Injection Of Insecticide Research Articles

Insecticide injection injuries to both hands: A case report

Surgical decompression of both handswas then performed. The SUbcutaneous dorsa of both hands contained large amounts of necrotic fat, which extended along the dorsal vessels, tendons, and nerves. On the right hand a central area of dorsal skin was debrided (Fig , 2). There was bilateral necrosis of the interosseus muscles. Both hands were debrided and irrigated, the wounds were dressed and splinted, and a cephalosporin antibiotic was administered intravenously. Active and passive range-of-motion exercises were begun on the first postoperative day. A psychiatric consultation was obtained, and treatment was instituted. Two days later the patient returned to the operating room for a second irrigation and debridement. One week later the defect on the dorsum of the left hand had closed primarily except for a small area, which was treated with a skin graft. Exploration of the right hand demonstrated persistent spasm of the radial artery, which precluded its use as the recipient of a free tissue transfer or a distally based radial forearm flap. Therefore reconstruction was accomplished with a pedicled groin flap. The pedicle was divided 3 weeks later (Fig. 3).

Termite (Isoptera) damage and control in tropical forestry with special reference to Africa and Indo-Malaysia: a review

AbstractTermite damage is a major problem in tropical forestry especially where exotic tree species are used. Stressed tress are generally the most susceptible to attack. Dry-wood termites (Kalotermitidae) live and feed in dead wood but sometimes attack living parts of mature trees; generally, they are pests only in the humid tropics, causing local but sometimes serious damage. Coptotermes (Rhinotermitidae) causes more widespread and serious damage to mature trees, especially in Malaysia and Australia. The most serious losses (up to 100%), due predominantly to various Macrotermitinae (Termitidae) such as Macrotermes, Odontotermes and Microtermes, occur in young, exotictrees such as Eucalyptus in dry regions in Africa and India. Chemical control of dry-wood termites is not feasible; use of resistant trees is probably the only satisfactory strategy. Control of Coptotermes by various methods has been suggested; but only insecticide injection into nests within affected trunks (Australia) and destruction of nests with explosives prior to planting, followed by destruction of queens in subsequently located nests (Papua New Guinea), are effective and economically viable. Attack on seedings, especially by Macrotermitinae in Africa and India, can be prevented by the increasingly unacceptable persistent cyclodienes used as mound poisons or as a barrier around the roots preventing attack by subterranean species. Controlled-release formulations of otherwise non-persistent insecticides are being development but are expensive and not widely available. Many non-chemical measures have been suggested, but none has been rigorously evaluated; none will provide the almost complete protection afforded by cyclodienes. Biological control shows little promise. Use of resistant tree species and development of resistant varieties offers the only long-term solution, but until these are available there will be a need to continue using cyclodienes or rapidly to develop alternative control methods.

Soil Injection of Insecticides for Control of Citrus Blackfly in Dooryard Citrus

We studied the effects of 3 soil injected systemic insecticides for control of both high and low density Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby infestations on citrus in an urban environment. Acephate injected at 3 rates provided acceptable levels of control while oxydemetonmethyl and dimethoate did not produce significant control. Presence of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in citrus leaves was confirmed through the use of temperature programmed gas chromatography. Aggregated field mortality data suggested that the soil injection approach would be more consistent with developing management strategies rather than as a component of more absolute goals such as eradication. The lack of spray drift and the highly localized nature of application can make soil injection a potentially valuable insect management tool in highly urbanized environments.

Injection of Insecticide in Irrigation Water To Control Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm on Corn

ABSTRACT A scaled one-nozzle irrigation system was con-structed and tested for injecting insecticide into irrigation water for control of insects attacking corn. In-secticide was injected either inside the sprinkler nozzle or at the intake of the irrigation pump. The two injection methods gave equal insect control. Also, the injection of water-soluble and non-soluble materials into the system gave equal results. A formulation composed of 2 L of oil plus 1 L of Sevin-4 oil resulted in the same insect control as Sevin-4 oil alone. Application of 0.36 cm of irrigation water after completion of insecticide treatments did not significantly affect kill of corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). Field tests indicated that corn treated with water-soluble methomyl had significantly more wormfree ears than corn treated with stirofos (tested as Gardona 80 per-cent in oil). Oil used by itself resulted in significantly less wormfree ears than Gardona in oil.