Injectable Contraceptive Research Articles

Women's Experiences on Injectable Contraceptive Preference Among Jimma Town Public Health Facilities, Southwest Ethiopia 2023. A Phenomenological Study Design.

Contraception is the information, devices, and medications that enable individuals to decide whether and when to have children. It is a cost-effective method of limiting and spacing childbirth. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of modern contraceptives is increasing, and injection contraceptives represent a high prevalence. However, it is unclear why the women preferred injection contraception. To explore Women's experiences on contraceptive preference among Jimma town public health facilities, southwest Ethiopia, 2023. An interpretative phenomenological study design was employed. Women aged between 18 and 49 who have been using injectable contraceptives for more than one year were our study population. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using an open-ended, structured interview guide. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 12 participants from three randomly selected public health facilities in Jimma town. Audio data were transcribed verbatim into word files, and finally, Atlas.ti 7.0 software was used to facilitate coding and categorizing. Twelve women who have been using injectable contraceptives for the last year were involved in this study. Religious beliefs, fear of side effects, visiting Arab countries, and previous contraceptive experiences were the main reasons for respondents to prefer injectable contraceptive methods. This study revealed that women were experiencing positive and negative effects while using injection contraceptives. The majority of the respondents felt comfortable and pleased and had not encountered any health-related issues since beginning to use injection contraceptives. The key factors influencing respondents' preference for injection methods of contraception included fear of side effects, religious convictions, travel to Arab nations, and prior contraceptive experiences. The majority of respondents felt at ease and pleased and reported no substantial health difficulties associated with injection contraception, despite a few women reporting minor adverse effects. Therefore, switching to long-acting methods of contraception necessitates increased women's understanding of contraceptives.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU TENTANG KB 3 BULAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN JADWAL SUNTIK DI DESA SUDIREJO KECAMATAN NAMO RAMBE

Family planning (KB) is one of the most basic and primary preventive health services. To optimize the health benefits of family planning, these services must be provided for women by combining and fulfilling the needs of the main reproductive health services and others. In addition, reproductive health services are also responsive to various stages of a woman's reproductive life. Improving and expanding family planning services is one of the efforts to reduce the high maternal morbidity and mortality due to pregnancy experienced by women. This type of research is an analytic study with a cross-sectional study design that is used to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers about 3-month injection contraception against adherence to repeat injection schedules. The research was carried out in Sudirejo Village, Namo Rambe District, Deli Serdang Regency in January-July 2022 where the number of samples was 38 people by taking total sampling.

HUBUNGAN PEMAKAIAN KB SUNTIK 3 BULAN DENGAN KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN DI TPMB BIDAN TITIN DURATUL KABUPATEN TANGERANG BANTEN TAHUN 2023

ABSTRAK
 Three-month injectable contraception offers benefits but also carries a risk of adverse consequences for users. Three-month injectable contraception has many benefits, such as being extremely effective, preventing long-term pregnancy, having no effect on husband-wife relationships, not containing estrogen, which means it has no significant effect on blood clotting disorders or heart disease, having no effect on breast milk production, having few side effects, and being safe for use by women over the age of 35 until perimenopause. However, menstruation disorders, depression, vaginal discharge, acne, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, changes in libido, and most importantly, a change in body weight are common adverse effects. The typical rise in body weight is within reasonable bounds, ranging from less than 1 kg to 5 kg in the first year, or eleven pounds or five kilograms, and a 3.4% rise in body fat after three years of consumption. The research design uses a correlational approach with a cross - sectional approach. Data processing was carried out univariately and bivariately with the Chi Square (X2) statistical test. Using 41 respondents who used injectable birth control for 3 months. The statistical test (chi square) yielded a p value of 0.01—that is, a p value less than the alpha value of 0.05—so Ho is rejected and Ha is approved. The result was that "there is a significant relationship between the use of 3-month injectable birth control and weight gain."
 Keywords:3-monthvaccination,bodyweight

Prevalence of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Injectable Contraceptive Acceptors: Study at Mulya Mekar Health Center, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia

Injection contraception is a hormonal contraceptive method that is widely used by women in Indonesia. This method has the advantages of high effectiveness and ease of use. However, contraceptive injections can also cause side effects, one of which is menstrual cycle disorders. This study aims to determine the prevalence of injection contraceptive acceptors on the menstrual cycle at the Mulya Mekar Health Center, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive observational research design with accidental sampling. The research sample was 50 contraceptive injection acceptors aged 15-49 years. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The research results show that the prevalence of injection contraceptive acceptors who experience menstrual cycle disorders is 60%. The most frequently experienced menstrual cycle disorders are longer menstrual cycles (26%), followed by shorter menstrual cycles (24%), and irregular menstrual cycles (10%). This study concludes that the prevalence of menstrual cycle disorders in recipients of contraceptive injections is quite high. Therefore, it is important for acceptors to know the risks and benefits of this contraceptive method.

Enhancing Contraceptive Utilization among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital: A Comprehensive Analysis

According to the 2015 WHO Family Planning report, approximately 225 million women in developing countries express a desire to delay or cease childbearing but do not utilize any contraceptive methods. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing contraceptive utilization among women aged 15-49 accessing healthcare services at the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) outpatient department of Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH) in the Bunyoro Region. The research adopted a hospital-based cross-sectional design, enrolling mothers attending antenatal, immunization, and family planning clinics at HRRH from April 2021 to May 2021. A total of 113 participants were selected via simple random sampling. Data collection involved both open and closed-ended questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews, covering topics such as knowledge, sociodemographic characteristics, and utilized family planning methods. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16. The median age group was 20-24 years (33.7%), followed by 25-29 years (24.8%), with the lowest representation in the 40-44 age group (2%). The majority of participants had completed primary education (56%), followed by secondary education (19%), while only 10% had no formal education. Overall, participants exhibited satisfactory knowledge regarding family planning. Injectable contraceptives were the most commonly used method (45.5%), followed by implants (6.9%) and pills (5.0%), with intrauterine devices (IUDs) being the least utilized (2.0%). Women aged 20-29 years demonstrated a higher likelihood of contraceptive usage compared to those aged 45-49 years. Education emerged as a significant determinant of contraceptive utilization. Keywords: Family Planning, Contraception, Childbearing, Women, Unintended pregnancy.

Knowledge and practice of family planning among pregnant tribal women in Southern India: an observational study

BackgroundThere are over 700 Scheduled Tribes (ST) living in 30 Indian states. As with other indigenous groups across the world, Indian ST have some of the poorest infant and child health outcomes of any communities in India. A child born to an ST family is 19% more likely to die in the first month of life and has a 45 percent risk of dying in their first year compared with other Indian populations. Research suggests that early conception, high fertility, and low use of family planning methods are large contributors to these disparities.MethodsA cross sectional survey in Kannada was conducted among 303 pregnant tribal women in Mysore, India after obtaining informed consent. Univariate and multivariable analyses were carried out to determine the demographic and psychosocial factors associated with knowledge of contraceptive methods using Stata 14.0.ResultsThere was widespread knowledge about female sterilization, while only 39.3% of women reported hearing about one or more forms of temporary contraception, and 36.3% knew where to get them. The largest proportion of women had heard about copper-T (33.0%), followed by oral contraceptive pills (23.8%), condoms (11.9%), and injectables (4.6%). Only 2.7% of women reported ever using any form of temporary contraception. Results from the multivariable logistic regression indicated that knowledge of at least one form of temporary contraception was linked to higher age (adjusted odds ratio[AOR]: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17), greater number of years of marriage (AOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.96), and last birth in a government facility (AOR: 3.67; 95% CI: 1.99, 6.82).ConclusionsThe study revealed poor knowledge and utilization of temporary contraceptive methods among a tribal population in rural Mysore, India. Interventions aiming to increase knowledge of contraceptive options are important for birth spacing in this population and should target younger women and those without contact with government health facilities.

Berat Badan Pada Akseptor yang Menggunakan Kontrasepsi Suntik di Puskesmas Singgani Kota Palu

The Family Planning (KB) program is carried out in order to regulate the number of births or space births. Injectable contraception is one of the contraceptive methods that is widely used in Indonesia because it works effectively, is practical to use, is relatively cheap, and is safe. One of the ways injectable contraception works is to cause changes in the menstrual cycle to increase body weight which is the most frequently complained about by injectable contraceptive acceptors. Injection methods are divided into two types, namely 1-month injectable contraceptives and 3-month injectable contraceptives. 1-month contraceptive injection is a type of birth control injection that contains a combination of the hormone Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (progestin hormone) and Estradiol cypionate (estrogen hormone), and 3-month contraceptive injection is an injectable contraceptive containing the Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate hormone p (progestin hormone) with a volume of 150 mg. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in body weight among injectable contraceptive acceptors. This type of research uses analytical observational research methods. This research sample was taken using the Accidental Sampling technique with a sample size of 42 respondents. Analysis uses the sign difference test. The sign test results showed that there was a relationship between the use of injectable birth control (P < 0.05) and weight gain.

HUBUNGAN PEMAKAIAN KB SUNTIK 3 BULAN DENGAN PERUBAHAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI DI BPM ANIK DESA SIDODADI

Injectable contraception is a type of hormonal birth control that contains estrogen and progesterone preparations which have several impacts that are most complained about by injecting birth control acceptors, namely changes in the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between acceptors of 3-month family planning injections who experienced changes in the menstrual cycle at Anik independent midwife practice in Sidodadi. The research design was an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all women of childbearing age who used the 3-month injection at Anik independent midwife practice in Sidodadi totaling 50 people. The data used are primary and secondary data. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate data analysis techniques. Data were analyzed by conducting Chi-square test analysis. The results of the study from 50 respondents who experienced regular menstrual cycles were 13 people (26%), who experienced irregular menstrual cycles were 37 people (74%). The result of the chi-square test is p-value = 0.000. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the use of 3-month injections and the menstrual cycle at Anik independent midwife practice. It is recommended that midwives provide counseling and counseling to new acceptors regarding the side effects and risks that occur with the use of 3-month injectable birth control.

Determinan Pengetahuan Ibu Terhadap Ketepatan Pemilihan KB Suntik 3 Bulan (Depo Progestin) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pringapus

Introduction: 3-month injection KB (Depo Progestin) is a contraceptive method that can be used effectively and has good working power for mothers. The use of 3-month injectable birth control aims to delay or prevent pregnancy, space pregnancies, and terminate pregnancies. Mother's knowledge plays an important role in choosing birth control; the more knowledge the mother has, the more influential she is in choosing injectable contraceptives. Based on Indonesia's profile data in 2019, there was an increase in contraceptive use in women, namely 50% to 64% in the 1991–2017 period, but in 2019 it decreased to 62.5%. The most dominant contraceptive method used in 2019 was the injection contraceptive method as much as 63.7% (Central Statistics Agency data) and based on health profile data for Central Java province in 2021, there is an increase in the use of injectable birth control among married women aged 15–49 years, namely 57.68%. Objective: This study aims to determine the determinants of mother's knowledge on the accuracy of choosing 3-month injectable birth control (Progestin Depo) in the working area of ​​the Pringapus Health Center. Metodes: This research method uses a cross-sectional research method and a purposive sampling approach. The sample used in this study was 92 respondents, and the location of this research was in the working area of the Pringapus Health. Results: Based on data analysis the result is that mothers with good knowledge are 53 (57.7%) respondents, and the accuracy in choosing the answer "Yes" (correct) is 83 (90.2%) of respondents. Then the results obtained have a p-value of 0.002 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a relationship between the mother's knowledge and the accuracy of choosing 3-month injectable birth control (Progestin Depo) in the working area of the Pringapus Health Center.

Preferências contraceptivas entre mulheres com doença falciforme durante um acompanhamento de 12 meses: um estudo longitudinal

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the choice and continuation rate of contraceptive methods in women with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods: an exploratory prospective study was conducted at a hospital enrolling 44 women with SCD aged 15-40 years old. After contraceptive counseling, the women selected one of the available contraceptive methods and separated into two groups, and were followed up at one, three, six, and 12 months. To analyze the continuation rate of contraceptive use, the two groups were: group (G1) using progestin-only contraceptives, through any route of administration and group (G2) using other contraceptive methods (combined hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptives). The continuation rate was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, considering a p<0.05. Results: after contraceptive counseling, most women opted for any progestin-only methods: injectable contraceptives (n=18; 40.9%), oral contraceptives (n=7; 15.9%), or intrauterine devices (n=3; 6.8%). The continuation rate decreased in both groups during the 12-months follow-up period. In the G1, the continuation rate was 60.7% (CI95%=40.4-76.0), while that in the G2 was 68.7% (CI95%= 40.5-85.6) with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.641). Conclusions: the overall continuation rates in both groups were satisfactory. No significant difference in the continuation rate of contraceptive methods was observed between the groups, although most women preferred progestin-only methods.

The injectable contraceptives depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone enanthate substantially and differentially decrease testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels: A secondary study from the WHICH randomized clinical trial.

HIV acquisition risk with norethisterone (NET) enanthate (NET-EN) is reportedly less than for depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate intramuscular (DMPA-IM). We investigated the effects of these progestin-only injectable contraceptives on serum testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, since these may play a role in sexual behavior and HIV acquisition. The open-label WHICH clinical trial, conducted at two sites in South Africa from 2018-2019, randomized HIV-negative women aged 18-40 years to 150 mg DMPA-IM 12-weekly (n = 262) or 200 mg NET-EN 8-weekly (n = 259). We measured testosterone by UHPLC-MS/MS and SHBG by immunoassay in matched pairs of serum samples collected at baseline (D0) and at peak serum progestin levels at 25 weeks post initiation (25W) (n = 214-218 pairs). Both contraceptives substantially decreased, from D0 to 25W, the total testosterone [DMPA-IM D0 0.560, 25W 0.423 nmol/L, -24.3% (p < 0.0001); NET-EN D0 0.551, 25W 0.253 nmol/L, -54.1%, (p < 0.0001)], SHBG [DMPA-IM D0 45.0, 25W 32.7 nmol/L, -29.8% (p < 0.0001); NET-EN D0 50.2, 25W 17.6 nmol/L, -65.1% (p < 0.0001)], and calculated free testosterone levels [DMPA-IM D0 6.87, 25W 5.38 pmol/L, -17.2% (p = 0.0371); NET-EN D0 6.00, 25W 3.70, -40.0% (p < 0.0001)]. After adjusting for change from D0, the total testosterone, SHBG and calculated free testosterone levels were significantly higher for DMPA-IM than NET-EN (64.9%, p < 0.0001; 101.2%, p < 0.0001; and 38.0%, p = 0.0120, respectively). The substantial and differential decrease in testosterone and SHBG levels does not explain our previous finding of no detected decrease in risky sexual behavior or sexual function for DMPA-IM or NET-EN users from D0 to 25W. Medroxyprogesterone (MPA) and NET are androgenic and are both present in molar excess over testosterone and SHBG concentrations at 25W. Any within or between contraceptive group androgenic effects on behavior in the brain are likely dominated by the androgenic activities of MPA and NET and not by the decreased endogenous testosterone levels. The clinical trial was registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR 202009758229976).

A Prática de Planeamento Familiar em Mulheres de Baixa Renda: Caso do Município da Cidade de Cuamba entre 2019 a 2020

This article addresses the issue of family planning, with a view to evaluating its practice among low-income women in the municipality of Cuamba City, Mozambique. It recognized the rights that people have through family planning, to determine the constitution of their families and the right to choose the number of children. The study was based on direct interviews with users of the Sapura health unit. The study reveals that 66 percent of women are in a de facto union, where the man has always been dominant in couples, as the person who can decide whether the woman can have family planning or not, and 74 percent of women have family planning without their partner's consent. The most commonly used method is DEPO - a long-acting injectable hormonal contraceptive method made up of a synthetic hormone similar to progesterone.

Utilizing Community Procedure Clinics to Enhance Resident Procedural Education.

Procedure training in family medicine residency is important for future full-spectrum practice. Some residency programs have cited difficulty providing adequate procedure education. Residency collaboration with nonfaculty attending physicians working at community nonresidency clinics may help programs increase resident exposure to procedures. We assessed the feasibility of such an educational model by establishing recurring procedure clinics in a nonresidency family medicine site supervised by nonfaculty physicians. Twice monthly, half-day procedure clinics were conducted at a community site, where family medicine residents were supervised by nonfaculty community family physicians. After participation, we surveyed residents about their perceptions of the clinics. Using retrospective chart review, we determined quantity and type of procedures performed. Fifteen residents participated in 21 procedure clinics, featuring 18 procedure types and 268 procedures. Skin lesion excision, nail removal, punch and shave procedures, joint injection, newborn circumcision, and implantable contraception management were most consistently performed. Residents rated clinics highly and were satisfied with procedure number and variety, opportunity to learn new procedures and techniques, and feedback received. Over 80% of residents noted experiences in procedures that were less commonly encountered in their residency. Procedure clinics at a nonresidency site hosted by nonfaculty attending physicians provided additional training in a variety of primary care procedures. The clinics were favorable to residents and may help programs address training gaps.

Cervical cancer risk in association with TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms in Bangladeshi women.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is among the vital pro-inflammatory cytokines that potentially exerts a significant influence on the immune response, hence potentially regulating the advancement of cervical lesions. Our study objective was to examine the relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1799724 and rs1800629) of TNF-α and the risk of cervical cancer in women from Bangladesh. We recruited 133 patients with cervical cancer and 126 healthy individuals for this study. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR SNP genotyping assay. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values. For rs1799724 (C > T) polymorphism, TT mutant homozygous genotype carried 3.26 times increased risk of developing cervical cancer (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.15-9.28, p = 0.027). Polymorphism of rs1800629 (G > A) was also related to an elevated risk of cervical cancer. Individuals with the AG heterozygous genotype (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.20-6.74, p = 0.017) and AA mutant homozygous genotype (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 1.24-16.60, p = 0.022) also had a higher likelihood of having cervical cancer. Moreover, we found that injectable contraceptives increase the risk of cervical cancer. Individuals who smoked and/or had first-degree relatives with cancer were more likely to carry the risk allele, which increases the likelihood of developing cervical cancer. TNF-α polymorphisms in rs1799724 and rs1800629 increase the susceptibility of developing cervical cancer in women from Bangladesh.

Hubungan Peningkatan Berat Badan Dengan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Suntikan 3 Bulan di Puskesmas Sudiang Tahun 2023

Many women have found difficult in determining contraception tools, since there is no much safe and effective contraception. One contraceptive method which is considered to be quite ideal is that 3 month contraceptive injection. 3 month contraceptive injection is a type of contraceptive injection containing only progestin, it is injected every 3 months. There are lots of benefits from the using of this contraceptive. Nevertheless, there are also several weaknesses of this contraceptive, one of them is that the matter of weight gain. Based on that finding, it takes a study that aims to determine the correlation between weight gain and the use of contraceptive injections 3 month in Puskesmas Sudiang year of 2023. This type of research is analytic survey through cross sectional study. The sample in this study taken by purposive sampling, the number of samples in this study were 52 respondents. The research instrument was observation sheet, in which it was analyzed through Chi square test. The results of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between weight gain and the use of contraceptive injections of 3 month, it is showed P = 0.00 &lt; ɑ = 0.05. Thus, when we use the 3 month contraceptive injection, it should be followed by the changing of lifestyle such as healthy diet, rest frequent and regular exercise.

Using Human-Centered Design to Explore Potential Users' and Men's Views of New Injectable Contraceptives in Kampala and Lagos.

Injectable contraceptives are the most used method in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted market research to assess potential user attitudes toward 4- and 6-month injectables. We also present user suggestions for marketing these new injectables once they are available. We implemented a 2-phase market research study from October through December 2021 in Kampala, Uganda, and Lagos, Nigeria. We conducted 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 51 participants in Kampala and 12 FGDs with 67 participants in Lagos. FGDs included current and potential injectable users and men stratified by marital status and age. Next, 23 women in Kampala and 24 in Lagos participated in cocreation workshops using human-centered design methods to explore marketing and communications strategies for each injectable. Data collection teams completed semistructured data extraction tables that were then analyzed thematically. Participants liked both injectable options due to the reduced number of facility visits that would save time and money and increase privacy. Primary concerns included side effects, delayed return to fertility, cost, self-efficacy to self-inject, and stock-outs. Participants in Kampala preferred a shorter reinjection window (or "grace period") because it is easier to remember and they assumed it meant a quicker return to fertility, but participants in Lagos preferred a longer window because it provides extra time for reinjection. Citing norms around women needing to get pregnant quickly after marriage, participants in both sites felt that the 4-month injectable would benefit young people with busy lifestyles or limited access to facilities, whereas the 6-month injectable would benefit women who already had children. We found that participants in Kampala and Lagos would prefer additional injectable options to meet the wide-ranging needs of users in different stages of their reproductive lives. Family planning program planners can apply the marketing insights we identified when these new injectables become available.

Service Delivery Considerations for Introducing New Injectable Contraceptives Lasting 4 and 6 Months in Nigeria and Uganda: A Qualitative Study.

New family planning (FP) product introduction requires understanding the target market and support from stakeholders from across the health sector. We aimed to understand the perspectives of FP providers and other stakeholders on the potential introduction of new subcutaneous (SC) depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable contraceptives lasting 4 and 6 months in Nigeria and Uganda. Between July 2021 and February 2022, we conducted 48 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) with FP providers and other stakeholders involved with service delivery, program management, and policymaking in Lagos and Abuja in Nigeria and Kampala and Luwero in Uganda. IDIs and FGDs explored respondents' reactions to and preferences for the new injectables lasting 4 and 6 months. Most respondents liked the idea of longer-acting DMPA-SC products, noting the potential for reduced facility visits for clients and workloads for providers, cost savings for users and the health system, and potential for improved commodity logistics. Some nonproviders raised concerns about confusion among providers and clients with the availability of multiple injectable products; however, providers did not share this concern. The greatest interest among all groups was for the 6-month injectable, even without the option for self-injection. Several respondents reported that self-injection is not widespread in either context, and some noted that contact with a provider would be important for products with longer durations. Respondents' acceptability of the new injectables assumed that side effects would be no worse than the existing 3-month product. Family planning stakeholders in Nigeria and Uganda are supportive of expanding the method mix with new injectables, which they see as having the potential to meet the needs of more users. Concerted engagement of health providers, policymakers, and the community will be necessary for successful introduction once these new contraceptive products are available.

A 3-year Retrospective Review of Contraceptive Initiation, Continuation, Switching, and Pregnancy Among Adolescents and Young Adults

PurposeTo understand contraceptive use patterns (initiation, switching, discontinuation) as well as associations with pregnancy in adolescents and young adults attending a teen family planning clinic. MethodsWe performed a chart review of adolescent and young adult patients (ages 12–20) attending a teen family planning clinic in Atlanta, GA between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. Using a standardized abstraction form with quality controls, we collected available data on contraceptive methods used and pregnancy test results during the 3-year period. We analyzed contraceptive use patterns descriptively. We calculated and compared pregnancy incidence according to different contraceptive switch patterns. ResultsOur sample included 2,798 individuals who initiated 2,358 prescribed methods. The most commonly prescribed methods of contraception were the contraceptive injection (28.3%), etonogestrel implant (23.5%) and combined hormonal pill (23.2%). There were 599 discontinuations of prescribed methods; side effects like bleeding and headache were the most cited reasons for discontinuation. Most (75.8%) initiated a moderately or highly effective method after discontinuing a moderately or highly effective method. The incidence rate of pregnancy was highest for those who had discontinued an intrauterine device or implant and started a shorter-acting contraceptive method. DiscussionEmploying patient-centered contraceptive counseling that incorporates contraceptive experiences in addition to facts and allows for exploration and change may be valuable for young people. Successful navigation of contraceptive switches may require additional attention, education, and strategy, which could include hypothetical problem solving, close follow-up, and telehealth or virtual care.

Effect of a single dose of a combination injectable contraceptive for treatment of bothersome uterine bleeding in contraceptive implant(s) users: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the proportion of participants whose uterine bleeding/spotting was interrupted for at least 7 days during the month after they received a combined hormonal injection. We also evaluated bleeding at 21 days and 12 weeks after the injection. Study designWe conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 46 contraceptive implant users who presented with bothersome uterine bleeding/spotting. A single dose of a combination injectable contraceptive or placebo was administered intramuscularly at enrollment. ResultsThe proportions of participants whose uterine bleeding/spotting was interrupted for at least 7 days the month after they received a combined hormonal injection were higher in the combination injectable contraception group than in the placebo group (87% vs 48%, p = 0.005). Participants who reported that they were bleeding free at 21 days after treatment were 52% and 35% in the combination injectable contraception group and placebo group, respectively (p = 0.24). At 12 weeks posttreatment, 17% of participants in the combination injectable contraception group and 4% in the placebo group reported cessation of bleeding with no recurrence (p = 0.34). The median days until the first bleeding interruption was shorter in the combination injectable contraception group compared with the placebo group (1 [interquartile range, 1–2] vs 8 [interquartile range, 1–28], p = 0.007). ConclusionsThe combination injectable contraception interrupted bothersome uterine bleeding/spotting in contraceptive implant(s) users compared with placebo. However, this effect was limited only within the month when the treatment was administered. ImplicationsBothersome uterine bleeding/spotting is a common side effect leading to contraceptive implant(s) discontinuation. In implant users experiencing these symptoms with no estrogen contraindications, a combined injectable contraception appears to rapidly improve bleeding for the duration of injectable exposure (1 month).

Efektivitas Senam Zumba Terhadap Penurunan Efek Samping Kenaikan Berat Badan Pada Akseptor Suntik KB 3 Bulan Di PMB Muslikhatun

Injectable contraception does not cause problems but still has drawbacks and side effects. A 3-month injectable birth control acceptor, some time after using the contraception, sometimes experiences several problems such as headaches, menstrual disorders and weight gain or loss. Zumba exercises have movements that are able to move the abdominal and gluteal muscles with light abilities, up to 60 minutes in duration. can break down fat stores in the body. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Zumba gymnastics on reducing the side effects of weight gain in 3-month injectable birth control acceptors.&#x0D; The design used in this study was quasi-experimental. The research design used was one group pre-test-post test design. The sample in this study was 44 respondents. Data analysis in this study used the Wilcoxon test.&#x0D; The results of the Wilcoxon test above show that a significant value &lt;0.05 with a Zcount value of 3.051 &gt; Z table 0.208 means that H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected, that is, there is an effect of giving Zuma gymnastics on weight loss in 3-month injection family planning acceptors at PMB Muslikhatun.