Innate Talent Research Articles

Expertise or talent: what is more important in a doctor?

The authors question whether having an innate talent or possessing acquired professional skills is more important for "living as a physician." The article emphasizes a combination of personal traits, such as compassion, emotional intelligence, and teamwork skills, which are highly significant and complement technical competencies. The authors highlight the importance of being able to make quick decisions and provide emotional support in critical situations, especially in emergency medicine. Furthermore, it is crucial that a group of professionals has a variety of talents, as this can be the basis for more inclusive care. Patience, cited by Roger Federer in a speech at Dartmouth University, is an essential quality for healthcare professionals during years when the healthcare system is experiencing a profound funding crisis. Finally, it is essential for a physician to be adaptable and committed to continuous cultural growth in an evolving healthcare environment.

“You Learn More From Failure—When Things Are Not Working Well.”

Biochemist Katalin Karikó won the Nobel Prize for research that laid the groundwork for effective COVID-19 vaccines. She talks about how hard work and focus—rather than innate talent—led to her scientific success, and about the joy of solving interesting puzzles.

Rigor and accessibility: Attitudes towards syntax pedagogy in higher education

We report on early stages of a large study on syntax pedagogy, and particularly on perceptions of “gatekeeping”. We present the results of a pilot study to explore this theme and others that arose, such as inequality and discrimination in the classroom, as well as the results of an ongoing program survey. Together, these results show that there are widespread experiences of bias in syntax classrooms, that syntax occupies a privileged space within linguistics, and that syntax is perceived to be a particularly difficult subject which some people have an innate talent for and others do not. The findings, especially in the context of current work on social justice in linguistics, have serious implications for inclusivity in the field and on how we as syntax educators can make changes for the benefit of future syntax scholars.

Проблема художника в «итальянской прозе» А. Н. Майкова («Пикник во Флоренции») и в романе И. А. Гончарова «Обрыв»

The Maykov literary and artistic salon played a significant role in shaping the aesthetics of Ivan Goncharov, with some members sharing the writer’s creative attitudes towards the contemporary historical and literary process. One of the influential figures was Apollon Maykov. During the 1840s, a time when Russian literature was at an “aesthetic crossroads,” the poet travelled to Italy. His stay in this country resulted in the essay “Picnic in Florence” (1848) where the poet, art critic, and former artist, addresses important problems of verbal and visual art. At the same time, Ivan Goncharov, Maykov’s teacher and a close friend of his family, begins to write a novel “The Artist” (“The Precipice” 1869). In their critical works on painting, both Goncharov and Maykov discussed the two fundamental schools of Italian and Flemish art, which together create a comprehensive depiction of life and embody a holistic approach to art. The main characters in Goncharov’s and Maykov’s texts are remarkably alike, characterized by their innate talent for transforming reality into poetic visual representations. The proximity of Goncharov’s Raisky to Maykov’s Gorunin and Tarneev images highlights their shared commitment to the fundamental principles of modern art: a meticulous portrayal of everyday existence and a celebration of the beauty inherent in the ordinary. These postulates allowed Goncharov and Maykov to achieve a creative synthesis of the “high” and the “every-day,” a central aspect of their aesthetic stance.

Academician Zarifa Aliyeva – 100

In 2023, the 100th anniversary of the outstanding Azerbaijani ophthalmologist, Honored Scientist, laureate of the M. Averbakh Prize, academician Zarifa Aliyeva, was celebrated. A significant chapter of academician Zarifa Aliyeva's illustrious scientific career, revealing her innate talent and unwavering dedication, is intrinsically linked to the Abdulla Garayev Institute of Physiology. In 1979, Zarifa khanum initiated and saw through the establishment of the laboratory “Physiology of the Visual Organ and Occupational Pathology." Her transition from an accomplished ophthalmologist to a pioneering theoretical scientist was a testament to her vision and leadership. The laboratory's early research focused on the topic of “Clinical-physiological and morphohistochemical characteristics of the visual organ in individuals working under the influence of various chemical factors." As a scientist, Zarifa khanum was committed to addressing the most pressing and significant issues of her era, particularly those concerning human well-being. At the time, Azerbaijan was considered a hub of the chemical industry in the former USSR. Consequently, her laboratory sought to comprehensively analyze the long-term, chronic impact of various chemical agents used in industrial settings on the visual organ, with a keen focus on early detection of associated changes. This pioneering work laid the foundation for a new direction in ophthalmology, not only in Azerbaijan but throughout the former Soviet Union, focusing on innovative approaches to studying and preventing occupational eye diseases. In recognition of her contributions, academician Zarifa Aliyeva was honored with the M.I. Averbakh Prize by the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in 1981. This research unfolded on a grand scale, encompassing over 4,000 workers and approximately 500 agricultural specialists who participated in ophthalmological examinations. This exemplified the close alignment of science and production, a cornerstone of modern scientific inquiry, in the work conducted by Zarifa khanum five decades ago. Zarifa Khanum was an innovative scientist ahead of her time who introduced electrophysiological methods alongside extensive ophthalmological examinations in her research. Her studies delved into the effects of toxic substances on the functional state of the retina, free radical processes, and neurotransmitter levels. The results of her pioneering work continue to captivate and inspire numerous scholars in modern times. A special area of Zarifa khanum's scientific inquiry was the study of age-related changes in the visual organ. Her book, “Age-Related Changes of the Eye and Optic Nerve Tract," marked the genesis of a new field within ophthalmology, known as ophthalmological gerontology. This work remains highly pertinent today, especially in the context of ongoing gerontological research at our institute. It's worth noting that her laboratory's staff continued research in this vein after her passing. In the late 1980s, the laboratory's ophthalmologists actively participated in international scientific expeditions both in Azerbaijan and in regions of the former USSR, including Crimea, as part of the “Longevity Phenomenon” international cooperation program. They studied age-related changes in the visual organ among 900 individuals over 90 years of age, publishing several highly significant scientific articles that remain relevant to specialists today. In the 1990s, due to the challenging socio-political factors, Zarifa khanum's laboratory faced an unfortunate hiatus. In 2016, we took the initiative to reestablish this laboratory. A research group called “Physiology of Vision” was formed under the directorate to continue Zarifa khanum's legacy in the realm of physiology and age-related visual pathology. This group achieved remarkable scientific success in a short time, exploring intricate links between neurodegenerative diseases and the visual system's structures. With support from the Science Development Fund, the group launched international cooperation programs, enhancing its team and, ultimately, establishing the “Physiology of Vision and Neurodegenerative Processes” laboratory in 2021. Today, the laboratory is intently focused on studying the neurophysiological mechanisms of visual impairment during neurodegenerative diseases and pioneering innovative rehabilitation methods. The scientific ideas of academician Zarifa Aliyeva grow in relevance with time. Her scientific legacy perseveres, serving the cause of a healthier society. It is incumbent upon all of us to support this legacy and carry forward the scientific traditions of this eminent scientist. The International Conference "Physiology of vision and occupational pathologies: fundamental and applied aspects" and the 6th Congress of Azerbaijan Physiologists held on October 30-31, 2023, in Baku were dedicated to the 100th anniversaries of the National Leader of the Azerbaijani people, Heydar Aliyev, and the outstanding scientist, academician Zarifa Aliyeva. The current issue of the journal is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the academician Zarifa Aliyeva.

Membangun Jiwa Wirausaha di Usia Muda pada Panti Sosial dan Rumah Tahfiz Al-Qur’an Raudatul Jannah Bukittinggi

Entrepreneurship is an innate talent from birth and honed through direct experience in the field, so now the paradigm has shifted. Counseling on Building an Entrepreneurial Spirit at a Young Age at Raudatul Jannah Bukittinggi Qur'anic Social Institution and Tahfiz House is an activity that can provide knowledge and understanding of the importance of business so that we must be able to apply entrepreneurship in the digital era. The method of service activities using socialization and discussion is considered quite appropriate for exploring the problems experienced by marketing, so that they can obtain effective solutions. This outreach activity was also welcomed by the local orphanage The service is carried out at Raudatul Jannah Bukittinggi Qur'anic Social Institution and Tahfiz House. Entrepreneurship has become a scientific discipline that studies values, Participants have a willingness to increase knowledge and understanding of business in entrepreneurship in the digital era which can be seen from the enthusiasm of the participants following this counseling activity. Based on the results of this service activity in the form of counseling, runs smoothly with good teamwork and active participation in this service activity so that the service activities run as expected and hopefully can provide benefits for participants.

Investigating preservice teachers' field-specific ability beliefs: Do they believe innate talent is essential for success in their subject?

Recent research proposes that teachers' mindsets vary regarding the importance of students' innate ability for success. While growth and fixed mindsets capture beliefs about intelligence, field-specific ability beliefs focus on a specific domain. Higher FAB scores indicate greater emphasis on innate ability. The present study examines the factorial validity of both field-specific beliefs and general mindsets and their associations with teacher motivation. Drawing on cross-sectional data from 1192 preservice teachers, results provide empirical support for a distinction between FABs and fixed mindset. Moreover, FABs differ significantly among preservice teachers from various subjects. Finally, FABs significantly correlate with teachers' motivational attributes.

Waltzifiability hypothesis

We present a composition for solo classical guitar. This work comprises four pieces in 3/4 that share the same harmony, but the composition restrictions differ for each. The results are four distinct "waltz" movements. The main contribution of this work is showing composition not as rooted in inspiration, emotions, or innate talent but as a process of learning, critics, and performance. Also is an example of the paradox of choice, i.e., one may be more creative with less freedom of choice. Of course, in this learning environment, the artistic work becomes the musical discourse based on the interaction between the student/composer, the teacher, and the performer.

‘It comes with more baggage than prestige’: deferred culpability and disavowal among elite boys’ school alumni

ABSTRACT Research investigating elite schools has highlighted how students within these learning environments embody and naturalise their privilege through discourses of merit, hard work, and innate talent and skill. However, relatively little is known about how privilege, and its associated discourses, moves with students beyond the school gate and into adulthood. In this paper we present accounts from elite boys’ school alumni to interrogate how they mediate representations of Self as morally ‘good and sincere’. The active disavowal of the elite education experience, and deferral of culpability from the cultural practices of these institutions feature in these accounts. In particular, the paper explores the strategies used to reconcile aspects of the elite boys’ school experience. We argue that these practices of disavowal and deferred culpability provide a degree of personal and professional mobility, from which the cultivation of a positive sense of self as a ‘good’ man emerges.

INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ MINDSET ABOUT THE ROLES OF TALENT AND EFFORT IN EFL LEARNING

Mindset plays a significant role in language learners' success. The present investigation examined the mindsets of Indonesian students with respect to their English language learning proficiency, specifically exploring whether such proficiency is attributable solely to innate talent or whether it requires individual effort. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain whether the mindset of individuals towards learning English is characterized by a growth orientation, which is influenced by effort, or a fixed orientation, which is influenced by talent. Additionally, the study seeks to explore the potential impact of this mindset on the motivation of individuals to study English. A sample of 150 university students from various academic disciplines was surveyed to gather data. The present investigation utilized a mindset survey, which was administered through the completion of a questionnaire and subjected to quantitative analysis. Based on the data, it can be inferred that students hold the belief that exerting effort is of greater significance than possessing innate talent when acquiring proficiency in the English language. This encompasses the capacity to endure critique and surmount obstacles and challenges. The present study characterizes the students’ attitude towards English as exhibiting a positive trend of progressing and developing, which is expected to yield enduring advantages for their English learning. They understand the significance of acquiring English proficiency for future employment opportunities and the diverse range of potential applications in their daily routines.

The Fundamental Recruitment Error: Candidate-Recruiter Discrepancy in Their Relative Valuation of Innate Talent vs. Hard Work

Innate talent and orientation toward hard work are highly important personal attributes with respect to workers’ productive capabilities. In this research, we identify a discrepancy between job candidates and recruiters in their relative valuation of these two attributes. Although innate talent is valued relatively more by job candidates than recruiters, the opposite is true for orientation toward hard work. We propose that the discrepancy is rooted in a misalignment of the fundamental motivations of the two parties in the job market. In seven studies (four preregistered), which include randomized trial experiments and quasi-experiments and use real life recruiters and job seekers (across a total of 112 industries) as participants, we provide evidence of the current effect and its underlying mechanism. Studies 1A–1C demonstrate the negative consequence of the discrepancy on job market efficiency, showing that it can lead candidates to adopt impression management strategies that lower their chance of getting the job. Studies 2A and 2B show that full-time workers consider career potential to be associated with both innate talent and hard work but position performance to be more strongly associated with hard work than innate talent. Finally, Studies 3A and 3B indicate that candidates are relatively more career-focused, whereas recruiters are relatively more position focused and that this difference in their relative focus mediates the current discrepancy. Implications of the present research for both job candidates and recruiters are discussed. Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program [Grant 72172136] awarded to X. Dai and University of Macau Multi-Year Research Grants [MYRG2020-00030-FBA and MYRG2022-00126-FBA] awarded to K. Si. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1667 .

The Creativity of Teachers Using Online Learning Media in Pandemic Covid-19

Creativity is the potential of every individual that can be studied, processed, explored and developed for the better, not an innate talent and trait born in a person. In the implementation of learning, Creativity has an essential role in creating more active, fun, exciting learning and facilitates learning. Teacher creativity is the ability to find thoughts about ideas and ideas in solving a problem related to educational science. Creative teachers will continue to develop exciting learning to improve quality, improve materials, use methods, use media and manage classrooms. Especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, a teacher is required to create exciting and fun learning. The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred throughout the world, including Indonesia, involves implementing distance learning as instructed by the Ministry of Education and Culture to continue learning during this COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, teachers at all levels of education must make new learning plans related to distance learning. Likewise, the teaching carried out at SMP Negeri 4 Subah, an area in the red zone of the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, requires learning to be carried out online. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 4 Subah with a qualitative approach or descriptive field research. The results show that teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Subah are ready to carry out online learning by utilizing media or applications that can support online learning to keep it exciting and fun, including using WhatsApp, Google Classroom, Google Form, Zoom Meeting, Email and other applications on when delivering subject matter, giving assignments and carrying out tests.

The Waiting Room

Should you abandon your dream to pursue where your true talents lie? Is a lifetime following your dream to be a painter a successful life if it turns out you simply don’t have an eye for art? Where do our dreams come from? When should they be abandoned? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, a young boy is in the government waiting room waiting to be assigned a new “dream.” He strikes up a conversation with other people in the waiting room. Some of them are anxious to get new dreams implanted into their brain as they have not found success. Others don’t want to let go of the failed dream they were originally assigned because they believe, in their heart of hearts, it is what they were born to do. The government is indifferent to the desires of the people. Society has needs, people have innate talents, and the government, as far as they are concerned, should focus on getting people to follow the dreams they are good at, as well as the dreams that are most needed by society. This story was the winner of the Fall 2020 After Dinner Conversation Writing Competition.

К ВОПРОСУ О ТЕАТРАЛЬНОСТИ РОМАНА Т. МАННА "ПРИЗНАНИЯ АВАНТЮРИСТА ФЕЛИКСА КРУЛЯ"

The article analyzes functioning of the category of theatricality in Thomas Mann’s novel “Confessions of Felix Krull”. The article also considers the embodiment of the formal and informative aspects of this category. The authors pay close attention to the image of the main character, whose characteristic feature becomes proteanism: throughout the narrative, he appears before the reader in different roles and guises. The image of Felix Krull combines both actor’s and director’s types of the theatricality presented in the novel, which allows the author to maintain the conflict between the illusory festivity of a theatricalized life and the grayness of reality. For the main character of the novel, theatricality becomes the main way to comprehend the world, while innate talent for transformation, skillful play, and techniques of enchanting the audience are the basis of his behavior. The functioning of the category of theatricality at different levels of the text and the use of various theatrical techniques in the novel promote disclosure of the concept of the artist in the writer’s work. Mann’s novel about the artist is conjugated with a liminal, borderline world perception. The opposition of spirit (art) / life (burgher), gradually turning into correlation, is the main path for evolution of his artistic world.

Ingenuity in the Making: Matter and Technique in Early Modern Europe ed. by Richard J. Oosterhoff, José Ramón Marcaida, and Alexander Marr

Reviewed by: Ingenuity in the Making: Matter and Technique in Early Modern Europe ed. by Richard J. Oosterhoff, José Ramón Marcaida, and Alexander Marr Karel Davids (bio) Ingenuity in the Making: Matter and Technique in Early Modern Europe Edited by Richard J. Oosterhoff, José Ramón Marcaida, and Alexander Marr. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. Pp. 382. "Ingenuity" was a commonplace term in early modern Europe. References abound in the arts and sciences of the time, although the meaning of the word could differ widely. Historians have scrutinized the concept from various angles, especially studying the history of engineering, the history of rhetoric, and the development of art theory. While acknowledging the important insights produced by these established lines of inquiry, the editors of this volume nonetheless claim that a fresh perspective is needed. The history of ingenuity has in their view been too much subordinated to the history of genius. They aim to redirect research on the subject by looking at all kinds of makers, whether geniuses or not, and probing into the many different ways in which makers engaged with matter and designed ingenious objects. The volume thus offers a very diverse set of papers. There are essays on mining literature, calligraphy, anatomy, medical training, alchemy, the role of vapors in the philosophy of Francis Bacon, the meaning of gems in the writings of Robert Boyle, the uses of minerals set in elaborate metal cups in the shape of coconuts, sculptures with movable parts as an aid to devotion, sundials in Renaissance gardens, and a magical lamp burning human blood described by alchemist Johann Ernst Burggrav. Finally, there are a few contributions that examine changes in the concept of ingenuity over time and how Europeans reflected on, or appropriated, specimens of ingenuity produced in other parts of the world. Sixteen beautiful color plates accompany the texts. All essays are paragons of erudition. All of them are very learned and a pleasure to read. Readers are nevertheless left wondering what this variety of well-crafted case studies eventually contributes to a better understanding [End Page 259] of the concept of ingenuity, apart from the observation that ingenuity in the early modern period was an even more complex and pluriform concept than previously thought. Ingenuity not only had to do with genius—that is a hard fact the contributions in this volume make abundantly clear. However, it would have been helpful if the editors had added a concluding analysis uncovering some patterns in the wealth of empirical evidence. The essay that comes nearest to such an analytical approach is Marieke Hendriksen's excellent piece on the shift of concepts in eighteenth-century theories of art and craft. Hendriksen concentrates on the demise of ingenuity and the rise of genius and technique in German thinking about the visual arts around 1800. She argues that ingenuity lost its central role in art theory as the need arose for a new language to distinguish innate talent and acquired skill in the appreciation of fine art. Genius became the preferred designation for the former, technique for the latter. The concept of ingenuity, which intersected the mind-hand distinction, was not suitable for this purpose, but it retained its use in other areas where making and knowing were seen to be interconnected, such as engineering. Hendriksen's essay also leads us to a fundamental question that the editors, alas, do not address in their introduction. Granted that the concept of ingenuity in the early modern period could be applied to so many makers and artifacts, did it actually have any limits at all? Were there any restrictions to its use? Perhaps there were—if you read between the lines. Although the words "craft" and "artisans" appear a few times in this volume, the case studies do not refer to guilds or guildsmen, nor does the index. None of the case studies discuss the relevance of guild rules for makers or artifacts, which have been the subject of a growing body of historiography of late. The discourse on ingenuity in the early modern period was apparently completely removed from the world of guilds, even if these organizations remained key institutions in many European economies...

Nature versus Nurture in Social Mobility Under Private and Public Education Systems

This paper analyzes the roles of innate talent versus family background in shaping intergenerational mobility and social welfare under different education systems. We establish an overlapping-generations model in which the allocation of workforce between a high-paying skilled labor sector and a low-paying unskilled labor sector depends on talent, parental human capital, and educational resources, and the wage rate of skilled workers is governed by their average talent. Our model suggests that under the private education system, income inequality is inversely associated with social mobility, and the steady-state average talent of skilled labor declines as parents increase educational spending. The introduction of public education, which makes the allocation of workforce depend more on talent and less on family background, tends to increase both inequality and mobility and improve welfare under reasonable conditions. Our simulations show that if the government diverts public school funding to redistribution, the economy has lower inequality and mobility in the steady state. Moving from elitist to meritocratic systems yields lower inequality and greater mobility.

검도 선수군의 운동 수행능력에 영향을 미치는 유전자 다형성의 탐색

It has been widely recognized that multiple genetic as well as environmental factors contributes to the inter-individual differences of the athletic performance, and advances in genetics and genetic engineering fields allow us to search for the useful genetic markers influencing sports talents. The purpose of this study was to identify causative genes that may contribute to the athletic performance of kendo discipline. A total of 98 unrelated male individuals were participated in this study, and they divided into controls(n=43) and kendo players(n=55), respectively. Also, the genetic polymorphisms in a total of six candidate genes(AMPD1(C34T, rs17602729), MCT1(T1470A, rs1049434), BDNF(Val66Met, G/A, rs6265), DRD(-521C/T, rs1800955), AGTR2(C/A, rs11091046) and ACE2(C/T or G/A, rs1978124) genes) were genotyped by using SNaPshot method in both groups. Among genetic polymorphisms studied, there were the significant differences in both genotype and allele frequencies of the -521C/T polymorphism in DRD4 gene between both groups, respectively(p.05). Especially, the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele in this genetic polymorphism were more higher in kendo players than in controls, respectively. Therefore, it is likely that the -521C/T polymorphism in DRD4 gene may be one of genetic markers influencing athletic performance from a psychological point of view in the case of kendo players. However, sample size in this study is modest, and athletic performance is fundamentally under the influence of many genes, further studies by using larger smaple size and more candidate genes will be required in order to get a better understanding on innate talent of kendo discipline.

Can Essentiality of Origin Save Meritocracy From The Luck Objection?

Rawls famously argued against meritocratic conceptions of distributive justice on the grounds that the accumulation of merit is an unavoidably lucky process, both because of differences in early environment, and innate talents. Thomas Mulligan (2018a) has recently provided a novel defense of meritocracy against the “luck objection”, arguing that both sources of luck would be mostly eliminated in a meritocracy. While a system of fair equality of opportunity ensures that differences in social class or early environment do not lead to differences in the accumulation of merit, Kripke’s essentiality of origin thesis means that our genetic endowments, and thus our innate talents, could not have been any other way. But if we could not fail to have our innate talents, Mulligan argues, then it is not a matter of luck that we have them, and so the merits we accumulate on their basis are not so luck-dependent. This paper argues that Mulligan’s appeal to the essentiality of origin thesis fails to rescue meritocratic conceptions of distributive justice from the luck objection for two reasons. First, even granting essentiality of origin and fair equality of opportunity, the contingencies of the market and the social environment mean that having some innate talents is far luckier than having others. And second, the appeal to essentiality of origin misses the underlying motivation for the luck objection, and ignores the intimate connection between desert and responsibility.

Is Insulin Resistance the Heavy Toll for Speed?

Average Joe’s skeletal muscles are composed of a roughly equal number of slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers. Some not-so-average people may display a clear dominance of fast fibers (or others of slow fibers) and therefore possess an innate talent to excel in fast and sprint-like sport events. There may have been evolutionary benefits from this striking heterogeneity in muscle typology within or between early human tribes. Yet, there appears to be significant clinical implications of these uneven muscle fiber type compositions in contemporary humans. Is speed a trade-off for insulin sensitivity? An elegant study by Blackwood et al (1) was recently published in this journal and demonstrates that insulin resistance is higher in an a priori established group of people with a dominant fast-twitch muscle fiber typology when compared to a slow-twitch group. This association between the heterogeneity in the skeletal muscle fiber typology of healthy adults and the whole-body insulin sensitivity means an important revival and expansion of earlier research. Lillioja et al (2) originally observed that the muscle fiber type composition is related to the in vivo insulin action in healthy men.

Mentoring and the Dynamics of Affirmative Action

We analyze the long-term workforce composition when the quality of mentoring available to majority and minority juniors depends on their representation in the workforce. A workforce with at least 50 percent majority workers invariably converges to one where the majority is overrepresented relative to the population. To maximize welfare, persistent interventions, such as group-specific fellowships, are often needed, and the optimal workforce may include minority workers of lower innate talent than the marginal majority worker. We discuss the role of mentorship determinants, talent dispersion, the scope of short-term interventions, various policy instruments and contrast our results to the classic fairness narrative. (JEL I20, J15, J16, J24)