Injection System Research Articles

Enhancement of the precooling system performance for aviation engines by volatile liquid injection

Water injection precooling in aviation engines is a promising technique that can enhance performance, improve efficiency, and reduce emissions, especially at high altitudes and Mach numbers. However, its implementation in aviation engines requires careful engineering and design considerations due to the restricted space available for installation and operation, as well as the challenges posed by high inlet air velocities. Therefore, the present study experimentally and numerically evaluates the effectiveness of spray precooling for jet engines and introduces novel insights into optimizing droplet dynamics and nozzle configurations in short, narrow spray ducts under high inlet air temperature and velocity. The impact of water spray cooling on the uniformity of inlet air is also investigated for nonuniform air temperature conditions, which has yet to be mentioned in previous research. An experimental configuration has been devised and implemented to investigate water injection precooling within a rectangular spray duct. The evaporative cooling process through the spray duct and the injected droplet trajectories were predicted using an Eulerian-Lagrangian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The CFD model was verified using the present experiments, and there is a strong correlation between the experimental data and simulation findings, with an average discrepancy of less than 7%. The effectiveness of the water injection system is investigated at different operating parameters such as nozzle arrangements, coolant type, droplet size, and variable velocities. The results showed that sprays characterized by small mean diameters and high initial droplet velocity significantly enhance spray cooling performance. Changing the nozzle configurations impacts spray cooling performance considerably, with the cross-outside case providing the best results. Notwithstanding its advantageous evaporation rate, introducing methanol via injection does not yield significant enhancements. Water injection is crucial in achieving a more homogeneous temperature distribution by reducing temperature disparities and promoting mixing and evaporation.

Experimental environment for testing the shattered pellet injection of KSTAR

The dual shattered pellet injection (SPI) systems installed at the KSTAR (Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) have been operational since 2019 to conduct disruption mitigation studies in support of ITER DMS (Disruption Mitigation System) design activities. The system has the advantage of firing pellets simultaneously from the two identical pellet injectors installed at 180-degree opposite positions on KSTAR. Each injector is capable of fabricating and firing three pellets of different sizes (diameter, length). The characteristics of the initial pellet (geometry, velocity, etc.) can be verified using a microwave cavity (MWC) system and an imaging optical pellet diagnostics (OPD) system.Each SPI system must achieve specific conditions related to pellet fabrication and firing prior to plasma experiments. We realized that we didn't have the sufficient time and conditions to do off-line testing in 2022, so we have developed a suitable solution. First, we have to disconnect the SPI system from the KSTAR vacuum vessel and build a separate test chamber in the injection line. Inside the new test chamber, we have to install the same shatter tube used in the current experiments and equip it with measuring devices to observe the fragmented pellets. We also have to switch the fabrication process of the pellets from manual to semi-automatic using a feedback pressure controller on the barrel pressure. In this paper, we will describe the new experimental environment for independent SPI testing and the future plan.

The role of annular 2-lobe nozzle in a strut injection system on the mechanism of fuel distribution at a scramjet engine

The strut injection system is a conventional technique for the injection of the fuel in combustor in hypersonic vehicles. The present article investigates the usage of the annular 2-lobe injector to improve the fuel jet behind the strut. Computational studies have been employed for the modeling of fuel jets released from 2-lobe injectors at the supersonic free stream of the combustion chamber. Simulation of the compressible flow is done by solving Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the turbulence model of SST. The roles of the proposed injection configuration on the flow and fuel jet penetration are disclosed in this work. The shape of fuel jet plume behind the injector is also investigated to explain the mechanism of fuel jet distribution in this technique. Presented data disclosed that the usage of the annular 2-lobe nozzle instead of a single circular jet improves fuel mixing by about 50 % behind the strut model.

Pleiotropic effects of nitric oxide sustained-release system for peripheral nerve repair

The regenerative microenvironment after peripheral nerve injury is imbalanced and difficult to rebalance, which is mainly affected by inflammation, oxidative stress, and inadequate blood supply. The difficulty in remodeling the nerve regeneration microenvironment is the main reason for slow nerve regeneration. Traditional drug treatments have certain limitations, such as difficulty in penetrating the blood-nerve barrier and lack of pleiotropic effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build multifunctional nerve grafts that can effectively regulate the regenerative microenvironment and promote nerve regeneration. Nitric oxide (NO), a highly effective gas transmitter with diatomic radicals, is an important regulator of axonal growth and migration, synaptic plasticity, proliferation of neural precursor cells, and neuronal survival. Moreover, NO provides potential anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and blood vessel promotion applications. However, excess NO may cause cell death and neuroinflammatory cell damage. The prerequisite for NO treatment of peripheral nerve injury is that it is gradually released over time. In this study, we constructed an injectable NO slow-release system with two main components, including macromolecular NO donor nanoparticles (mPEG-P(MSNO-EG) nanoparticles, NO-NPs) and a carrier for the nanoparticles, mPEG-PA-PP injectable temperature-sensitive hydrogel. Due to the multiple physiological regulation of NO and better physiological barrier penetration, the conduit effectively regulates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of damaged peripheral nerves, promotes nerve vascularization, and nerve regeneration and docking, accelerating the nerve regeneration process. Statement of significanceThe slow regeneration speed of peripheral nerves is mainly due to the destruction of the regeneration microenvironment. Neural conduits with drug delivery capabilities have the potential to improve the microenvironment of nerve regeneration. However, traditional drugs are hindered by the blood nerve barrier and cannot effectively target the injured area. NO, an endogenous gas signaling molecule, can freely cross the blood nerve barrier and act on target cells. However, excessive NO can lead to cell apoptosis. In this study, a NO sustained-release system was constructed to regulate the microenvironment of nerve regeneration through various pathways and promote nerve regeneration.

The Bayu-Undan liquid CO2 import facilities – finding an effective solution

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely considered to be one of the key enablers to decarbonising the economy. It is currently being implemented in a number of projects in gas, power, chemicals, cement, steel, and other industries. In the Asia–Pacific region, shipping of liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) is widely seen as a key component of the CCS value chain. Shipping allows the emitters located in the industrial centres of Japan, Korea, and Singapore to access distant CO2 storage locations. The repurposing of the Bayu-Undan (BU) platforms and pipeline from gas production to CO2 injection presents a regional opportunity for the disposal of shipped CO2. Multiple LCO2 development concepts were assessed for unloading and storing the imported LCO2. Unloading can be carrier-to-shore, carrier-to-ship/barge, or carrier-to-platform; storage can be onshore, nearshore, offshore or no buffer storage at all with direct injection from carriers. These concepts required evaluation for technical functionality, maturity, complexity, operability, and availability. Imported LCO2 is too cold and low pressure to be transported or injected at the carrier transport conditions. The pressure needs to be boosted and temperature increased to meet the requirements of the injection system. This requires sources of power and heat. An evaluation of existing facilities, their condition, available space and spare capacity, and their constructability considerations revealed important opportunities and constraints. A study was carried out, which evaluated options for the BU LCO2 import using key evaluation criteria to select the most appropriate concept. This paper explores addressing the challenges involved.

The behavior of pyrite during in-situ leaching of uranium by CO2 + O2: A case study of the Qianjiadian uranium deposit in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China

Oxidative weathering of pyrite, a widespread iron sulfide mineral, is crucial for the uranium mineralization in sandstone-hosted uranium deposits and the ore utilization leaching under manual intervention. To understand the behavior of pyrite under CO2 + O2 leaching conditions in sandstone-hosted uranium deposits, samples of uranium ore from the mineralized zone of the Qianjiadian IV uranium deposit located in the lower section of the Yaojia Formation were collected for this study. The stirring leaching experiment was carried out through the processes of the pyrite-bearing uranium ore samples thinned before and after the reaction, followed by an optical microscopic study and the TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer analysis, and finally, the thermodynamic simulation by making use of PHREEQC3.0.The results revealed the following: (1) The dissolution particles of pyrite become smaller, which may increase the porosity of the ore layer and the exposure ratio of uranium minerals. And more soluble pyrite with a high free surface will be more competitive with uranium minerals for the consumption of O2. (2) The ion (Fe2+) produced by the dissolution of pyrite will be oxidized to Fe3+ by excess O2 (4 mol), which provides an oxidant for the oxidation of uranium minerals, and the generated SO42- will combine with the Ca2+ released from calcite to form a permanent precipitate of gypsum, which may block pores and cover the uranium ore. (3) Pyrite and calcite will consume O2 and CO2 in the injection system, thus jointly inhibiting the leaching of uranium minerals. After the injection of excessive CO2 and O2, the concentration of Ca2+, SO42-, Fe3+, UO22+, and HCO3– in the system will continue to accumulate, resulting in the secondary precipitation of calcite, co-precipitation of gypsum, iron minerals, colloids, and hexavalent uranium minerals, resulting in plugging pores and seriously affecting the effective leaching of uranium.This study contributes to the understanding of the behavior of pyrite during uranium recovery through CO2 + O2 leaching. It also contributes to the understanding of quantitative uranium mineralization in sandstone-hosted uranium deposits and process parameters in in-situ leaching (ISL) of uranium.

Quercetin-Loaded Bioglass Injectable Hydrogel Promotes m6A Alteration of Per1 to Alleviate Oxidative Stress for Periodontal Bone Defects.

Periodontal disease ranks third among noncommunicable illnesses, behind cancer and cardiovascular disease, and is closely related to the occurrence and progression of various systemic diseases. However, elucidating the processes of periodontal disease and promoting periodontal bone regeneration remains a challenge. Here, quercetin is demonstrated to reduce the oxidative stress state of orofacial mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) in vitro and to affect the osteogenic growth of OMSCs through molecular mechanisms that mediate the m6A change in Per1. Nevertheless, the limited therapeutic efficacy of systemic medication and the limitations of local medication resulting from the small, moist, and highly dynamic periodontal environment make it challenging to treat periodontal tissues with medication. Herein, a biosafe injectable hydrogel drug-controlled delivery system is constructed as a bone-enhancing factory and loaded with quercetin to treat oxidative stress injury in periodontal tissues. This drug-carrying system made up of nanoscale bioglass microspheres and a light-cured injectable hydrogel, allows effective drug particle loading and cementation in the dynamic and moist periodontal environment. Furthermore, the system demonstrates the ability to stimulate OMSCs osteogenic differentiation in a Per1-dependent manner, which ultimately promotes periodontal bone repair, suggesting that this system has potential for clinical periodontal therapy.

Magnetron sputtering thruster operated with a compact gas feeding system using double pulsed valves

A continuous injection of gaseous water propellant into a magnetron-type sputtering propulsion device is performed in a pseudo manner by using a combination of two high-speed solenoid-type pulsed valves and a low-pressure gas reservoir . The gas injection system provides a temporally averaged gas flow rate of about 5–10 sccm with adjustment of the repetition frequencies of the pulsed valves, while the previously used single valve system attached to a liquid water tank has caused excessive gas injection. A discharge is sustained by a high voltage dc power supply; the discharge current has pulsation synchronized with the pulsed valve repetition. A temporally averaged force induced by the magnetron sputtering thruster and exerted on a pendulum plate downstream of the thruster is measured; the results are in good agreement with the previously reported force measurement under precisely controlled gas flow rate using a commercial mass flow controller. Therefore, the precise control of the gaseous water propellant with the compact gas feeding system is achieved, while maintaining a similar thruster performance to that with the mass flow controller.

Flow injection system design for the determination of brown bismarck dye

This study presents a low-cost flow injection system for estimating Bismarck brown dye, addressing the need for economical and efficient dye concentration measurement methods. The system's design and optimization process are detailed, focusing on parameters like carrier solution speed, dye model size, frequency, and dilution coefficient. Results show optimal conditions for accurate estimations, with the system outperforming traditional color methods in terms of sensitivity and measurement range. This novel approach offers a practical solution for various analytical applications requiring precise dye concentration assessments, with implications for cost-effective chemical analysis in diverse fields. Highlight: Low-cost flow system for Bismarck brown dye. Optimized for accuracy in dye concentration measurement. Practical and efficient for various analytical applications. Keyword: flow injection system, Bismarck brown dye, low-cost, optimization, dye concentration measurement

Cisplatin-activated and hemoglobin-mediated injectable hydrogel system for antitumor chemodynamic and chemotherapy

Low specificity and hypoxia-induced drug resistance are significant challenges in traditional cancer treatment. To enhance the anticancer efficacy, an injectable hydrogel system is developed through the formation of dynamic covalent bonds in hyaluronic acid, allowing for localized controlled release of drugs. This system also utilizes double-stranded DNA sequences for the intercalation delivery of the chemotherapeutic drug, enabling a multifaceted approach to therapy. Cisplatin not only serves as a chemotherapy drug but also acts as a catalyst for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) to initiate CDT cascades by creating hydrogen peroxide for the Fenton reaction. Hemoglobin, enclosed in PLGA nanoparticles, provides ferrous ions that react with hydrogen peroxide in an acidic environment, yielding hydroxyl radicals that induce cancer cell death. Additionally, oxygen released from hemoglobin mitigates hypoxia-induced chemoresistance, bolstering overall anticancer efficacy. Results demonstrate the shear-thinning properties and injectability of the hydrogel. Cisplatin elevates intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels in tumor cells, while hemoglobin efficiently releases ferrous ions and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In in vitro and in vivo study, the combinational use of chemo- and chemodynamic therapies achieves a synergistic anticancer effect on combating glioblastoma. In summary, our CDT-based hydrogel, activated by endogenous cues and mediated by chemo drugs, spontaneously produces ROS and ameliorates the adverse tumor microenvironment with rational and selective antitumor strategies.

Development and Characterization of Heparin-Containing Hydrogel/3D-Printed Scaffold Composites for Craniofacial Reconstruction.

Regeneration of cartilage and bone tissues remains challenging in tissue engineering due to their complex structures, and the need for both mechanical support and delivery of biological repair stimuli. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a composite scaffold platform for anatomic chondral and osteochondral repair using heparin-based hydrogels to deliver small molecules within 3D-printed porous scaffolds that provide structure, stiffness, and controlled biologic delivery. We designed a mold-injection system to combine hydrolytically degradable hydrogels and 3D-printed scaffolds that could be employed rapidly (<30min) in operating room settings (~23°C). Micro-CT analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of our injection system through homogeneously distributed hydrogel within the pores of the scaffolds. Hydrogels and composite scaffolds exhibited efficient loading (~94%) of a small positively charged heparin-binding molecule (crystal violet) with sustained release over 14days and showed high viability of encapsulated porcine chondrocytes over 7days. Compression testing demonstrated nonlinear viscoelastic behavior where tangent stiffness decreased with scaffold porosity (porous scaffold tangent stiffness: 70%: 4.9MPa, 80%: 1.5MPa, and 90%: 0.20MPa) but relaxation was not affected. Lower-porosity scaffolds (70%) showed stiffness similar to lower ranges of trabecular bone (4-8MPa) while higher-porosity scaffolds (80% and 90%) showed stiffness similar to auricular cartilage (0.16-2MPa). Ultimately, this rapid composite scaffold fabrication method may be employed in the operating room and utilized to control biologic delivery within load-bearing scaffolds.

Evaluation of a needle-free injection system for administration of cloprostenol for luteolysis in lactating dairy cows

Luteolytic drugs are critical for managing reproductive success in dairy cows. Currently prostaglandin analogs are only ap­proved for intramuscular injection. The utilization of a needle and syringe for administration of any drug can result in needle-stick injuries to workers. Furthermore, needle-free injection systems have been shown to eliminate transmission of blood­borne pathogens, such as anaplasmosis, in cattle. Data on the efficacy of needle-free injection systems and their application in an estrous synchronization protocol has not been reported. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effective­ness of utilizing a needle-free injection system (Pulse Needle­Free Systems, Lenexa, KS) for the intramuscular delivery of clo­prostenol (Estrumate®, Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ) for the purpose of estrous synchronization in lactating dairy cows.

ECM-mimetic, NSAIDs loaded thermo-responsive, immunomodulatory hydrogel for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, and it leads to irreversible inflammation in intra-articular joints. Current treatment approaches for RA include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), corticosteroids, and biological agents. To overcome the drug-associated toxicity of conventional therapy and transdermal tissue barrier, an injectable NSAID-loaded hydrogel system was developed and explored its efficacy.ResultsThe surface morphology and porosity of the hydrogels indicate that they mimic the natural ECM, which is greatly beneficial for tissue healing. Further, NSAIDs, i.e., diclofenac sodium, were loaded into the hydrogel, and the in vitro drug release pattern was found to be burst release for 24 h and subsequently sustainable release of 50% drug up to 10 days. The DPPH assay revealed that the hydrogels have good radical scavenging activity. The biocompatibility study carried out by MTT assay proved good biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydrogels was carried out by gene expression study in RAW 264.7 cells, which indicate the downregulation of several key inflammatory genes such as COX-2, TNF-α & 18s.ConclusionIn summary, the proposed ECM-mimetic, thermo-sensitive in situ hydrogels may be utilized for intra-articular inflammation modulation and can be beneficial by reducing the frequency of medication and providing optimum lubrication at intra-articular joints.Graphical

Engineering design and manufacturing of a radio frequency plasma driver without Faraday shield for NBI application

A radio frequency (RF) driven ion source is favorable for high-power and long-pulse neutral beam injection (NBI) system. To reduce the damage caused by the isotropic heat and particle fluxes from the plasma, the traditional RF plasma driver of the NBI ion source introduces a Faraday shield (FS) for protection. However, the simulations and experiments show that the FS seriously affects the RF coupling and around 50 % of the input power deposits on the FS. The water-cooled discharge tubes with a double-layer ceramic structure have been developed to avoid using the FS structure. It's expected to improve the RF power transfer efficiency and to promote the development of high-power and long-pulse RF ion source. To verify the feasibility of the double-layer ceramic structure, the paper has carried out the fluid-thermal-structural coupling analysis and the fracture mechanical analysis on two proposed types: the alumina ceramic brazing structure and the silicon nitride ceramic bonding structure. The sample tests and the prototype manufacturing have been completed. Preliminary tests of the plasma discharge on the prototype of the alumina ceramic brazing structure have been launched. A plasma discharge of 30 kW and 20 s have been achieved.

Research on secure communication technology based on phase conjugate feedback chaotic injection system

This paper presents an experimental scheme using optical method instead of phase conjugate light. We have implemented a phase conjugate feedback semiconductor laser chaotic system based on the four-wave mixing principle through an established optical fiber experimental platform. Based on the high-dimensional wideband chaotic signals generated by this system, we propose a two-channel secure communication scheme based on phase conjugate feedback, and analyze its delay hiding mechanism and synchronization characteristics. The effects of parameter mismatch and injection strength on synchronization performance and communication quality are also considered. Our experimental results show that by adjusting the injection strength and frequency detuning parameters, the system can produce signals with time-delay signature completely suppressed, thus achieving high-quality and high-security communications.

NOE analysis using dual injection DNP‐NMR for studies of solvent–solute interactions at low concentrations

AbstractDynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) offers significant signal enhancement compared to conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in measuring the nuclear Overhauser effect. Owing to this enhancement, DNP enables the quantitative analysis of solvent–solute interactions, which are typically challenging to assess using standard NMR techniques. However, current experimental setups generally require the use of samples with relatively high solute concentrations because of large dilution factors. This limits the studies on solvent–solute interactions for bio‐related molecules, particularly those with low solubility. In such cases, the concentration of solute post‐dilution often falls below the detection limits. Herein, we introduce a novel dual injection system designed to considerably increase the dilution factor, thereby enabling the use of samples with lower solute concentrations while maintaining detectable signal levels. The effectiveness of this system was demonstrated in experiments using trifluoroacetic acid at concentrations 50 times lower than those used in the conventional method.

An amperometric high-temperature ammonia sensor based on a BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ triple conductor

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) utilizing urea hydrolysis to generate ammonia (NH3) is the most efficient technology to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx). NH3 detection is crucial in the closed-loop feedback system for the precise urea injection. In this work, a high-temperature NH3 sensor using a BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ (BZY) proton conductor as the electrolyte and a BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ (BCFZY) H+/e–/O2– triple conductor as the sensing electrode (SE) is reported. The effect of the micromorphology of the BCFZY SE on the sensing performance is investigated by varying the sintering temperature of SE. The sensor shows high sensitivity to NH3 with response currents of 0.39, 1.31, 3.03, and 1.81 μA/ppm at 350, 400, 450, and 500 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor shows excellent selectivity and repeatability. This work demonstrates that the BCFZY-based sensor has great potential for the high-temperature NH3 detection.

Synthesis and thermally-induced gelation of interpenetrating nanogels

Thermally-induced in-situ gelation of polymers and nanogels is of significant importance for injectable non-invasive tissue engineering and delivery systems of drug delivery system. In this study, we for the first time demonstrated that the interpenetrating (IPN) nanogel with two networks of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly (N-Acryloyl-l-phenylalanine) (PAphe) underwent a reversible temperature-triggered sol-gel transition and formed a structural color gel above the phase transition temperature (Tp). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies confirmed that the Tp of IPN nanogels are the same as that of PNIPAM, independent of Aphe content of the IPN nanogels at pH of 6.5 ∼ 7.4. The rheological and optical properties of IPN nanogels during sol-gel transition were studied by rheometer and optical fiber spectroscopy. The results showed that the gelation time of the hydrogel photonic crystals assembled by IPN nanogel was affected by temperature, PAphe composition, concentration, and sequence of interpenetration. As the temperature rose above the Tp, the Bragg reflection peak of IPN nanogels exhibited blue shift due to the shrinkage of IPN nanogels. In addition, these colored IPN nanogels demonstrated good injectability and had no obvious cytotoxicity. These IPN nanogels will open an avenue to the preparation and thermally-induced in-situ gelation of novel NIPAM-based nanogel system.

Development and Evaluation of a Water-Free In Situ Depot Gel Formulation for Long-Acting and Stable Delivery of Peptide Drug ACTY116.

In situ depot gel is a type of polymeric long-acting injectable (pLAI) drug delivery system; compared to microsphere technology, its preparation process is simpler and more conducive to industrialization. To ensure the chemical stability of peptide ACTY116, we avoided the use of harsh conditions such as high temperatures, high shear mixing, or homogenization; maintaining a water-free and oxygen-free environment was also critical to prevent hydrolysis and oxidation. Molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations were employed to assess the stability mechanism between ACTY116 and the pLAI system. The initial structure of ACTY116 with an alpha helix conformation was constructed using SYBYL-X, and the copolymer PLGA was generated by AMBER 16; results showed that PLGA-based in situ depot gel improved conformational stability of ACTY116 through hydrogen bonds formed between peptide ACTY116 and the components of the pLAI formulation, while PLGA (Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)) also created steric hindrance and shielding effects to prevent conformational changes. As a result, the chemical and conformational stability and in vivo long-acting characteristics of ACTY116 ensure its enhanced efficacy. In summary, we successfully achieved our objective of developing a highly stable peptide-loaded long-acting injectable (LAI) in situ depot gel formulation that is stable for at least 3 months under harsh conditions (40 °C, above body temperature), elucidating the underlying stabilisation mechanism, and the high stability of the ACTY116 pLAI formulation creates favourable conditions for its in vivo pharmacological activity lasting for weeks or even months.

Deep reinforcement learning for artificial upwelling energy management

The potential of artificial upwelling in stimulating seaweed growth, consequently enhancing ocean carbon sequestration has been gaining increasing attention in recent years. This has led to the development of the first solar-powered and air-lifted artificial upwelling system (AUS) in China. However, effective scheduling of the air injection system and energy storage system in dynamic marine environments remains a crucial challenge in the operation of the AUS, as it holds the potential to significantly improve system performance. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel energy management approach that utilizes the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm to determine the optimal operational parameters of the AUS at each time interval. Specifically, we formulate the energy optimization problem as a Markov decision process and integrate the quantile network in distributional reinforcement learning with the deep dueling network to solve the problem. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate the performance of our algorithm and demonstrate its superior effectiveness over traditional rule-based approaches and other DRL algorithms in enhancing energy utilization while ensuring the secure and reliable operation of the AUS. Our findings suggest that a DRL-based approach offers a promising way to provide valuable guides for the operation of the AUS and enhance the sustainability of seaweed cultivation and carbon sequestration in the ocean.