Injury In Multiple Trauma Patients Research Articles

Predictive value of serum amylase level in outcome of multiple trauma patients

Introduction: The early detection of injury in multiple trauma patients can lead to decreased mortality, length of stay, and improved clinical status of the patient. It is shown that there is a relation between increased level of serum amylase and pancreatic injury in trauma patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum amylase level in hospital outcomes of patients with abdominal blunt trauma. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey that was conducted at the emergency room of Imam Reza (AS) Medical and Educational Center in Tabriz, Iran, during a year (April 2014-April 2015) on 101 patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Serum amylase levels were measured 6 hours after injury. The outcome of patients during hospitalization including the need for laparotomy and mortality were followed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. P < 0.050 was considered significant. Results: A significant relationship between elevated serum amylase level by laparotomy and mortality was observed (P < 0.001). 15 patients had serum amylase higher than 100 U/L. All patients with abnormal serum amylase died. Conclusion: Determination of serum amylase level can be valuable in the prognosis of patients with blunt abdominal trauma, especially in determining mortality and proceed to laparotomy. However, studies with larger research community are required to investigate the precise role of amylase in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with blunt abdominal trauma.

Dynamic activity of NF-kB in multiple trauma patients and protective effects of ulinastain

To investigate the dynamic activity of NF-kappaB at the early stage of injury in multiple trauma patients and the protective effects of ulinastain. From January 2008 to May 2010, patients with multiple traumas admitted to our emergency department were enrolled in this study. Their age varied from 20-55 years. All enrolled patients were assigned randomly into control group (26 cases of multiple injury without ulinastain treatment), ulinastain group (25 cases of multiple injury with ulinastain treatment), and mild injury group (20 cases) for basic control. The inclusion criteria for mild injury group were AIS-2005 less than or equal to 3, single wound, previously healthy inhospital patients without the history of surgical intervention. In addition to routine treatment, patients in ulinastain group were intravenously injected 200 000 IU of ulinastain dissolved in 100 ml of normal saline within 12 hours after injury and subsequently injected at the interval of every 8 hours for 7 days. NF-kappaB activity in monocytes and the level of TNF-alpha,IL-1, IL-6 in serum on admission (day 0), day 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 were measured. Data were compared and analyzed between different groups. NF-kappaB activity in monocytes and TNF-alpha,IL-1 and IL-6 of these patients reached peak levels at 24 hour after trauma, with gradual decrease to normal at 72 hour after trauma. NF-kappaB activity and levels of TNF-alpha,IL-1 and IL-6 were lower in ulinastain group than control one, without any significant difference between the two groups. The mean duration for systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 7 d+/-3.1 d and 10 d+/-3.5 d in ulinastain group and control group respectively, and showed a significant difference. NF-kappaB activity in monocytes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in multiply injured patients increased transiently at the early stage of trauma. Ulinastain may shorten the duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, but does not show the ability to decrease the activity of NF-kappaB .

Demographic Study of Maxillofacial Injury in Multiple Trauma Patients

Introduction: Maxillofacial injuries may appear to be minor and small, can quickly progress and become lifethreatening and lead to brain damage. Incidence, etiology and epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries and facial fractures are different in various areas with different cultures, socio-economic states. The aim of this study is to investigate the etiology, location, and severity of damage and demography of patients with facial fractures and injuries (maxillofacial) in multiple trauma patients. Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, all of the patients with maxillofacial fractures who were admitted to Imam Reza trauma centre of Tabriz enrolled between April 2015-2016 were evaluated. All fractures were identified, and demographic information, including age, gender, type of injury, the presence or absence of safety data were collected and analysed by the IBM® SPSS® software release 16.0.0. Results: 83 patients of our study (75.9%) were male (M: F=3:1). The average age of patients was 34.1 ± 5.83 years. Most of the events took place in August (21.7%) and in summer (42.16%). The average numbers of fractures in patients were 1.73. Car collision accounts for 33.7%, falling trauma for 21.7% and car to motorcycle for 15.7% of accidents. Only 3 of the patients in the present study had the safety factors. In the study of fracture types in the target population, orbital rim fracture was in 55.42% of patients and zygoma fracture was in 34.93% of them. Le Fort fracture type II was the most common one with a frequency of 7.22%. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate further relation between maxillofacial fractures and traffic accidents especially during the holiday season and lack of safety equipment.

Nonoperative Treatment for Abdominal Injury in Multiple Trauma Patients: Experience in the Metropolitan Tertiary Hospital in Korea (2009~2014)

Nonoperative Treatment for Abdominal Injury in Multiple Trauma Patients: Experience in the Metropolitan Tertiary Hospital in Korea (2009~2014)

Surgical strategies in polytraumatized patients with femoral shaft fractures – Comparing a German and an Australian level I trauma centre

BackgroundFemoral shaft fractures are one of the most common injuries in multiple trauma patients. Due to their prognostic relevance, there is an ongoing controversial discussion as to the optimal treatment strategy in terms of Damage Control Orthopaedics (DCO) and Early Total Care (ETC). We aimed to describe the differences in fracture management and clinical outcome of multiple trauma patients with concomitant femoral shaft fractures treated at a German and an Australian level I trauma centre using the same inclusion criteria. MethodsPolytraumatized patients (ISS≥16) with a femoral shaft fracture aged≥16 years treated at a German and an Australian trauma centre between 2003 and 2007 were included. According to ETC and DCO management principles, we evaluated demographic parameters as well as posttraumatic complications and clinical outcome. ResultsSeventy-three patients were treated at the German and 134 patients at the Australian trauma centre. DCO was performed in case of increased injury severity in both hospitals. Prolonged mechanical ventilation time, and length of ICU and hospital stay were demonstrated in DCO treatment regardless of the trauma centre. No differences concerning posttraumatic complications and survival were found between both centres. Survival of patients after DCO was similar to those managed using ETC despite a greater severity of injury and lower probability of survival. There was no difference in the incidence of ARDS. DCO was, however, associated with a greatly increased length of time on mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the ICU. ConclusionWe found no differences concerning patient demographics or clinical outcomes in terms of incidence of ARDS, MODS, or mortality. As such, we propose that comparability between German and Australian trauma populations is justified. Despite a higher ISS in the DCO group, there were no differences in posttraumatic complications and survival depending on ETC or DCO treatment. Further research is required to confirm whether this is the case with other countries, too.

Epidemiology of extremity injuries in multiple trauma patients

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that distinct extremity injuries are associated with worse outcome following major trauma. The aim of the present study was to determine epidemiological data of extremity injuries in multiple trauma patients with respect to prevalence, injury pattern, specific mechanisms of injury and their impact on mortality. MethodsThe Trauma Register of the German Society for Trauma Surgery anonymously documents data on critically injured patients since 1993. Trauma cases documented between 2002 and 2009, older than 16 years of age and with an ISS≥16 were divided into those with AIS≥2 and those without a significant extremity injury. The groups were compared with respect to injury pattern, treatment characteristics and mortality. ResultsMore than half of the 24,885 patients (58.6%) had a significant extremity injury. On average patients with relevant extremity injuries sustained on average 2.1 fractures per case and 4.9% even sustained five or more extremity injuries. Fractures of the femur (16.5%), the tibia (12.6%) and the clavicle (10.4%) were the most common fractures. Patients without significant extremity injury had a significantly lower Glasgow Coma Scale at scene, a more severe brain injury and a higher 30-day- and in-hospital-mortality. In contrast, patients with significant extremity injuries had a higher rate of severe chest trauma, a higher rate of red cell blood transfusion as well a massive blood transfusion, more operative procedures and a longer ICU and in-hospital length of stay. ConclusionsMultiple injured patients with and without significant extremity injuries can be regarded as two different populations with respect to early posttraumatic course and survival. Those without extremity injury had more severe head injuries and a higher mortality. However, significant extremity injury was associated with worse outcomes including a higher number of operative procedures, a higher rate of blood transfusion and a longer hospital length of stay.

Focus on Spinal Injuries in Multiple Trauma Patients.

Focus on Spinal Injuries in Multiple Trauma Patients.

Distribution of Spinal and Associated Injuries in Multiple Trauma Patients.

Injury to the spinal column and cord are often part of life-threatening multiple trauma. Epidemiological data could help to establish an evidence-based assessment and therapy of these patients. We present a retrospective chart analysis of 590 multiple traumatized patients admitted within a 4-year-period. Patients suffering from injuries of the spinal column were analysed regarding mechanism and distribution of their injuries to all body regions. Thirty-one percent (n = 183) of polytraumatized patients displayed a spine injury. Distribution analysis showed peaks in the cervical spine and the thoraco-lumbar junction. The risk of relevant associated injuries is mainly influenced from anatomical vicinity to the injured spinal segment. Injuries to the spinal column are frequent in the multiple trauma patients population. Diagnosed injuries to distinct body regions should make the trauma team suspicious of injury to the nearby spinal column. Appropriate treatment includes thorough assessment of all injuries to clarify the damage and carry on special protection of these spinal regions preventing from deterioration.

Outcome and management of blunt liver injuries in multiple trauma patients.

In Germany, abdominal trauma in multiple- trauma patients can be observed in about 25-35% of all cases. Due to major bleeding complications, the initial treatment of blunt abdominal trauma in multiple-trauma patients has high priority. The aim of this study was to discuss management, treatment and outcome of blunt liver injury in multiple-trauma patients treated in our department. The clinical records of 1192 multiple-trauma patients [injury severity score (ISS) 3-18] treated at the Surgical Department of the University Clinic of Essen from January 1975 to February 1998 were reviewed. Seventy-five patients with an ISS above 18 operated on due to a blunt liver injury could be included. The mean age was 29.82+/-1.80 years (60 males and 15 females). The degree of injury in this group was high (ISS 37.12+/-1.06). Twenty-three of the 75 (30.6%) patients died during their hospital stay. Deceased patients were older (27+/-2 years versus 37+/-4 years; P<0.01) and had a higher ISS (ISS=34.5+/-1 versus 43.2+/-2; P<0.01). In nine cases, death was strongly related to liver injury. Operational blood loss was higher in the group of multiply injured patients with liver injury and in those patients who did not survive (P<0.05). An increased mortality could be seen in this selected patient group when compared with our large collective of multiply injured patients. The age of the patients, the ISS and operative blood loss were the significant factors that influenced the operative mortality after blunt hepatic injuries in our study.

First experience and complications with the long Gamma nail.

Treatment of proximal femoral fractures is difficult. A retrospective analysis of 92 patients treated with a custom-made extended gamma nail with a mean follow up of 4 months is presented. The early results of this new method are promising. The indications for the use of the long gamma nail were intertrochanteric fractures with extension to the subtrochanteric region, imminent and pathologic fractures of the intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric region, mostly in elderly patients, proximal femoral fractures, and combination injuries in multiple trauma patients and delayed unions. In 67 cases the patients were primarily treated with a long Gamma nail. In 25 cases the nail was used after the failure of initial treatment. Complications occurred in 32 patients; however, 88 patients were able to walk at the end of the study. The advantage of this new method is that with a closed surgical technique full weight bearing directly after the operation is achieved. The long Gamma nail provides a procedure by which most complex fractures in the proximal femur can be managed.

Urological trauma and severe associated injuries.

Our experience with 212 cases of urinary tract injury in multiple trauma patients treated between 1972 and 1983 has been analysed and compared with data collected from 441 cases of isolated urinary tract injury during the same period. The following points are emphasised: (1) incidence and severity of urological trauma in multiple injured patients; (2) obstacles in diagnosis and the need for immediate radiographic assessment; (3) lower urinary tract injuries and the need for urinary diversion; (4) differences in therapeutic approach to renal injuries in multiple trauma patients. We paid special attention to the indication for surgical exploration in patients with a renal laceration and severe associated injuries.