Oxygen Injection Research Articles

Oxygen injection during fast vs slow passivation in aqueous solution

The typical defect reactions at the metal/oxide interface, which explain the growth and breakdown of passive oxide films in corrosion, include creating metal and oxygen vacancies. While the creation and coalescence of metal vacancies are well documented, there are relatively few observations on the nanoscale details of oxygen transport near the metal/oxide interface. We report here a new mechanism of oxygen injection into the metal. Fast and slow passivation (i.e., corrosion involving both oxide film growth and direct dissolution) of NiCr and NiCrMo alloys was performed by galvanostat experiments in 0.1 M NaCl (pH 4) deaerated solution. Localized regions of an unexpected nonequilibrium metal-based oxygen solid solution were observed beneath the outer (externally formed) oxides, and the saturated oxygen atoms distorted the fcc metallic lattices. Oxygen injection into the metal is more significant at a fast growth rate due to a large passivation current density for the NiCr alloy. In this case, there is a high volume of rock salt Ni(Cr)O nanocrystals in the O-rich Ni(Cr) substrate, which is consistent with greater susceptibility to chloride-induced breakdown found in potentiostat experiments. The addition of Mo promotes the formation of the corundum phase in the outer oxide layer for NiCrMo, which changes the transport mechanism as well as the diffusivity of oxygen through the oxide film and across the metal/oxide interface.

Tuning the Optical Properties of WO3 Films Exhibiting a Zigzag Columnar Microstructure

Tungsten oxide WO3 thin films are deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The Reactive Gas Pulsing Process (RGPP) associated with the GLancing Angle Deposition method (GLAD) are implemented to produce zigzag columnar structures. The oxygen injection time (tON time) and the pulsing period are kept constant. Three tilt angles α are used: 75, 80, and 85° and the number of zigzags N is progressively changed from N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 to 16. For each film, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and absorption coefficient are calculated from optical transmission spectra of the films measured in the visible region from wavelength values only. Absorption and extinction coefficients monotonously drop as the number of zigzags increases. Refractive indices are the lowest for the most grazing tilt angle α = 85°. The highest refractive index is nevertheless obtained for a number of zigzags close to four. This optimized optical property is directly correlated to changes of the microstructure, especially a porous architecture, which is favored for high tilt angles, and tunable as a function of the number of zigzags.

A Single-Component Supramolecular Organic Framework with Efficient Ultralong Phosphorescence

Supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs), due to the atomically precise integration of the repeated building units, exhibit intriguing properties and consequently potential applications in chemical...

Effect of FeO Content on Foaming and Viscosity Properties in FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 Slag System

The foaming process is an important part of the electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process. It can promote thermal efficiency and reduce refractory consumption. FeO is a key material used during the foaming process. Unlike with other components used in forming foaming slag, the amount of FeO can be controlled by oxygen or carbon injection. Therefore, adjusting the content of FeO is the most economical foaming mode adopted for the EAFs steelmaking process. In this study, the influence of FeO content on the physical properties of slag was discussed. The melting temperature of the slag was evaluated using three methods: viscosity experiment, using Thermo-Calc simulation software, and high-temperature optical method. The experimental results revealed that the viscosity of slag increases as FeO content decreases. The results also revealed that foam height ratio exhibited a positive correlation with the viscosity of slag.

Thermodynamic and Mineralogical Aspects of Injecting LPG, Coke Oven Gas, and Oxygen into Goethitic Iron Ore Sintering Process

The effect of substituting the fossil fuel partly with gaseous fuels on CO2 emission in sinter plants was assessed. Fuel gases such as coke oven gas (COG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were injected into the sinter pot, to see the effect on sintering speed and quality parameters. Densification was predominant in the case of COG and LPG, leading to an increase in both cold and hot strength. Acceleration of the sintering process was noticed when oxygen was injected. The various phases formed as a result of injecting COG, LPG, and oxygen were identified with the help of X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Dicalcium silicate, a detrimental phase, was found in the range of 16–25% when COG and LPG were injected and was absent when oxygen was injected. Magnetite (Fe3O4) and silico ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) formation got enhanced with oxygen injection. Injection of oxygen along with COG and LPG reduced dicalcium silicate and resulted in acceleration of the sintering process as well as superior quality parameters. The presence of manganese in the iron ore up to 2% resulted in MnFe2O4, a spinel phase that enriched the magnetite. No adverse effect of goethite was noticed due to gas injection. A reduction of 0.65 million tons in CO2 emissions per annum was envisaged by substituting 10 kg solid fuel with gaseous fuel per ton of sinter. After successful pot tests and encouraging results therein, a COG injection system was designed and installed in an industrial-scale sinter plant.

CFD study on the effect of the oxygen lance inclination angle on the decarburization kinetics of liquid steel in the EAF

In Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking the main chemical reaction is the decarburization reaction. This reaction is promoted by the injection of oxygen using supersonic or coherent jets and further chemical reaction with dissolved carbon in liquid steel at high temperatures. A 3D mathematical model to describe the effect of the injection angle, oxygen gas flow rate and number of lances on the decarburization kinetics of molten steel, in the absence of the top slag layer has been developed. The model has been validated using experimental data reported in the literature. The model shows that the decarburization kinetics is promoted by decreasing the injection angle from the horizontal, condition that improves both bath movement and reaction kinetics. These findings suggest that current injection angles in industrial EAF’s can be decreased in order to improve the decarburization rate. The main mechanism is the effect of the gas jet on the motion of the liquid. Taking into consideration that decreasing the injection angle from the horizontal promotes splashing, the numerical model predictions are employed to suggest alternative solutions in order to reach high decarburization rates.

Apparatus and Process for Energy Self-sustainable and High-yield Conversion of Acid Gases (H <sub>2</sub>S and CO <sub>2</sub>) to Syngas

H2S and CO2 are two well-known emissions with cumbersome management and not yet established bulk utilization plans. The invention converts H2S and CO2 in syngas and, as the only by-products, elemental sulphur and water through a dedicated (i) Regenerative Thermal Reactor (RTR) and (ii) Acid Gas to Syngas (AG2S) process layout thanks to the overall reaction: 2 H2S + CO2 = H2 + CO + S2 + H2O. The reaction is globally endothermic, but it can be energetically supplied in situ thanks to a minor injection of oxygen/air. The oxygen injection generates the exothermic reaction S + O2 = SO2 in an appropriate amount to achieve and preserve the optimal conversion temperature. The SO2 generated for energy sustainability is therefore converted within the process layout. The once-through conversion is 75%v for the H2S and 60%v for the CO2. The unreacted reactants are split from the syngas and by-products and recycled upstream for complete conversion. The invention is the first process utilizing no sources, either bio or fossil, but only emissions to generate syngas and, hence, hydrogen. Two moles of syngas are obtained every three moles of emissions, also achieving the total neutralization of H2S and a relevant cut of CO2. Technology development has reached the industrialization level. The laboratory testing has been developed in Politecnico di Milano, at the facilities of the Centre for Sustainable Process Engineering Research (SuPER); the bench-scale tests have been performed at the Sotacarbo Sustainable Energy Centre SpA facilities and the industrial application is just started in Itelyum Regeneration Srl, an eco-refinery for exhausted oil recovery.

Apparatus and process for energy self-sustainable and high-yield conversion of acid gases (H2S and CO2) into syngas

H2S and CO2 are two well-known emissions with cumbersome management and not yet established bulk utilization plans. The invention converts H2S and CO2 in syngas and, as the only by-products, elemental sulphur and water by means of a dedicated (i) Regenerative Thermal Reactor (RTR) and (ii) Acid Gas to syngas (AG2S) process layout thanks to the overall reaction: 2 H2S + CO2 = H2 + CO + S2 + H2O. The reaction is globally endothermic, but it can energetically supplied in situ thanks to a minor injection of oxygen/air. The oxygen injection generates the exothermic reaction S + O2 = SO2 in an appropriate amount so as to achieve and preserve the optimal conversion temperature. The SO2 generated for energy sustainability is therefore converted within the process layout. The once-through conversion is 75%v for the H2S and 50%v for the CO2. The unreacted reactants are split from the syngas and by-products and recycled upstream for complete conversion. The invention is the first process utilizing no sources, neither bio nor fossil, but only emissions to generate syngas and, hence, hydrogen. Two moles of syngas are obtained every three moles of emissions, also achieving the total neutralization of H2S and a relevant cut of CO2. Technology development has reached out the industrialization level. The laboratory testing has been developed in Politecnico di Milano, at the facilities of the Center for Sustainable Process Engineering Research (SuPER); the bench-scale tests have been exerted at the Sotacarbo Sustainable Energy Center SpA facilities and the industrial application is just started at Itelyum Regeneration srl, an ecorefinery for exhausted oil recovery.

Effect of oxygen and steam on gasification and power generation in industrial tests of underground coal gasification

To optimize the gasification process and improve the underground coal gasification (UCG) technology for power generation, a pilot project of UCG integrated with the power generation was built in the abandoned mine “Ankou”. The UCG industrial tests with different oxygen concentrations of oxidant along with the pulsed injection method, and power generation experiments using UCG syngas were conducted. The results indicate that a decrease in the rate of air blowing for a short time exhibited a limited influence on syngas production, but a change in the amount of oxygen injection presented an obvious effect. With the increase in the oxygen concentration in the agent, the H2 content, combustible components and calorific value of syngas, flow ratio, and the consumption of coal, steam and oxygen increased, along with a rise in the gasification efficiency after an initial drop. The oxygen-enriched gasification trials showed higher air consumption, lower consumption of coal, steam and oxygen, and a low combustible components and calorific value of syngas compared to the gasification tests of the oxygen-enriched steam. The evaporation of ground water and coal moisture in the UCG panel provided steam for the oxygen-enriched gasification process, and its utilization rate was about 6–32 wt%. From the characteristics of UCG syngas, the technical transformations such as exhaust gas booster combustion control, high energy ignition, low pressure intake, expansion of the air, and gas inlet pipe diameter were carried out on the existing gas generator sets. The effectiveness of the measures was verified by the power generation experiments.

Research on combustion performance optimization in scramjet combustor with strut/wall combined fuel injection scheme

A strut/wall combined fuel injection scheme was experimentally investigated to improve the combustion performance in a flush-wall scramjet combustor fueled with liquid kerosene. A thin strut was adopted as fuel injector and flame holder, and wall injectors were also placed on side wall of the combustor, downstream of the strut. With the injection of pure oxygen through the injectors in the trailing edge of the strut, a stable flame was achieved in the combustor, and the flame interaction characteristics were experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted at the inlet Mach number of 2.0 with different strut/wall fuel distribution schemes. Flame was divided into two parts, namely the core flame and the wall flame, and interaction mechanism between the two parts was experimentally investigated. Experiment results show that core flame is enhanced with the increasing of fuel equivalence ratio. Core flame propagates to side wall of the combustor to ignite wall fuel, forming a wall flame. Wall flame leads to a thermal chocking downstream of strut to enhance core flame. Combustor performance and flame characteristics are influenced by fuel distribution schemes. The location of wall fuel injectors is also optimized to improve combustion efficiency in this paper. These results in this paper are valuable for the future optimization of combustion organization in scramjet combustor with multi-stages fuel injection scheme.

High-temperature ferromagnetism and super-high-temperature superconductivity in Pb-O nanoparticles

Near-spherical, platelet, and chip-shaped Pb-O nanoparticles (NPs) ranging in average particle sizes from 50 up to 450 nm were prepared by using the modified jet aerosol method through condensation of metallic lead vapor in He gas flow with an oxygen injection. SEM, XRD, BET, and VSM were used for the characterization of the nanoparticles. The room-temperature ferromagnetism with a maximum saturation magnetization up to 8.7 emu/g was recorded in the nanoparticles. NPs with maximum magnetization possessed a certain unit cell volume of Pb and PbO components. The maximum saturation magnetization value of NPs was achieved when the PbO content was approx. 9–15%. In situ high-temperature VSM measurements showed that magnetization stored up to temperatures of 870–970 K. By heat treatment of the NPs up to 670 K, a diamagnetic contribution in the total magnetization was also discovered, which might have attributed to the existence of some local superconductive areas.

Getting to the Root of Plant‐Mediated Methane Emissions and Oxidation in a Thermokarst Bog

AbstractVascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle, but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. In a permafrost‐thaw bog in Interior Alaska, we used plant manipulation treatments, field‐deployed planar optical oxygen sensors, direct measurements of methane oxidation, and microbial DNA analyses to disentangle mechanisms by which vascular vegetation affect methane emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1–5.2 g m−2 season−1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0–3.5 g m−2 season−1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1–1.6 g m−2 season−1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant‐transport pathway, and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. This contention is supported by the fact that methane oxidation and relative abundance of methanotrophs decreased over the season in the presence of vegetation, but methane oxidation remained steady in unvegetated treatments; oxygen was not detected around plant roots but was detected around silicone tubes mimicking aerenchyma; and oxygen injection experiments suggested that oxygen consumption was faster in the presence of vascular vegetation. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production, and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation.

Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Aniline Blue by Stainless-Steel Foam Coated with TiO2 Grafted with Anthocyanins from a Maqui-Blackberry System

Anthocyanins from maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) and blackberry (Rubus glaucus) were used as light harvesters to improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide in visible light. Anthocyanins from both species were obtained using high-frequency ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction with methanol. Mixtures of anthocyanins were developed to study their effectiveness in the visible light/TiO2 reaction for the oxidation of aniline blue. For this purpose, stainless-steel foams were covered with TiO2 and anthocyanin and characterized by SEM. Different samples were fabricated by varying the ratio of the two anthocyanins in the mixture (100, 75, 50, 25 and 0 vol% of maqui-anthocyanin (delphinidin)). The mixtures of 25 vol% anthocyanin from maqui and 75 vol% anthocyanin from blackberry had higher total anthocyanin content and better photocatalytic activity in visible light: degradation of aniline blue was 40% at pH 7, 56% at pH 3 and 95% at pH 3 with the injection of oxygen for 2 h in comparison with TiO2-foam/UV light, which yielded values of 13% at pH 7 and 73% at pH 3 with and without the addition of oxygen. Natural dyes that are low-cost and environmentally friendly substances are shown to be capable of improving the visible-light photocatalytic activity of TiO2.

Numerical study of the pseudo-boiling phenomenon in the transcritical liquid oxygen/gaseous hydrogen flame

The interactions and effects of turbulent mixing, pseudo-boiling phenomena, and chemical reaction heat release on the combustion of cryogenic liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen under supercritical pressure conditions are investigated using RANS simulations. Comparisons of the present numerical simulation results with available experimental data reveal a reasonably good prediction of a supercritical axial shear hydrogen-oxygen flame using the standard k-ε turbulence model and the eddy dissipation concept combustion model with a 23 reaction steps kinetics for H2-O2 reaction. The present simulation qualitatively reproduced oxygen injection and its reaction with the co-flowing hydrogen, which is characterized by rapid flame expansion, downstream flame propagation, and expansion induced flow recirculation. Several turbulence models were used for numerical simulations. It is shown that the selection of an appropriate turbulence model for transcritical reacting flows is crucial and far more important than for subcritical reacting flows. It is indicated that the pseudo-boiling phenomena is the main reason for the considerable differences between the turbulence models in a transcritical flame. Also, it is demonstrated that the liquid oxygen core disappears faster in a non-reacting flow than in a reacting flow. The shear layer in the non-reacting flow is much stronger than reacting case; providing a large transfer of energy from the outer layer to the inner layer. At the supercritical injection conditions, the difference between the turbulence models is much less than the transcritical injection conditions.

Experimental study of the NOX reduction through the staged oxygen supply in the oxy-fuel combustion in a 30 kWth bubbling fluidized bed

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of the NOX reduction through the staged injection of oxygen in the oxy-fuel combustion of lignite and wooden pellets in a 30kWth bubbling fluidized bed experimental facility. A number of experiments was performed examining the impact of relevant operational parameters on the efficiency of NOX reduction. Various secondary to primary oxygen ratios were selected while keeping the overall concentration of oxygen in dry flue gas the same for constant ratio of O2/CO2 concentration in fluidizing gas and for constant fluidized bed temperature. Besides that, the impact of the overall oxygen stoichiometry was studied.The results showed that oxygen staging can be used successfully to reduce NOX emissions. Within the experiments, the NOX reduction efficiency as high as 50% was achieved (compared to the operation without oxygen staging) for the ratio of secondary and primary oxygen 0.5 in case of lignite and 1 in case of wood combustion. The extensive staged injection of oxygen also caused a significant raise of the freeboard temperature. There, it was measured about 900 °C for the lignite combustion and 880 °C in the fluidized bed, and about 950 °C for the combustion of wood and 880 °C in the fluidized bed. Oxygen staging is a promising path to reduce NOX in the oxy-fuel combustion in bubbling fluidized beds or to provide convenient conditions for the application of non-selective catalytic reduction in the freeboard section of the fluidized bed facility.

Performance characteristics of an integrated power generation system combining gas turbine combined cycle, carbon capture and methanation

This study analyzes the performance of an integrated power generation system that combines a gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) with a methanation process. The methanation process uses hydrogen provided by a power-to-gas (PtG) process and carbon dioxide captured from the exhaust gas of the GTCC. The research aim was to maximize the GTCC performance through an effective integration between the GTCC and methanation. Two methods were proposed to utilize the steam generated from the methanation process. One was to supply it to the steam turbine bottoming cycle of the GTCC, and the other was to inject it into the GT combustor. Also investigated was the injection of oxygen generated in the PtG process into the gas turbine combustor. The largest improvements in the power and efficiency were predicted to be 19.3 % and 4.9 % through the combination of the steam supply to the bottoming cycle and the oxygen injection to the combustor.

“Potential carbon efficiency” as a new index to track the performance of biofuels production processes

In a carbon constrained economy which targets a massive reduction of the CO2 emissions, biogenic carbon is bound to be a scarce resource with high economic value. In such scenario, the carbon efficiency may become the key performance index to represent the revenues of the biomass-to-X conversion plants.In this work, the potential carbon efficiency (PCE) indicator is defined to quantify the achievable carbon efficiency (i.e. the amount of carbon contained in the final product with respect to the available input carbon), of a stream or of a process unit. Compared to the conventional carbon efficiency (CE), that is affected only by the separation/addition of carbon-containing species, the PCE allows quantifying the potential variation of the achievable carbon efficiency in process units where no carbon separation occurs, but where a limiting element is added (e.g. hydrogen through steam addition) or oxygen content is increased (e.g. oxygen injection in a reformer).The difference between the CE and the PCE along a biomass conversion process is typically due to the excess of oxygen atoms in the syngas, which is removed as CO2 in the syngas conditioning unit. Therefore, the difference between CE and PCE shows the potential gain in carbon efficiency that can be obtained by the addition of H2 from an electrolysis process.In this paper, the PCE and the CE have been calculated along the process units of different biomass-to-X plants. The selected case studies allow comparing different gasification technologies (direct gasification, indirect gasification and sorption enhanced gasification) in plants for the production of methanol and synthetic natural gas, showing how CE and PCE are influenced by process units such as the gasification technology, syngas reforming, syngas conditioning and hydrogen addition.

Feasibility and Efficacy of Pulsed-Dose Oxygen Delivery During Noninvasive Ventilation.

It is difficult to apply noninvasive ventilation (NIV) simultaneously with pulsed-dose oxygen delivery. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of pulsed-dose oxygen delivery during NIV. A bench study was conducted using a simulated lung during NIV, with a breathing frequency of 10 or 20 breaths/min and 3 oxygen injection sites (site A on face mask, site B proximal to face mask, and site C at the ventilator outlet) with continuous flow oxygen delivery of 1, 3, or 5 L/min) or pulsed-dose oxygen delivery (numerical settings of 1, 3, or 5 representing the oxygen pulse characteristics). [Formula: see text] under different experimental conditions and the influence of mode of oxygen delivery on NIV (compared to baseline and continuous flow oxygen delivery vs pulsed-dose oxygen delivery) were compared. In the clinical study, we enrolled 10 subjects with COPD exacerbation who received NIV with either continuous flow oxygen delivery or pulsed-dose oxygen delivery. Under the same targeted pulse oxygen saturation (88-92%), the numerical settings of different modes of oxygen delivery were titrated, and the clinical parameters during the different modes of oxygen delivery were compared. In the bench study, the ratio of the [Formula: see text] with pulsed-dose oxygen delivery to the [Formula: see text] with continuous flow oxygen delivery at the same numerical setting was 0.94 ± 0.15. The oxygen injection site had a significant influence on [Formula: see text] in pulsed-dose oxygen delivery or continuous flow oxygen delivery mode (P < .05). Pulsed-dose oxygen delivery worked effectively with the ventilator, as demonstrated by the fine synchronization in the breathing cycle of the ventilator, the simulated lung, and the pulsed-dose oxygen delivery. When compared with each other or compared to the baseline individually, pulsed-dose oxygen delivery and continuous flow oxygen delivery showed no clinically important effects on NIV (all P > .05 or changes < 10%). In the clinical study, the mean numerical settings for pulsed-dose oxygen delivery and continuous flow oxygen delivery modes after titration were 2.68 ± 0.32 and 2.31 ± 0.56 L/min, respectively. There was no significant difference between continuous flow oxygen delivery and pulsed-dose oxygen delivery (P > .05). Integration of pulsed-dose oxygen delivery into NIV could achieve efficacy similar to that achieved with continuous flow oxygen delivery.

Factors of relevance for improving the uniformity of oxygen distribution in drip irrigation water*

AbstractAerating water using microbubbles in irrigation for drip and subsurface drip irrigation systems has been reported to produce positive effects on plant growth and yield. However, maintaining the uniformity of bubble distribution in irrigation lines across long‐row configuration is a challenge.Air injection of microbubbles in irrigation water using a gas diffuser (Seair Diffusion System, Model SA75) has a significant gain in dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution over 850 m length of drip tape. Furthermore, with oxygen injection with a Venturi, DO in irrigation water reached as high as 44 ppm and was maintained well above 35 ppm up to a distance of 700 m and did not drop below 20 ppm, even at a distance of 850 m. Pressure compensated emitters recorded significantly higher DO concentrations compared to non‐pressure compensated emitters along the entire length of the irrigation line.Additionally, use of surfactant in irrigation water, up to 4 ppm, resulted in increased gas void fraction and DO concentration compared to the control for both air and oxygen injection irrigation. Highest oxygen saturation was recorded with 4 ppm surfactant, both for air injections (165%) and oxygen injection (438%) treatment along 200 m of non‐pressure compensated drip tape.

Investigating the Influence of Heavy Oil Recovery by In Situ Combustion during Air Injection as EOR Technique

Heavy oil is one of the most useful energy resources specially in the times of crises when other resources are not present in profusion. However, Occurrence of heavy oil in unconsolidated sands is one the most challenging factor to recover the heavy oil. Therefore, in this study the main focus is derived towards the extraction of heavy oil with optimistic procedure called air injection. For the research, a reactor assembly was developed for the experimental work on air (21% oxygen) injection into heavy oil (12.59 °API) reservoir. Total 13 kinetics runs were conducted on unconsolidated cores by varying the parameters involved system pressure, flow rate (air flux), oxidation temperature (heat input), and rock formation (sand matrix). It was found that the process is very dependent on operating conditions employed, as oxygen consumption rate was very dependent on air flux. Increase of air flux from 15.19 to 22.78 m3/m2-hr resulted in slightly increasing rates of oxygen consumption over the temperature range under investigation. The temperature difference also shows great effect on the high temperature oxidation. The pressure and porous media also have great impact on the combustion behavior. The influence of individual parameter was obtained from analysis of the inlet oxygen and composition of flue gases from the combustion cell. Indeed, the oxygen conversion was too less to evaluate the kinetic data at temperature less than 250 °C while for oxidation reactions, the oxygen statistics analyzed from temperature above than 350 °C. The experimental results reveal that the average maximum peak temperature was 440 °C, and the oxidation reaction process at high temperature was very effective in terms of produced carbon oxides with an average percentage of 9.5% CO2, 5.5% CO in flue gases. Oil displacement was observed from the analysis of flue gases, consequently; incremental oil recovery was achieved between 56%-80% under high temperature oxidation (HTO) conditions.