Sports Injuries Research Articles

A Risk Tool for Evaluating Overuse Injury and Return-to-Play Time Periods in Youth and Collegiate Athletes: Preliminary Study.

Overuse injuries in youth athletes are associated with risks, including sports specialization, biological maturation, female sex, and workload measures. As no assessment tool exists to evaluate risk accumulation, we developed a novel risk factor scoring system (Sport Training Assessment of Risk [STAR]) to assess participants' risk of overuse injury and explore association with return-to-play (RTP) time periods. (1) STAR will reach an acceptable predictive threshold in the assessment of overuse injury in youth athletes. (2) Higher STAR scores will be associated with increased RTP time periods after injury. Longitudinal cohort study. Level 3. Youth athletes with an injury sustained during competitive sport completed questionnaires. Association of questionnaire variables with injury risk type was evaluated via logistic regression analyses, and unweighted and weighted versions of a total risk score were developed. RTP was defined by physician clearance per electronic medical record review. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests and Kendall's rank correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between weighted total risk score and RTP time periods. The weighted STAR model was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The weighted STAR model trended toward an acceptable level of prediction for overuse (nonserious + serious) injury (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.61-0.71), but was less predictive for serious overuse injury (AUC, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.55-0.71). Weighted total risk score was weakly associated with return to full play (ρ = 0.11; P < 0.01), and potentially with return to modified play (ρ = -0.08; P = 0.04). STAR may be a feasible tool for assessing overuse injury risk and RTP time periods in youth athletes but requires further development, as it did not reach an acceptable predictive threshold in this preliminary study. Clinicians can use STAR to assess overuse injury risk in youth athletes.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: Individualized Indications for Non-Operative Management.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture represents a common sports injury that is mostly managed operatively. However, non-operative treatment can also play a role, despite the limited high-quality published data on ACL tear management. Both methods have shown favorable outcomes, but clear guidelines based on high-quality research are lacking. Several factors should be considered and discussed with the patient before deciding on the best treatment method. These include patient characteristics and expectations, concomitant injuries, and clinical evaluation, with laxity or/and instability being one of the most essential parameters examined. This should eventually lead to an individualized approach for each patient to ensure the best possible outcome. This review aims to delve into all parameters that are related to ACL rupture and guide physicians in choosing the most appropriate treatment method for each patient.

The Holistic MAP to Athletic Wellness: A Narrative Review

You can’t use an old map to explore a new world. —Albert Einstein We are at a fork in the evolutionary road to athletic wellness. While elite athletes are achieving unsurpassed magnificence in strength, endurance, power, and skill, much of our population is experiencing a devolution from poor lifestyle choices that negatively influence both human and planetary health. The alarming descent to a lesser state of collective health puts most of our sedentary population at greater risk of injury, disease, dysfunction, and chronic pain. The father of sports medicine, Herodicus, was the first known physician to recommend exercise for the treatment of disease, recognizing its powerful influence on quality of life and health span. Athletic participation is linked with improved physical and mental health, as well as reduced obesity, disability, and disease. However, sports may also result in physical, psychological, social, athletic, professional, and financial repercussions.1 The international scientific community has rallied with tremendous research over the past decades to promote sustainable athletic participation and healthy active living. While tremendous efforts have been launched to engage in this challenging endeavor, a significant problem remains due to the multifactorial nature of athletic injuries. The full potential for body-mind-spirit resilience and wellness is achieved through the balance of all interdependent components, considering all possible biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors influencing each athlete to establish an individualized, holistic mindset, agility, and personalization (MAP) approach toward injury-free sports and active living.

The Effect of Rehabilitation Exercises Accompanied by the Dietary Supplement (ZMA) on Partial Tear in the Deltoid Muscle, indicated by the Electrical Activity of Throwing Athletes

The first chapter consists of an introduction to the study in its importance in using ringing magnetic X-ray to find out the range of sports injury. It also refers to the role of the scientific rehabilitation programs which go in harmony with the continuing development of medical and treating sciences as well as the role of treating ways and its importance of applying the rehabilitation programs in the recovery of sports injuries. The researcher also indicates the research significance using the style of identifying the sports injuries using the new modern medical devices and the physical, biochemical and electric action (SMG) signs as ones of developing and improving the tearing deltoid. This chapter also includes the problems emerged from the injured deltoid of partial tearing of young handbollers and the importance of identifying such problems by the modern medical devices. This helps in finding the proper.

Psychopathologic Evaluation in Patients With Nasal Bone Fractures.

Background: Nasal bone fractures are pretty common. The most common causes include interpersonal violence, traffic accidents, sports injuries, and falls. This study aimed to assess patients presenting with nasal bone fractures not only for nasal trauma but also for personality disorders, impulsivity, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using psychiatric questionnaires. Methods: The study included 41 patients, and the control group consisted of 43 volunteers without nasal bone fracture; neither the patients nor the volunteers had previously been diagnosed with or treated for psychiatric disorders. The psychiatric questionnaires administered were the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Short Form (EPQR-S), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-Short Form (BIS-11-SF), and Turgay's Adult ADD/ADHD DSM-IV-based Scale. Results: The most common cause of nasal bone fractures in our study was violence (41.5%), followed by traffic accidents (29.3%), falls (17%), and sports injuries (12.2%). In the EPQR-S assessment, the nasal bone fracture (NBF) group had significantly-higher total scores than the control group (CG) (P < .001). In the subscales of the questionnaire, extroversion, psychoticism, and lie subscale scores were higher in the NBF group than in the CG. In the BIS-11-SF assessment, the NBF group had higher total scores than the CG (P < .001). Assessment using Turgay's adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV-based diagnostic screening and rating scale revealed no statistically-significant difference between the NBF group and the CG in terms of attention deficit and hyperactivity. Conclusion: We found that psychoticism patterns and impulsivity were more prevalent in the patient group, whereas ADD/ADHD was not. The results of our study suggest that performing a psychiatric assessment may be the right decision in patients presenting with NBFs caused by violence, whether they are the aggressor or the victim.

Laboratory medicine and sports: where are we now?

Laboratory medicine in sport and exercise has significantly developed during the last decades with the awareness that physical activity contributes to improved health status, and is present in monitoring both professional and recreational athletes. Training and competitions can modify concentrations of a variety of laboratory parameters, so the accurate laboratory data interpretation includes controlled and known preanalytical and analytical variables to prevent misleading interpretations. The paper represents a comprehensive summary of the lectures presented during the 35th Annual Symposium of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. It describes management of frequent sport injuries and sums up current knowledge of selected areas in laboratory medicine and sports including biological variation, changes in biochemical parameters and glycemic status. Additionally, the paper polemicizes sex hormone disorders in sports, encourages and comments research in recreational sports and laboratory medicine. In order to give the wider view, the connection of legal training protocols as well as monitoring prohibited substances in training is also considered through the eyes of laboratory medicine.

Study on the Restrictive Factors of Wushu Sanda Movement in Weinan Middle School of Shan xi Province

This paper analyzes the development of Wushu Sanda movement in middle schools in Weinan City, Shan xi Province through the research methods of literature, questionnaire, logic analysis and expert interview, clears out the constraints of Wushu Sanda movement in middle schools, and puts forward corresponding solutions. The results show that: the effective time can not be well mastered; The site is inadequate or unsuitable; May cause fighting or disorder; Lack of martial arts education; Lack of teachers; Prone to sports injury; The lack of interest is the restricting factor that restricts the development of Wushu Sanda movement among young people. The author suggests that we should classify teaching according to the purpose of learning; Optimize the allocation and use of space; Changing the perception of parents and students; Strengthen military morality education; Recruit excellent Sanda teachers; Improve teaching quality and optimize service; Injury prevention and rehabilitation treatment are the effective countermeasures to solve the problem of Wushu Sanda movement among young people.

Relationship Between Resiliency, Personality Traits, Athletic Identity, and Dynamic Balance and Functional Performance with the Occurrence of Sports Injuries in Female Bodybuilders

Background: Bodybuilding is a widely embraced physical activity pursued for health enhancement and fitness improvement. However, reports indicate a notable prevalence of sports injuries among bodybuilders. Objectives: This study aims to explore the correlation between resiliency, personality traits, athletic identity, dynamic balance of upper and lower limbs, and functional performance with the occurrence of sports injuries in female bodybuilders, addressing a gap in previous research on this specific population. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Tehran from 2022 to 2023. Standardized questionnaires assessing personality traits, resiliency, athletic identity, and sports injuries, along with functional screening tests and the Y balance test for upper and lower limbs, were administered to 110 female bodybuilders (average age 36.8 ± 1.8). Results: The findings revealed that sports injuries are prevalent among female bodybuilders, with an average prevalence rate of 40.1%. The most commonly affected areas were the lower back (19.1%), knee (17.6%), and shoulder (14.7%). In terms of personality traits and resiliency, female bodybuilders with a history of injury exhibited higher mean scores in neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, and athletic identity compared to those without a history of injury (P &lt; 0.05), while responsibility and resilience scores were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the average scores of the lower limb Y balance test and FMS for female bodybuilders with a history of injury were significantly lower than those without a history of injury (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that athletic trainers and physiotherapists should consider these psychological and functional factors to help prevent sports injuries among female bodybuilders.

The frequency of injuries of Iranian male professional soccer players: a cross-sectional study.

Soccer is known to be a sport that carries a high risk of injuries due to its physical nature, involving intense contact and rapid movements like acceleration, deceleration, jumping, and sudden changes in direction. Compared to other sports, soccer is considered a contact sport with a heightened injury risk. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of sports injuries among professional soccer players. In this cross-sectional study, 56 male professional footballers participated to assess their injuries. The Pre-Competition Medical Assessment (PCMA) was utilized as the standard protocol for evaluating the athletes. The study examined variables such as injury type, player position on the field, and body mass index (BMI) in accordance with the FIFA-recommended PCMA guidelines. Student t-test was used to compare demographic characteristics injured and healthy athlete. Chi square and fisher exact tests were used to assess the association between player position, injury type and BMI classification. In this study, the mean age of the soccer players was 19.38 ± 1.30 years, with a history of participating in 3 to 60 matches. The highest incidence of injuries was recorded in the knee (48.21%) and ankle (30.36%), respectively. A significant relationship was found between the players' positions on the field and knee pain, with strikers experiencing more knee pain compared to players in other positions (p less than 0.04). However, no significant association was observed between the players' BMI and the occurrence of sports injuries (p greater than 0.05). Given the widespread occurrence of knee injuries among footballers, particularly in attacking players, proper planning and appropriate training protocols would be useful to prevent knee injuries and reduce treatment costs.

The Precision of MRI in the Diagnosis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Among Athletes in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Introduction: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is frequently injured among athletes. ACL injuries occur due to strong contact or indirect knee trauma, causing the enlarging or destroying of non-contractile, and elastic soft-tissue articular structures. Aims: An anterior cruciate ligament injury is the most injured among young athletes. It could be a complete or partial tear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MRI and physical examination in diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament tears among athletes. Method: The data on anterior cruciate ligament tears were collected retrospectively from Riyadh's main hospitals, KSA. The diagnosis went through physical examinations and MRI knee protocol, and the final diagnosis in most cases was based on the physical examination combined with an MRI image. Results: Our data consists of 32 male athletic patients with anterior cruciate ligament tears. The incidence of athlete injuries was mainly among young males between 20-35 years old. The most commonly reported was a partial tear by 66% and a complete tear by 34%. MRI is the main tool to evaluate ACL injury and differentiate between partial and complete ACL tear Conclusion: The final reported cases were diagnosed by using a special MRI knee protocol. A partial tear is the most common injury among young male Saudi athletes, which is a male injury in Saudi society.

The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy in Treating Sports Injuries

Introduction: Sports injuries are a significant health problem for both professional and recreational athletes. Standard treatment methods, including physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions, often fall short in cases of severe soft tissue damage. This has led to a growing interest in alternative therapies, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In recent years, there has been growing interest in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy due to its potential regenerative properties. PRP is increasingly used in the treatment of sports injuries, with the aim of accelerating tissue regeneration and facilitating a return to full physical fitness. This paper attempts to analyze available scientific studies to assess the effectiveness of PRP in the treatment of sports injuries. Purpose of the work: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in treating sports-related muscle, tendon, ligament, and joint injuries, and to compare its efficacy with other established treatment modalities, such as physiotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Results: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been shown to be highly effective in treating sports injuries, particularly muscle and tendon injuries. PRP accelerates tissue regeneration and shortens the time to return to physical activity, but the effectiveness of the therapy depends on the proper preparation protocol and individual patient characteristics. Compared to other treatment methods, PRP has a favorable safety profile and a lower risk of complications. Despite promising results, further studies are needed to better determine the long-term effectiveness and optimal conditions for using this therapy.

The causes of sports injuries of fencers and the coping strategies

Context Fencing is an ancient sport that originated in medieval European wars and gradually developed into a regulated competitive sport. It is a combination of elegant movements and flexible tactics, requiring athletes to be highly focused mentally and well-coordinated physically. Such high demands on movements and reactions reflect the excellent skills and agility of fencers. In order to achieve excellent competition results, many aspects are often involved in the training, including the comprehensive training of technical, physical, tactical and psychological quality. Such high-demand training and high-intensity competition make the probability of sports injury in the process of sports greatly increased. These injuries not only affect the athletes' immediate performance, but also may have a negative impact on their long-term career and shorten the athletes' sports life and may also bring huge psychological pressure and anxiety to the athletes. How to effectively avoid athletes' sports injury and improve the quality of training have become the key reasons for fencers to achieve good results. By understanding the causes and influencing factors of knee joint injury of fencers, it can provide theoretical basis for injury protection of fencers. At the same time, individual prevention or intervention strategies are adopted.

Application of blood flow restriction training in lower limb rehabilitation

With the popularity of national fitness campaigns, sports injuries, especially lower limb injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tears and ankle sprains, are increasing year by year. There are limitations in traditional treatment such as muscle atrophy. In recent years, the blood flow restriction training method (BFRT) which simulates high-intensity exercise with low intensity and limits arterial and venous blood flow to promote muscle growth and strength enhancement, has drawn attention as a novel approach to rehabilitation. This article reviews the application of BFRT in the rehabilitation of lower limb injuries, discusses its effects on muscle function, pain management and quality of life, and evaluates its safety and prospects for clinical application. BFRT reduces mechanical stress, relieves pain, improves endurance and aerobic capacity, and improves cardiovascular function. However, there are discomfort and potential risks, such as muscle injury and thrombosis, which require individualised adjustments and standardised training. BFRT has shown positive result(reducing pain &amp;oedema and improving function)s in rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and chronic ankle instability (CAI). In addition, BFRT has been shown to aid in the functional recovery of the lower extremity in patients with Achilles tendon injuries and strokes. Despite the positive effects of BFRT, relevant studies have problems such as small sample sizes and non-uniform parameters. BFRT is considered a safe training modality, but contraindications should be examined before clinical application. Future research endeavours should investigate the impact of BFRT in many rehabilitation contexts and enhance tailored rehabilitation strategies. In order to maximize the therapeutic benefit, a rehabilitation training program should be developed and refined with a minimum effective dose based on the quantification of the in vivo physiological response to BFRT. The identification of the optimal prognostic approach will help to advance the standardisation of BFR treatment methods.

How to effectively prevent hamstring injury and acute treatment measures

Hamstring injury (HSI) is one of the most common injuries in competitive sports, the recurrence of this injury is high, which has a huge impact on the athlete's return to the game. Muscle strength, flexibility, muscle fatigue and age may contribute to damage to the hamstring. Current studies have shown that some static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), warm-up and rest before and after the game, and the use of equipment such as foam shaft can effectively improve flexibility and prevent injuries, and hamstring strength training can also prevent injuries. The acute phase after injury can be managed by P.R.I.C.E principle to avoid aggravation of injury. This paper describes the dissolving structure, injury mechanism, risk factors, preventive measures and treatment of the hamstring muscle by citing literature and has a more comprehensive understanding of the prevention and treatment methods of hamstring muscle injury and provides some suggestions for athletes and rehabilitation therapists.

The application of aquatic resistance exercises in different diseases

Aquatic exercise is an active exercise that make full use of the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of water in a water environment to achieve a similar strength increase effect as land training, while avoiding the aggravation of joint stress and muscle microdamage caused by repetitive training. It has been widely studied in the field of sports rehabilitation and public fitness, while its form is basically presented in the form of aerobic exercise or interval training, the aquatic resistance exercises are often ignored by people. Due to the influence of the physical characteristics of water, the main form of muscle contraction of athletes performing resistance training in water is similar to isokinetic contraction, and the force used by practitioners is proportional to the resistance of water, which increases the centrifugal load of muscles and greatly reduces the risk of sports injury. In addition to the athletes, aquatic resistance exercises also have certain benefits for other clinical diseases. In this paper, the application of this training in swimming performance, rheumatoid arthritis, postmenopausal osteoporosis and knee osteoarthritis was reviewed in order to improve the clinical understanding and promote its rational application.

Right knee ACL, PCL and MCL reconstruction with sports-related anxiety

Introduction: JM, a 20-year-old male professional ice hockey player, presented with a 2-week history of lack of range of motion, weakness, and pain in his right knee, after a 2-year post-medical collateral ligament repair of the right knee and 3 year-post anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament reconstruction of the right knee. Case Description: In the course of history taken, it was revealed that 5 months prior to admission the patient had been informed by a psychiatrist that he had sport-related anxiety. With an unremarkable psychiatric history prior to age 18, the competitive nature of his sports career in addition to financial pressure may have contributed to his sports-related anxiety. His examination findings were consistent with a diagnosis of complete tears of the right anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament along with grade III medial collateral ligament injury. Discussion: The biopsychosocial model was used to explicate JM's case. JM's current injuries prompted reconstruction of the anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, and medial collateral ligaments. Psychologically, JM's sports-related anxiety is not a rare phenomenon as recent studies have discovered an increased risk of sports-related anxiety amongst young professional athletes. Sports-related anxiety, along with competitive trait anxiety, may be factors that contribute to sports injury occurrence. Other psychological stressors can add to sports-related or competitive trait anxiety, further increasing the risk of sports injury reoccurrence. Summary: JM was admitted for a right knee open medial collateral ligament repair with internal bracing, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and platelet rich plasma injection. As part of a holistic patient-centered treatment plan, a referral to psychiatry was made to address JM's sports-related anxiety with the goal of decreasing future risk of sports injury. Patient's Consent Obtained: Yes

Comprehensive assessment of heavy slow resistance training and high-dose therapeutic ultrasound in managing patellar tendinopathy, a randomized single-blind controlled trial

BackgroundPatellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common sport injury prone to recurrence. Heavy Slow Resistance Training (HSR) and High-Dose Therapeutic Ultrasound (TUS) are frequently used interventions for PT. However, the combined effectiveness of these therapies remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of combination therapy on functional outcomes in patients with PT.MethodsFifty-one college students aged 18–25, diagnosed with PT via musculoskeletal ultrasound, were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 17 per group): combined HSR and high-dose TUS, HSR training alone, or high-dose TUS alone. The eight-week intervention included assessments using the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Y-balance Test (YBT), Modified Thomas Test (MTT), Horizontal Jumping Distance, Maximum Isometric Muscle Strength Test, and musculoskeletal ultrasound for patellar tendon thickness and blood flow. Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention, with a follow-up VISA-P assessment at week 16. This randomized, single-blind controlled trial was registered on ISRCTN11447397 (www.ISRCTN.com) on February 17, 2024 (retrospectively registered).ResultsAll groups demonstrated significant improvements in VISA-P scores at the end of the intervention compared to baseline (p < 0.01), with the combined group showing the greatest improvement (21 points). Follow-up at week 16 revealed continued improvement in VISA-P scores for the combined and HSR groups, while the TUS group showed a slight decrease (from 74 to 70). All groups displayed significantly reduced VAS scores post-intervention (p < 0.01) compared to baseline, indicating decreased pain. While no significant between-group differences were observed in pre-intervention VAS scores, post-intervention results revealed significant differences between the combined and HSR groups (p < 0.05), as well as between the combined and TUS groups (p < 0.01).ConclusionBoth exercise intervention and high-dose TUS appear effective in reducing pain and improving motor function in individuals with PT. However, the therapeutic effect of high-dose TUS alone seems limited compared to exercise intervention. The combined application of both methods yielded the most significant improvements in pain relief and motor function enhancement.

A Discussion Related to the Impact of Incorporating Standardised Individualised Strength Training in the Physical Education Curriculum of Colleges and Universities on the Mental Health of College Students

This study explores the far-reaching impact of standardised personalised strength training on college students' mental health. With the continuous improvement of the comprehensive quality requirements for college students in modern society, mental health problems have gradually come to the forefront and become an important issue to be solved in the field of higher education. Traditional physical education programmes tend to be designed and implemented in a ‘one-size-fits-all’ teaching mode, ignoring the significant differences between students in terms of physical condition, athletic ability and interest preferences. This neglect not only limits the overall development of students' physical abilities, but may also adversely affect their mental health. In response to this challenge, standardised and individualised strength training has been developed. The core of this approach is ‘personalisation’, i.e., a training programme that is tailored to the specific needs of each student. The individualised training programme not only takes into account the student's physical condition and athletic ability, but also respects their preferences. In this way, students are able to train at an intensity and tempo that suits them, thus improving the training effect and reducing the risk of sports injuries.

Asphyxialdeath due to fracture of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage as result of blunt trauma of neck in a motorcycle accident:An Autopsy report

Laryngeal fracture is rare but fatal traumatic injury which is mainly caused by severe blunt trauma from interpersonal violence, motor vehicle accident or sports injuries. Laryngeal fracture can lead to severe airway collapse and death.Mortality decreases to less than 5% once the airways made patent and laryngeal injuries are corrected.People must take motorcycle riding safety course to learn how to ride safely. Always follow traffic rules. The motor vehicle accident can be prevented largely through public awareness and education

Athletic Identity and Sport Injury Processes and Outcomes in Young Athletes: A Supplemental Narrative Review.

Background: Identity formation, a primary developmental task of adolescence, may be particularly relevant to another commonly occurring event for young athletes-sport injury. Relationships between a subdimension of self-identity-athletic identity-and sport injury processes and outcomes have been documented in the general athlete population. The purpose of this supplemental narrative review is to explore the potential role of athletic identity in the risk of injury occurrence and responses to and consequences of injury among young athletes. Methods: Studies on athletic identity in relation to sport injury, with a focus on young athletes, were extracted from a recent scoping review and identified through an updated literature search from April 2020 through June 2024. A total of 23 studies were examined. Results: Across the studies reviewed, high levels of athletic identity were associated with a reluctance to report injury-related symptoms, a tendency to endorse attitudes and behaviors reflecting a willingness to play through pain and injury, intensified physical and psychological symptoms after injury, a disposition toward over-adhering to rehabilitation, high levels of postinjury coping skills, and better functional and return-to-sport outcomes after injury among young athletes. Conclusions: Athletic identity may, therefore, be a source of both strength and vulnerability in young athletes in terms of sport injury processes and outcomes.