of the development of pilot industrial infrastructure on the example of China, India and Western countries the general barriers inherent in these territories and specific barriers formed by geographical, political or cultural peculiarities are revealed. The analysis of tools for the development of pilot industrial infrastructure in Russia is presented, taking into account which the necessary measures of state support and its main beneficiaries are proposed and justified.Conclusions. In Russia in the last few years there has been a decrease in the number of research, design, engineering, design and survey organizations, pilot plants. The existing practice of functioning and development of experimental activities, weak dynamics of its development in the conditions of realization of the course on technological sovereignty in the country speak about the insufficient volume of state instruments of stimulation of experimental-industrial tests and development of experimental-industrial infrastructure. There is a need for a transition from the implementation of private initiatives to a systematic approach to the development of this activity with the involvement of the state, science, small and medium-sized businesses. In order to scale up the developed domestic practices and obtain tangible results for the economy, it is advisable to increase the financing of pilot industrial activities in comparable amounts with international practices.

State Financial Regulation of Innovations in Russia under International Sanctions

Relevance. One of the most vulnerable aspects of the development of the Russian economy is its technological and innovative component. This aspect of the Russian economy was tried to reanimate and increase its effectiveness after the 2008 crisis, in order to move from a raw material model of economic growth to a model of advanced technological development. In 2022, Russia has no choice but to carry out a structural transformation of the economy, for the success of which it is vital to intensify and increase the efficiency of innovation. In this regard, the role of state financial regulation of innovation activities for the transition period is increasing.The purpose of this study is to substantiate approaches to state financial regulation of innovative development of the economy in the context of international sanctions and to clarify specific conditions for intensifying innovations in the non-state sector of the economy.Objectives: review of the scientific literature on the impact of sanctions on the dynamics of innovative activity; analysis of innovative activity in Russia over the past 10 years; justification of the methods and instruments of state financial regulation of innovations in the current conditions for Russia.Methodology. The article uses methods of analysis and synthesis of information, an overview analysis of scientific literature, horizontal and graphic analysis of Rosstat data on the innovative development of Russia.Results. The results of the work was the systematization of methods and instruments of state financial regulation in the context of international sanctions, as well as the justification of specific conditions for the successful innovative development of Russia in the current geopolitical situation.Conclusion. The Government should use a standard set of financial incentives for innovation activity, but to develop the non-governmental sector and improve the effectiveness of innovation activities, it is also necessary to create additional conditions for creating a favorable institutional environment in which appropriate private initiatives will be possible.

The Institutions and Mechanisms of The Russian Innovation System's Regulation in The Mirror of Narratives

The innovation system is a set of institutions and regulatory mechanisms that create an environment for the interaction of organisations and actors in the academic sphere, business and the state. An analysis of the formal institutions of the Russian innovation system (RIS) showed that it has a complex structure consisting of numerous overlapping institutions and duplicating regulatory mechanisms. The state and the academic sphere are closely integrated into a single management hierarchy, and interaction with the business is carried out indirectly through development institutions and the mechanism of public procurement. In cooperation with the academy, large private and state-owned companies often solve the problem of training their own human resources rather than creating innovations. Comparison of the multi-level structure of the RIS and its reflection in the actors' narratives made it possible to show the complexity of the systemic perception of innovation activity in Russia and highlight the following dysfunctions of the RIS: The low quality of formal institutions and the lack of consistency in regulation; Selectivity and inconsistency of the ongoing state innovation policy; Underdevelopment of mechanisms for the formation of links between science and business; Lack of infrastructure, production and production capacities for scaling innovative products; Underfunding of education, science and innovative developments by the state and private business; Breach of the mechanisms for the reproduction of human resources for innovation.

Импортозамещение как фактор инновационного развития экономики России

Introduction. In the modern world, the introduction of innovations is becoming one of the main ways of economic development of both organizations and states. In this regard, the process of switching Russian economy to the innovative way of development acquires special importance. Still in 2011, the Government approved the Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia until 2020: it formulates the goals of the country’s long-term development and indicators that characterize their implementation. Import substitution was identified as one of the key factors contributing to the achievement of these goals. The aim of the work is to study the impact of import substitution on the effectiveness of the implementation of the Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia. Theoretical analysis. Import substitution processes in Russian economy began in the late 1990s. The main reason at that time was the ruble devaluation, due to which the volume of imports in 1998–1999 decreased by more than 30%. Imports replacement became possible by increasing the supply of domestic producers who resumed the use of previously mothballed facilities. According to a number of Russian economists, during this period import substitution was one of the key drivers of GDP and industrial production growth in the country. In the 2000s, import substitution processes began to take on a point-by-point rather than a mass factor: they took place in those industries where Russian enterprises had clear competitive advantages. In 2014, following the implementation of economic sanctions against Russia, the Government adopted a number of measures aimed at intensifying import substitution in the country. Empirical analysis. The text of the strategy identifies import substitution as one of the key factors in the innovative development of the domestic economy. The paper considers the impact of the ongoing policy of import substitution on the achievement of the strategic goals of Russia’s innovative development. A statistical analysis of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of ongoing measures in the field of import substitution and stimulation of innovative development was carried out. Results. According to the results of data statistical analysis, a conclusion is obtained that the target indicators in the field of import substitution have not been achieved: in key sectors of the economy there is still a high dependence on supplies of foreign products. Innovative technologies used by domestic organizations are still mainly of import origin. At the same time, indicators of innovation activity in Russia remain significantly lower than in foreign countries. This situation relates mainly to such factors as lack or shortage of organizations funds, long payback period of investments in innovation, lack of qualified personnel, as well as reduction of opportunities in cooperation with other enterprises and scientific organizations.

ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ В DIGITAL-СРЕДЕ

The article examines the foreign and domestic experience in assessing the innovative development of countries and regions. The problems of the development of innovative activity in Russia are analyzed. The dynamics of world indicators based on the data of the World Bank is considered. The analysis of the state of the innovation component in the Russian economy is made, the dependence of changes in the volume of high-tech products on the internal costs of its development and implementation in the Russian GDP is stated, and the resulting pair regression model is evaluated for significance. The calculation showed a close connection between the variables and the efficiency of investment in innovation. Checking the model according to Fisher's criterion and Student's criterion showed its high quality, which indicates the possibility of its further use to predict the volume of production of high-tech products in Russia.

Dynamics of Innovation Activity in the Context of the Narrative Economics Approach

The purpose of this paper is the explanation of the dynamics of innovation activity in Russia (on the example of the level of innovation activity of organizations) and identification of the problems for innovative development, based on the methodology of narrative institutional analysis. Research methods are narrative and content analysis, a graphical method for displaying statistical data. The study formulates the differences in the interpretation and methods of analysis of narratives between the narrative economy (in the tradition of R. Schiller) and the narrative analysis in other social sciences. The application of the approach of narrative economics to the study of the Russian innovation system provides a study of narratives that combines the qualitative and quantitative research methods. Narratives in R. Schiller’s approach are interpreted as stories or expressed explanations of events, discussed in conversations, news, and social media to stimulate interest or demonstrate emotions. The problem of interrelation between the narratives about the innovation activity and the indicators of the innovation activity is considered. The distinction between the direct and indirect influence of narratives on indicators of innovative activity is proposed. The direct influence of narratives on the indicators of innovation activity may include modifying the methods for calculating indicators. The indirect influence of narratives on the indicators of innovation activity may include modifying the motivation and level of activity of the actors of the national innovation system. The observed dynamics of indicators of innovative activity indicate its stagnation, at the same time, the volume of discussion in the media about innovations is increasing. The paper discusses possible reasons that impede the strengthening of innovative development. The main focus is on assessing the importance of the problem of business demand for innovations and commercialization of innovations. The paper formulates a theoretical framework that summarizes the types of problems that may arise during the implementation of innovative activities. There are five types of problems that may arise during the implementation of innovative activities. The first type of the problems is caused by government compulsion, institutional constraints and intervention in economic activity. The second type of problem is caused by the opportunism of individuals who are selfish at any cost and are capable for violating rules and agreements. The third type of problem is associated with the difficulty of coordination and adapting the plans of free individuals, each of whom has only a part of the common knowledge that should be used in economic activity. The fourth type of problems is the lack of resources and knowledge for innovation; it is well studied by economic science. The fifth type of problems is the inability of individuals to make the optimal choice; in relation to the Russian innovation system, this is only a hypothesis and has not yet been studied. The first three «ideal types» of problems are incorporated in the narrative of the low demand for innovation from the business side.

Effective Use of Human Capital in the Context of Sustainable Development of the Region

Introduction. Sustainable development is Russia's strategic goal at the national and regional levels. Currently, its key factor is innovation, which, in turn, is determined by the availability of sufficient amount of human capital, it being a set of knowledge, skills and abilities, including the ability of a person to generate ideas, create innovations, and bring them to production. Although Russia has a fairly large amount of human capital, its economy is experiencing difficulties in shifting to the innovation-driven model. Based on the conducted research, the article evaluates effectiveness of the use of human capital and analyzes the causes of the existing contradiction. Materials and Methods. The theoretical foundations of the study include the works of Russian and foreign academic economists, generalization and critical analysis of which made it possible to show the indirect impact of human capital on sustainable development. Based on data from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, its territorial offices and the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation, the efficiency of the use of human capital by Russian regions was calculated employing the index method and it was compared with the level of the socio-economic development. Results. The level of innovation activity in Russia’s regions remains low. Innovation has not become a driving force for sustainable development. One of the reasons for this is low effectiveness of the use of human capital. Calculations of this indicator, carried out according to the adopted methodology, make it possible to conclude that Russia’s regions use slightly more than half of the accumulated human capital. Consequently, there are reserves for boosting innovation activity. Indirectly, this is evidenced by the comparison of the level of socio-economic development of the region and the index of effectiveness of the use of human capital. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research makes it possible to conclude that increasing effectiveness of the use of human capital will contribute to the growth of innovation in the economy of the regions and thereby facilitate the transition to the model of sustainable development.

НА ПУТИ К ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ

Recognizing the special role of innovations in ensuring the economic development of Russia, the state authorities have been intensively looking for ways and means to strengthen innovation activity in Russia over the past decade. The main document proclaiming the goals and main directions of innovation policy is the Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020. Due to the fact that the implementation period has expired, the author analyzes the achievement of the goals and indicators defined in the strategy, and also draws some conclusions about the outcomes obtained by the analysis of the development of innovation activity in Russia.

Статистический анализ государственного воздействия на развитие инновационной деятельности

The article is devoted to the analysis of state instruments of influence on the internal innovation environment and the identification of statistical patterns in the development of innovative activity in Russia. To identify patterns, official statistical indicators, given on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as data from foreign research publications were used. The analysis of the four main functions of state influence on innovation activity is carried out and the main methods of state regulation in the area under consideration are identified. An analysis of the dynamic changes in the costs of innovation in Russia, both in current and basic prices, indicates a positive trend in the change in the amount of funds allocated to the country's innovation sector. The article also tests the hypothesis of the relationship between the volume of shipped innovative products in a particular entity and the volume of costs for innovative activities.

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РОССИИ

The article is devoted to the state of innovation activity in Russia. The literature on this issue is analyzed. The "Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020" is considered in detail, the authors ' opinions on this program are considered, the results are summed up, and conclusions are drawn.

Анализ отдельных показателей инновационной деятельности в России 2000-2019 гг.

Анализ отдельных показателей инновационной деятельности в России 2000-2019 гг.

The relationship between the market structure, the firms size and their innovative activity in the sectors of the Russian economy: Experience in industry-specific competitive analysis

A number of theoretical and applied studies have shown that there is no unambiguous relationship between the market structure, expressed in particular by the firms size, and firms innovation activity. Understanding the nature of the relationship between the market structure, the firms size and their behavior allows us to raise the level of justification for both business strategies and innovation policy, which is also relevant in the context of the digital transformation of the Russian economy. The paper is aimed at considering the problem of an influence of a market structure with due regard for the peculiarities of their industries on firms innovation activity in Russia for the period 2006–2016. This period was chosen due to the transition to a new Russian National Classifier of Economic Activities edition and the beginning of active Russian economy digitalization in 2017. The hypothesis of the study is that in Russia, under the impact of a number of events, the influence of the firms size on their innovative activity in various sectors of the economy is becoming more acute. By building pooled and panel data models it was shown, that at the studied stage of country development a positive relationship between the average firms size in the industry and their innovation activity can be observed. But some conditions for a stronger growth of innovation activity in industries with firms of smaller sizes are emerging and it indicates a change in the Russian economy structure. As a result of assessing the linkage of the innovation activity intensity and firm size, it can be concluded that there is no connection with belonging to the type of economic activity, i. e. the relationship between the share of costs for technological innovations and the size of firms in the Russian economy has no industry specifics. The further development of this study consist in a more study of the factors that determine the results obtained, the development of recommendations for the formation of a working innovation system in Russia, as well as in the field of antimonopoly regulation on the issue of entry barriers.

СНИЖЕНИЕ ОТРАСЛЕВОЙ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КАК ПРИОРИТЕТНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ АГРАРНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

In 2017, the aggregate level of innovation activity in Russia amounted to 8.5%, the introduction of technological innovations - 7.5%; new business methods were used by only 2.3% of the surveyed organizations. In agriculture, technological innovations were carried out by 3.1% of enterprises, organizational - 0.9%, marketing - 0.5%; innovations aimed at increasing environmental safety in the production process or as a result of using improved products were introduced by 3.6% agricultural enterprises. According to the results of assessing the level of diffusion of innovations in agriculture, carried out on the basis of Rosstat data, the Central, Northwestern and Ural federal districts differ in a balanced level of innovation activity in all parameters. In the Volga Federal District, the share of organizations engaged in marketing innovations exceeds the average Russian level, but the aggregate level of innovation activity is low - 3%. A characteristic feature of the administrative-territorial units of the Russian Federation, in which the smallest share of innovative activity of any type in agriculture is recorded, is the predominance of small forms of management in their structure. According to the Analytical Center of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, in 2019 the number of people employed in agriculture was 4706 thousand people (6.5% of the employed people total number in the Russian Federation); among them only 113 thousand people were specialists in the field of information technology. The shortage of the qualified workforce with skills in digital technologies is more than 90 thousand people. Most respondents acknowledge the advisability of raising the qualifications of agricultural specialists in the field of digital technologies; they note the need to create centers of competence. In the context of macroeconomic and geopolitical instability, ensuring the Russian Federation’s leading position in the world food markets requires a set of institutional solutions aimed at increasing innovative activity in agriculture.

Innovative activities in Russia’s oil and gas sector as a key factor of the Arctic development program implementation

Innovative activities in Russia’s oil and gas sector as a key factor of the Arctic development program implementation

Национальный и региональные инновационные процессы: динамика, факторы и тенденции

Цель : проанализировать современные национальные и региональные инновационные процессы, определив факторы и тенденции их развития. Обсуждение : инновационные процессы повышают конкурентоспособность регионов. Мировые трансформации в экономике, технологиях не оставляют другого выбора у регионов, иначе как максимально активно включаться в инновационные процессы, создавая для их распространения и внедрения благоприятную среду. Результа ты : рассмотрена динамика инновационной деятельности в России по отдельным показателям, таким как объемы отгрузки инновационных продуктов, вес инновационных товаров и другим. Определены факторы, влияющие на инновационные процессы на национальном уровне: развитость институтов, человеческий капитал и исследования, инфраструктура, рыночные условия, уровень развития сотрудников, наличие разработок и технологий, а также творческие инновации. Указаны основные направления, которым надо уделять особое внимание на национальном и региональных уровнях, и сформулированы рекомендации по развитию инновационных процессов.

Инновационная деятельность в научно-технической сфере России

The article examines the state of innovative activity in Russia on the basis of the most significant indicators (federal budget spending on science, number of advanced technologies created, training of scientific personnel, effectiveness of new research, etc.), dynamics of innovative development in the Russian scientific and technical sphere over the past 25 years is analyzed. It is noted that with an acute shortage of budgetary funds, labor, investment, material and technical resources and other development factors, it is necessary to take new decisions on priorities for developing all life support spheres, taking into account the continuing threats of extension and possible tightening of international sanctions.

Development of Methodology for Statistical Measurement of Innovative Activity amid Reforming of International Standards

The article presents the results of the study of the latest international standards and methods of statistical measurement of innovations developed by leading international organizations, contributing to the further development of the domestic methodology of this area of statistics. The authors identified promising directions for extending and refining knowledge on various aspects of innovative activity, including those associated with generation of new information base to analyze, conduct international comparisons and make forecasts of development of the innovative sector of the economy.The article considers up to date approaches to the measurement of innovative processes and the possibility of their adaptation to domestic practice. The paper includes revised definitions of the concepts of innovations, innovation activity, and its types. The composition and content of types of specially researched innovations, covering basic business process of organizations, are revealed; characteristics of innovation activity are identified in more detail. A new version of the Community Innovation Survey program is presented, which focuses on the study of «open innovation», including user innovations, revision of innovative activities. Some additions to the existing questionnaire are formulated.The place of innovative development of Russia compared to that in European countries is analyzed. For these purposes, the authors justified the use of the system of indicators reflecting current trends and development potential of innovations in the economy. In particular, this system includes indicators of the level of innovative activity, dynamics, and intensity of innovative activity. Based on the calculations of key indicators characterizing innovative activity in Russia, the authors concluded that over the past decade, the main characteristics of innovation activity have not significantly changed. In terms of the level of innovation activity, our country ranks 28th (7,5%), as for the intensity of expenditure on technological innovation - 9th (2,1%), in terms of the share of innovative goods and services in total sales 24th (6,5%).In conclusion, the authors formulated main methodological changes in the statistical measurement of innovative processes associated with the modernization of international standards and identified further directions for improving statistics of innovation. These directions require increased attention to monitoring the effectiveness of the tools used, and creating an information basis for making informed management decisions in the field of regulating innovation processes.