Injection System Of Diesel Engine Research Articles

Cavitation Phenomenon and Spray Atomization in Different Types of Diesel Engine Nozzles: A Systematic Review

<div>The high-pressure common rail fuel injection system for diesel engines is one of the core technologies that need to be addressed in the automobile industry. The control of the internal flow in multi-hole injector nozzles is the key to achieve accurate control of the fuel injection and spray process. There are various types of research on cavitation phenomena currently conducted on various types of test benches, but there is no conclusive discussion. Therefore, it is to summarize these studies in order to identify the highlights of existing studies and point out their shortcomings. This article compares and analyzes the developing patterns of cavitation phenomena on four test benches through literature review and has obtained rich research data on these four types of nozzles, but they still have their own shortcomings at the same time, even with numerical simulation. Based on this, the article has conducted a detailed and critical discussion on the current research situation and completed a summary. Specifically, it mainly involves four geometry parameters, two dynamic factors, and three fuel physical property parameters. The discussion conducted can contribute to the future development of cavitation models, further improving the energy-saving and -reducing emission reduction of diesel engines.</div>

Study of the Optimization of Rail Pressure Characteristics in the High-Pressure Common Rail Injection System for Diesel Engines Based on the Response Surface Methodology

This paper establishes a mathematical model of the high-pressure common rail injection system used in diesel engines according to the parameters of its key components, and AMESim 2020 software was used to establish a simulation model of the common rail injection system used in diesel engines. The simulation model mainly includes a high-pressure oil pump model, a common rail pipe model, and a model of four injectors. This paper also describes an experimental analysis of the accuracy of the established simulation model. Through a simulation analysis of the system rail’s pressure fluctuation and pressure characteristics, it was concluded that the length of the common rail pipe, the diameter of the common rail pipe, and the inner diameter of the high-pressure fuel pipes are important influencing parameters for the rail pressure characteristics of the system. In this study, according to the original common rail pipe and high-pressure fuel pipe model, a response surface methodology was used to optimize and analyze the parameters of the common rail pipe and high-pressure fuel pipes, and the optimal size parameters for the common rail pipe and high-pressure fuel pipes were obtained with the minimum rail pressure fluctuations and the average rail pressure setpoint. After the optimization, the pressure for the common rail pipe of the high-pressure common rail system was increased by 0.82%, the pressure fluctuation was reduced by 21.66%, the injection pressure was increased by 1.15%, the single injection volume was increased by 0.86%, and its fuel injection characteristics were significantly improved.

Dynamic Analysis of Common Rail Injection System for Diesel Engine based on AMESim/Simulink Co-Simulation

In common rail diesel engine, the characteristics of fuel injection is concerned both the structure parameters of injector and control strategy of control system (ECU). Thus, fuel injection system, engine performance system and ECU constitute an interactive feedback system. In this paper, first of all, using the AMESim/Simulink co-model for the common rail diesel engine prepared in the previous work, simulation and verification are performed in the AMESim/Simulink co-model based on the initial values of the diesel engine used in the case. Then it is done Simulation and Validation on the AMESim/Simulink co-mode. The engine dynamometer and injection rate test rig makes it possible to take measurements of the engine performance and injection rate in order to compare with the modelling results. This allows the obtained co-model to be validated. Validated model is very effective in describing and analyzing the transient behavior connections among injectors, high-pressure pump, and controller and engine parameters. This co-model was then used to analyze the effects of various structural parameters of injector on the response characteristics of the fuel injection system and engine operation.

Effect of injection system parameters on overall performance of a small diesel engine

AbstractLimited fuel capacity and pollution are major concerns in the automobile industry. The combustion, performance, and emission characteristics are important considering the engine's overall performance. In the present paper, an experimental investigation was carried out on a small diesel engine to analyze the effect of injection system parameters on all measurable characteristics. The conventional diesel engine injection system was retrofitted with a common rail diesel injection (CRDI) system. The injection system parameters such as injection pressure, start of pilot injection timing, the start of main injection timing, and quantity of fuel injection percentage during the pilot and the main injection period were considered in the study. With the use of the CRDI system, it was observed that mean effective pressure and cylinder pressure were increased compared to the conventional diesel engine. There was a decrease in the peak value of the HRR and RoPR curve and simultaneously an increase in the width of the curve. MGT inside the combustion cylinder was also decreased. The retrofitted CRDI system shows higher thermal efficiency with good fuel economy as well as found a considerable reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke percentage. Overall, the considered injection system parameters deliver a significant improvement to the overall attributes of the small diesel engine.

A Study on Water-Induced Damage Severity on Diesel Engine Injection System Using Emulsified Diesel Fuels

Diesel engine emissions contribute nearly 30% of greenhouse effects and diverse health and environmental problems. Amidst these problems, it is estimated that there will be a 75% increase in energy demand for transportation by 2040, of which diesel fuel constitutes a major source of energy for transportation. Being a major source of air pollution, efforts are currently being made to curb the pollution spread. The use of water-in-diesel (W/D)-emulsified fuels comes as a readily available (and cost-effective) option with other benefits including engine thermal efficiency, reduced costs, and NOx reduction; nonetheless, the inherent effects—power loss, component wear, corrosion, etc. still pose strong concerns. This study investigates the behavior and damage severity of a common rail (CR) diesel fuel injection system using exploratory and statistical methods under different W/D emulsion conditions and engine speeds. Results reveal that the effect of W/D emulsion fuels on engine operating conditions are reflected in the CR, which provides a reliable avenue for condition monitoring. Also, the effect of W/D emulsion on injection system components-piston, nozzle needle, and ball seat–are presented alongside related discussions.

Experimental Stand to Investigate the Injection Process in Diesel Engines

The objective of this paper is to investigate the fuel injection system in diesel engines by using inline pumps. In a diesel engines, the fuel injection pressure plays an important role in the combustion process in order to obtain high performance and low fuel consumption. The experiments in this paper are been performed on a 6 cylinder inline pump which is actioned by an electric motor with variable r.p.m.-s The quantity of the fuel injected by each injector is measured function of time and the speed of electric motor. The experiments show the degree of non-uniformity of the fuel delivered by the pump to injectors.

Prediction model of needle valve body extrusion grinding process based on PSO-SVR

The needle valve body is one of the core components of the diesel engine injection system, there is a complicated non-linear relationship between process parameters and process effects in its extrusion and grinding process, and it is difficult to establish specific mathematical expressions to describe the process rules. Therefore, this paper adopts support vector regression (SVR) establish a needle valve body extrusion grinding process model, and uses flow coefficient and grinding efficiency as dual output prediction targets. The particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) with better global search ability is introduced to optimize and improve the model. The results show that the optimized model has a smaller error between the predicted value and the actual value of the data, and the prediction accuracy is significantly improved. The model can reflect the process law of the needle valve body extrusion and grinding process to a certain extent, and it can provide certain guidance for selecting process parameters in the extrusion and grinding process.

A Study on Emulsified Fuel Conditions and the Behavior of Diesel Engine Injection System based on Data Analysis

A Study on Emulsified Fuel Conditions and the Behavior of Diesel Engine Injection System based on Data Analysis

A Statistical and Computational Predictive Model of the Direct Fuel Injection System in Diesel Engines

In recent years, the high emission standards have grown the development of different strategies focused on the reduction of pollutants produced by combustion processes in energy transfer systems. For that reason, different studies have been developed to minimize fuel consumption and elevate internal combustion performance under different operating modes. Internal combustion engines are widely studied currently by means of advanced theories of thermal and fluid mechanics sciences with the aim to improve the energy transfer processes needed to transform the chemical energy generated in work during the complex fuel combustion process into the combustion chamber. Inexpensive methods have been developed to improve the internal combustion engine performance based on the understanding of chemical reactions and physical processes of mass and energy transfer. Mathematical and experimental models are employed to approximate the real working conditions, the physical phenomenon of the fuel flow injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, this paper proposes a predictive model that relates the fuel injection system with the combustion process and the heat transfer into the walls of the combustion chamber. External forces are considered during the internal combustion engine operation under real working conditions taking into account the dependent variables of the partial differential equations system that describes the internal combustion engine performance. A good agreement was reached between the experimental and predictive approaches. The results showed an error rate of less than 3 percent, considering a multiple linear regression model adjusted to the characterized internal combustion engine.

Performance of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with common rail fuel injection

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is a newly introduced technology. However, controlling the HCCI timing of ignition and theheat release rate, at all operating regimes, present the biggest challenge due to the complicated and highly coupled combustion problems. The successful implementation of the common rail injection system in diesel engines has made this possible. The main key for this success is the capability to optimize the most important fuel injection parameters, namely timing, rate, and duration.This work experimentally investigates the performance of an HCCI Diesel engine with a Common Rail Direct Injection (DI) fuel system. The engine used is a turbocharged 2776 cc, 4-stroke, 4-cylinder, water-cooled with overhead valve mechanism. The engine performance is evaluated and presented at different loads and speeds. The Apparent Heat Release Rate during combustion is evaluated from the measured cylinder pressure-crank angle data. The pressure in the fuel line is measured at the entry to different fuel injectors to investigate the effect of pressure wave propagation in the fuel line on the fuel injection system.

Modelling and Simulation Analysis of High-Pressure Common Rail and Electronic Controlled Injection System for Diesel Engine

Abstract The electronically controlled fuel injection system of the diesel engine has multi-disciplinary characteristics and strong coupling. The programming method based on a mathematical model cannot be applied to the fuel system with a diversified structure arrangement. With the rapid development of hydrodynamics, more and more simulation software is applied in the actual research. Hydsim simulation platform is one of the best software for the simulation of the electronic control injection system. In this paper, the Hydsim simulation platform is used to simulate the electronic control injection system, and a test-bed for verification is built. Based on the experimental results, the injection characteristics of high-pressure common rail are studied. The validity and accuracy of the simulation model are verified by comparing the simulation value with the test value and the standard value. Finally, the influence of the structural parameters such as the inlet and outlet orifices and control pistons of the injection system on the injection characteristics is analysed, and the selection principle of each parameter in the system design is proposed, which provides a reliable basis for the structural optimisation.

Research the Possibility of Obtaining Diagnostic Information about the Ships Engine Fuel Injection System Condition based on the Analysis of Characteristics of Heat Release

Abstract Marine engines are very complex technical objects, having many important functional systems, which include, inter alia, injection system, characterized by high unreliability. In this system, there may be different types of defects (damage) that affect the engine parameters, including specific fuel consumption, as well as failures endanger the safety of the ship. The indicator diagrams and analysis of indicated parameters have limited utility in the diagnosis of damages of marine engine, although this is a method commonly used in operational practice. To achieve greater diagnostic effectiveness, when, based on indicator diagrams, are calculated and then the characteristics of heat release is analysed - net of heat release characteristics and the intensity of the heat release, it was demonstrated. This procedure is particularly effective in the diagnosis of damages of marine diesel engine injection system components. It has been shown that the characteristics of heat release contain information about the condition of the injection systems, which enable to diagnose their failures. This is shown on the example of a clogged nozzle holes (their carbonizations). The obtained results allowed selecting the diagnosis symptoms, useful in detecting these faults in the injection system, from the characteristics of heat release: net heat release (Q) and intensity of heat release (q). The object of the research was typical marine medium speed engine Sulzer A25/30.

Experimental investigation and modeling of thermophysical properties of ethyl decanoate at high temperatures

The use of ethyl decanoate combined with conventional diesel or biodiesel could be economically attractive. Thermophysical properties of ethyl decanoate at high temperatures can be an essential guidance for the structural design and optimization of the fuel injection system in diesel engine. The measurements of the speed of sound and the thermal diffusivity of ethyl decanoate (EeC10: 0) were carried out by the light scattering method, which are along five isobaric lines from (0.1–10) MPa at the temperatures (300.71–562.07) K and (295.34–565.49) K, respectively. The expanded relative uncertainties (k = 2) of the measurement systems are estimated to be 1.2% for speed of sound and 2.4% for thermal diffusivity. The thermal conductivities of ethyl decanoate at pressures up to 10 MPa and in the temperature range (303–363) K are derived, which agree well with literature values finding an AAD of 0.81%. The pρT dependences of the thermal conductivity are analyzed based on the vibrational theory. The results obtained show that the higher density of biofuels leads to smaller distances between oscillating molecules, of which the collision probability and intermolecular energy transport are enhanced. The consistent behaviors of biofuels that higher density leads to higher conductivity, and the dependence of the thermal conductivity on density becomes smaller with temperature increase are verified.

Numerical Simulation of Pressure Fluctuation in High-pressure Common-rail Fuel Injection System

In the past several years, the global diesel engine technology has made significant breakthroughs. The diesel engine has a good economy and power. In 20 years or so, the number of diesel vehicles will exceed the trend of gasoline engines. Diesel engine technology is also developing towards low pollution, low fuel consumption, and high power. To improve the performance of diesel engines, the key is to improve the conversion rate of internal energy to mechanical energy and combustion degrees. In the fuel injection system of diesel engines, a high-pressure common-rail with a large volume is often added between the plunger high-pressure fuel pump and the injector. Its function is to save fuel from the plunger fuel pump, to suppress the fluctuation of oil pressure, and to output high-pressure fuel by adjusting the characteristic parameters of the injector. Firstly, the physical model and mathematical model have been established, including the plunger pump, the high-pressure common rail, and the injector. After that, we use the modified Euler method to solve ordinary differential equations by MATLAB programming. Finally, the Optimized working strategies of plunger pump to inject diesel oil into high-pressure common rail have been obtained. In this high-pressure common rail system, cam of the plunger pump spin 1225.67 times a minute, and pressure relief valve is opened automatically when the pressure in high-pressure common-rail is over 103 MPa, so that the pressure in high-pressure common-rail is approximately stable at 100 MPa, and the fluctuation is small.

A virtual injection sensor by means of time frequency analysis

Abstract A time frequency analysis has been applied to an experimental pressure signal that is measured along a high-pressure pipe that connects the rail to an injector in a fuel injection system for diesel engines. An experimental test campaign has been carried out at a high-performance hydraulic rig for Common Rail systems. The variations in the mean instantaneous frequency, which is calculated from a spectrogram of the experimental injector inlet pressure time histories, are related to key events pertaining to the injection phase. The physical meaning of these variations in the mean instantaneous frequency is identified through a comparison with the outcomes of a numerical simulation using a previously developed one-dimensional model of the injection system. This tool allows the lift of the mobile valves, the instantaneous injected flow-rate and the pressure transients inside the injector to be predicted accurately. The objective of the research has been to realize a virtual sensor to detect the opening and closure instants of the mobile valves within the injector, on the basis of the pattern of the mean instantaneous frequency trace. The realized virtual sensor has been applied to the analysis of both single and multiple injection events.

Palm H-FAME Production through Partially Hydrogenation using Nickel/Carbon Catalyst to Increase Oxidation Stability

One of the methods to improve the oxidation stability of palm biodiesel is through partially hydrogenation. The production using Nickel/Carbon catalyst to speed up the reaction rate. Product is called Palm H-FAME (Hydrogenated FAME). Partial hydrogenation breaks the unsaturated bond on FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester), which is a key component of the determination of oxidative properties. Changes in FAME composition by partial hydrogenation are predicted to change the oxidation stability so it does not cause deposits that can damage the injection system of diesel engine, pump system, and storage tank. Partial hydrogenation is carried out under operating conditions of 120 °C and 6 bar with 100:1, 100:3, 100:5, 100:10 % wt catalyst in the stirred batch autoclave reactor. H-FAME synthesis with 100:5 % wt Ni/C catalyst can decrease the iodine number which is the empirical measure of the number of unsaturated bonds from 91.78 to 82.38 (g-I2/100 g) with an increase of oxidation stability from 585 to 602 minutes.

Injection systems in diesel engines and their theoretical-experimental study: a review

Injection systems in diesel engines and their theoretical-experimental study: a review

Synthesis of kemiri sunan (reutealis trisperma (blanco) airy shaw) H-FAME through partially hydrogenation using Ni/C catalyst to increase oxidation stability

Hydrogenated FAME (H-FAME) synthesis of Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis Trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) using Nickel/Carbon catalyst is one of the methods to improve the oxidation stability of Kemiri Sunan biodiesel. The partial hydrogenation reaction breaks the unsaturated bond on FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester), which is a key component of the determination of oxidative properties. Changes in FAME composition by partial hydrogenation reaction are predicted to change the oxidation stability, so it does not cause deposits that can damage the diesel engine injection system, pump system, and storage tank. Partial hydrogenation reaction is under conditions of 120 °C and 6 bars with 100:1, 100:5, 100:10 % wt catalyst in the stirred semi-batch autoclave reactor. H-FAME synthesis with 100:5 % wt Ni/C catalyst can decrease the iodine number which is the empirical measure of the number of unsaturated bonds from 166.77 to 155.64 (g-I2/100 g) with an increase of oxidation stability from 650 to 665 minutes.

Investigation of Main Injection Quantity Fluctuation due to Pilot Injection in High Pressure Common Rail Fuel Injection System

abstract High pressure common rail (HPCR) fuel injection system is the main development trend for fuel injection system of diesel engine. Precise controlling of injection pressure and multiple injections are the advantages and key features of the HPCR system. Affect of pilot injection quantity (PIQ) and pilot-main interval (PMI) on main injection quantity fluctuation (MIQF) has been investigated in this paper by evaluating performance coherence and stability of injection quantity of diesel engine. A numerical model of HPCR system has been development in AMESim environment. Predicting accuracy of the numerical model has been validated by comparing its results with experimental data. The results show that the pilot injection triggers pressure cyclical fluctuation in the electro-injection delivery chamber and gives rise to MIQF. Amplitude of MIQF decreases with increase of PMI and increase with increase of PIQ. Moreover, variation of PIQ has also influence on both the amplitude and the phase of MIQF. Influence of MIQ on amplitude of MIQF depends on how many pressure fluctuation cycles have been incorporated in the main injection.

Thermophysical properties of rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) at high pressures and various temperatures evaluated by ultrasonic methods

Investigation of the high-pressure thermophysical properties of biofuels, e.g., bulk modulus, surface tension, and viscosity is of paramount importance in fuel injection systems in diesel engines. Another crucial and dangerous phenomenon that may occur in biofuels at high pressures is phase transition (solidification), which can drastically increase the viscosity of the biofuel. This effect may hamper proper operation of the engine, especially under cold-start conditions. Unfortunately, the availability of high-pressure thermophysical properties of biofuels is still limited. The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of high pressures on thermophysical properties of biofuels on the example of rapeseed fatty acid methyl esters (RME) in a wide range of pressures (0.1to250MPa) and temperatures (5to20°C). To this end we employed innovative ultrasonic techniques, i.e., the Bleustein-Gulyaev surface acoustic waves for measuring RME viscosity, and ultrasonic bulk compressional waves for measuring sound velocity in RME and consequently evaluating RME thermophysical parameters, e.g., bulk modulus and surface tension. The viscosity of the measured RME displayed an abrupt increase at pressures: 260 MPa (t=20°C), 230 MPa (t=15°C), 190 MPa (t=10°C), and 130 MPa (t=5°C). Evidently it was a signature of the phase transition (solidification) occurring in the RME. The discovered high viscosity high-pressure phase in RME can be very detrimental for operation of modern common rail Diesel engines. Therefore, the results of research presented in this paper should be interesting for engineers and designers working with modern common rail Diesel engines using biofuels.