Initial Review Research Articles

Anticipatory action for drought in the Sahel: an innovation for drought risk management or a buzzword?

Anticipatory action is an approach that combines early warning information with flexible, pre-positioned funds to trigger actions that mitigate the impact of predictable shocks on the most vulnerable people. Historically, drought is the climatic hazard that led to the highest and most severe humanitarian impacts in the Sahel. This region, according to climate projections, will be one of the most deeply affected by climate change in future years, leading to considerable changes to societies, economies, as well as impacting rural communities. While this negative projection may lead to further increases in humanitarian consequences, recent experiences from integrating anticipatory action for drought into humanitarian practice hold positive prospects. This article will review current experiences on anticipatory action for drought in the Sahel and shed light on whether this approach has brought innovation in local disaster risk management. Through the review of recent initiatives in Burkina Faso, Chad and Niger, this paper highlights key advancements as well as gaps and challenges pertaining to key components of anticipatory action and disaster risk management, namely: (1) data, risk analysis and early warning; (2) funding; (3) preparedness and community engagement; (4) learning, coordination and partnership; (5) policies and institutional frameworks. Even in challenging environments like in the Sahel, anticipatory action for drought can become an integral component of standard disaster risk management and financing strategies. However, this process will require more robust evidence about which ingredients of anticipatory action approaches lead to the desired result.

A review based knowledge organization supported research framework for digital storytelling from travel records

Purpose This study presents a review based research framework that aims to influence memory institutions in their projects on digital storytelling from digitized ancient travel records. This study aims to influence research and policymaking related to design and delivery of services based on memory institutions’ collections of historical records. Design/methodology/approach The demonstrated research framework has been synthesized using inputs from a review of existing studies on the domain accompanied by a short survey created for collecting the opinion of selected experts. Studies demonstrating utilization of semantic web technologies and those that can influence policymaking related to digital storytelling were primarily reviewed. Findings The core tasks behind digital storytelling vary depending on the project goals. So, a two-part framework had to be proposed that covers the generic fundamental tasks with diverse applicability and digital storytelling related specific tasks separately. Also during the review, it was found that studies demonstrating the use of travel records for digital storytelling were less in number compared to studies using digital storytelling for tourism in general. Originality/value The demonstrated research framework can guide memory institutions in exposing their travel-related holdings to a wider audience using innovative semantic web technologies and open up avenues for future empirical research thereby adding to the novelty of the presented research. Also, reviews of articles on digital storytelling or digital humanities in general exist, but, review of digital storytelling initiatives focusing specifically on tourism and travel literature is scarce.

Newly Graduated Physical Education Teachers’ Experiences of and Readiness for Professional Practice: A Scoping Review

This scoping review examines previously published research on newly graduated physical education (PE) teachers in an effort to describe the scope and types of the empirical studies, perspectives and understandings concerning this population’s experiences of and readiness for the performative and organisational aspects of professional practice. Following an initial review of 71 studies, a total of 16 published studies were found to be eligible for inclusion in the review. A five-step qualitative content analysis then identified the important features of the data related to the stated aim of the review. Prior studies determined newly graduated PE teachers to be qualified in their field, although their professional practice depends on other people’s participation and cooperation within the school environment. A problem-oriented trend was observed in the research data when newly graduated PE teachers were asked to elaborate on their experiences. Moreover, a knowledge gapwas identified in terms of newly graduated PE teachers and their varied experiences of the inductionphase of their professional practice.

Reforming Criminal Justice: An Analysis of Bail System Inequities and Proposals for Change

This paper critically examines the inequities prevalent in the current bail system within the framework of criminal justice. Delving into the historical evolution and purpose of bail, the analysis exposes the disparities affecting diverse demographic groups. Through a meticulous exploration of the consequences arising from these inequities, the paper underscores their profound social and economic impact on individuals, families, and communities. Building upon a comprehensive review of past and ongoing reform initiatives, the study evaluates their efficacy, drawing valuable lessons to inform future proposals. In response to identified shortcomings, evidence-based reform recommendations are presented, grounded in legal considerations, societal implications, and proven best practices. The proposed reforms emphasize the necessity of a balanced and fair approach that upholds the rights of defendants while addressing broader concerns of public safety. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on criminal justice reform by providing a thorough analysis and viable solutions to rectify the inherent inequities within the bail system.

A new method to identify key match-play behaviours of young soccer players: Development of the Hull Soccer Behavioural Scoring Tool.

The aim of this research was to assess the validity and reliability of a newly developed scoring tool, designed for monitoring youth soccer players during match-play performance to support coaches/scouts with the talent identification process. The method used to design the Hull Soccer Behavioural Scoring Tool comprised of a five-stage process of (i) conducting an initial literature review to establish content validity (ii) gaining content validity through a cross sectional online survey (iii) establishing face validity via expert coach feedback (iv) conducting inter-rater reliability tests and (v) intra-rater reliability tests. In stage two, twenty-two soccer academy practitioners completed an online survey, which revealed that player behaviours such as resilience, competitiveness, and decision making were all valued as the most important behavioural characteristics by practitioners (90.9%), whilst X-factor was valued as least important by a significant amount (27.2%). Stages three to five of the testing procedure included a sample of four academy coaches not involved in the preceding stage. Twenty male collegiate soccer players (under-16 to under-18) involved in the study took part in four versus four small-sided games (SSG) in a 'round-robin' tournament across three weeks which accumulated 14 SSG's, 100-140 minutes of playing time and 70-98 individual player grades. Two of the four academy coaches watched the SSG's and used the Hull Soccer Behavioural Scoring Tool to assess live evidence of desirable player behaviours, which was subsequently followed by retrospective video analysis for intra-rater reliability testing. The remaining two academy coaches watched the same SSG retrospective video footage to test for inter-rater reliability. Reliability results revealed an acceptable level of agreement with scores between 81.25%-89.9% for inter-rater whilst intra-rater provided scores between 80.35%-99.4%. Preliminary evidence here suggests that the Hull Soccer Behavioural Scoring Tool is both a valid and reliable method to assess desirable player behaviours during talent identification processes. Thus, youth soccer practitioners and researchers should seek to test and further validate the tool in order to confirm its utility as a means of measuring behavioural characteristics of youth soccer players.

Through each other's eyes: initial results and protocol for the co-design of an observational measure of adolescent-parent interaction using first-person perspective

BackgroundCurrent observational methods to understand adolescent-parent interaction are limited in terms of ecological and content validity. We outline initial results and a protocol for future work from a programme of work to: (1) establish a new method for data capture of adolescent-parent interaction at home using wearable cameras and; (2) develop a new relevant and comprehensive observational micro-coding scheme. In Part 1, we report our completed preliminary work, comprised of an initial scoping review, and public engagement work. In Part 2, we present a protocol for the development of the new measure.MethodsPart 1—We searched Pubmed for existing observational measures of adolescent-parent interaction for the scoping review. We also undertook public engagement work utilising a mobile research van, taken to multiple locations around Bristol, UK to engage with a variety of populations through interactive methods. Part 2—Our protocol describes plans for: (1) A systematic review of the psychometric properties of observational measures of adolescent-parent interaction; (2) Focussed public engagement workshops; (3) Harmonisation of information from existing coding schemes and literature with information from public engagement with adolescents and parents; (4) A pilot study to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the method; (5) Development of a coding scheme in consultation with expert and lay panels, and through real-life application to recorded videos from a pilot sample.ResultsScoping review: we identified 21 adolescent-parent observational schemes, of which eight used micro-coding and 13 used globalcoding schemes. The majority of micro-coding schemes were not developed specifically for adolescents. Most studies used conflict or problem-solving tasks, which may not adequately capture positive adolescent-parent interactions. The mobile van event received views from 234 young people and/or parents. Families were positive about taking part in research using headcams. “Trust” and “understanding” were most frequently reported as important adolescent-parent relationship constructs.ConclusionsThis work represents the first attempt to truly co-design a method to assess parenting in adolescence. We hope to develop an observational measure using novel technological methods that can be used across a range of research and therapeutic settings.

A science-based heuristic to guide sector-level SDG investment strategy

ABSTRACT Aligning investments with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been a longstanding ambition for many private investors. The assessment of corporate impact on the SDGs is not a trivial task, and most present-day attempts often overlook SDG interactions, and lack scientific anchoring and transparency. We present an evidence-based review approach for investors to assess sector-level impacts on individual SDGs, and score these using a traffic-light system. Our initial review documents impacts of 81 economic sectors on SDGs 1-16. Results show that environmental SDGs are impacted negatively by most economic sectors, and that primary sector activities negatively impact the highest number of SDGs. Using the agricultural sector as a case, we draw on Causal Loop methodology to illustrate spillovers resulting from SDG interactions. Our findings point to three key considerations of relevance for sustainable investment strategies; the necessity to capture ‘impact shadows’, spillovers across SDGs, and the hierarchical nature of the SDGs.

Recommendations to address respondent burden associated with patient-reported outcome assessment.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in healthcare research to provide evidence of the benefits and risks of interventions from the patient perspective and to inform regulatory decisions and health policy. The use of PROs in clinical practice can facilitate symptom monitoring, tailor care to individual needs, aid clinical decision-making and inform value-based healthcare initiatives. Despite their benefits, there are concerns that the potential burden on respondents may reduce their willingness to complete PROs, with potential impact on the completeness and quality of the data for decision-making. We therefore conducted an initial literature review to generate a list of candidate recommendations aimed at reducing respondent burden. This was followed by a two-stage Delphi survey by an international multi-stakeholder group. A consensus meeting was held to finalize the recommendations. The final consensus statement includes 19 recommendations to address PRO respondent burden in healthcare research and clinical practice. If implemented, these recommendations may reduce PRO respondent burden.

Navigating Diagnostic Challenges: Chronic Anemia Leading to the Diagnosis of Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE) in the Absence of Typical Symptoms

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare acquired vascular dysplasia usually associated with portal hypertension or CREST syndrome. Here we present a case of a 62-year-old female with no significant related comorbidities who presented to our clinic due to severe acute on chronic anemia. On initial review of systems, the only complaint the patient had was fatigue, shortness of breath and being lightheaded. Patient denied hematochezia or melena, no hematemesis or other gastrointestinal complaints, no history of NSAIDs or aspirin use. Initial labs were significant for iron-deficiency anemia with hemoglobin of 8.5 g/ dL. Recent colonoscopy was non diagnostic for the cause of anemia as well. Due to unrevealing previous workup patient was referred to gastroenterologist and undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with findings of ecstatic vessels in stomach antrum suggestive of GAVE, successfully treated with argon plasma coagulation. Total in a span of 4 years due to recurrence of anemia patient required 3 EGDs, while GAVE was successfully treated each time with argon plasma coagulation. Due to absence of gastrointestinal (GI) complaints patient was recommended to have regular laboratory workup to monitor for silent blood loss. This atypical presentation of upper GI bleeding warrants physicians to refer patients to gastroenterologists to perform EGD for further evaluation and treatment in cases of unknown etiology of iron deficiency anemia even in the absence of gastrointestinal (GI) complaints and non-revealing previous GI workup with colonoscopy

Green bonds in climate finance: A review of USA and African initiatives

Green Bonds have emerged as a pivotal instrument in climate finance, facilitating the transition towards a sustainable and low-carbon economy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of Green Bond initiatives in both the United States and Africa, shedding light on the distinct trajectories, challenges, and opportunities within these regions. In the United States, Green Bonds have gained substantial traction as a financial mechanism to support environmentally friendly projects. The review explores the regulatory framework, market dynamics, and the role of key stakeholders in shaping the landscape of Green Bonds in the U.S. The analysis delves into the impact of policy developments, such as the Biden administration's commitment to climate action, on the growth and diversification of Green Bond issuance. Additionally, it examines the investor perspective and the evolving disclosure standards that contribute to the transparency and credibility of these financial instruments. On the African continent, Green Bonds have emerged as a critical tool for mobilizing capital to address climate-related challenges while promoting sustainable development. The paper highlights the unique challenges faced by African nations, including limited financial infrastructure and the need for capacity building. It discusses the role of international partnerships and multilateral institutions in supporting African countries in their endeavors to issue Green Bonds. The review also explores how these financial instruments contribute to the continent's broader climate resilience and mitigation strategies. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of aligning Green Bond initiatives with broader sustainable development goals, ensuring that the financing mechanisms not only address climate change but also contribute to social and economic development. It discusses the potential for innovation in structuring Green Bonds to attract diverse investors and foster inclusivity in climate finance. This paper provides a nuanced overview of Green Bond initiatives in the United States and Africa, offering insights into the diverse strategies employed, challenges faced, and the broader implications for climate finance. The comparative analysis aims to inform policymakers, investors, and stakeholders, fostering a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of Green Bonds in these distinct yet interconnected regions.

Technology in community development: A comparative review of USA and African Projects

This paper conducts a comprehensive comparative review of technology-driven community development initiatives in the United States and various regions across Africa. The study aims to shed light on the diverse approaches and outcomes of projects leveraging technology to empower communities in different socio-cultural and economic contexts. The review begins by examining the landscape of community development in both the USA and Africa, emphasizing the challenges faced by urban and rural communities alike. It establishes a foundation for understanding the increasing role of technology in addressing these challenges, framing it as a dynamic and evolving field with vast potential for positive impact. Key findings from the comparative analysis are distilled, emphasizing the importance of context-specific approaches in technology-driven community development. Projects that demonstrate a nuanced understanding of local needs, cultural dynamics, and infrastructural realities exhibit greater success. The review underscores that successful implementation requires more than the transfer of technology; it demands a deep integration into the fabric of community life. The paper also touches upon overarching insights, highlighting the transformative power of technology when thoughtfully applied to community development. It acknowledges the significance of community engagement, adaptability, and a holistic understanding of local nuances as critical factors influencing project success. In concluding remarks, the paper encourages continued research and collaboration. It recognizes the ongoing journey towards harnessing technology's potential for global community empowerment and emphasizes the importance of cross-cultural partnerships, interdisciplinary collaboration, and knowledge sharing. Ultimately, the paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on technology in community development, offering insights that can inform future projects, policies, and academic pursuits in this dynamic field.

PHQ-9 and GAD-7 Score Response After Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Currently, the relationship between parathyroidectomy and objective neuropsychiatric outcomes are not clearly defined. The purpose of this study is to perform the first ever Meta-analysis of preoperative and postoperative PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy with the goal of identifying a specific psychometric score that could be used as an indication for surgical intervention. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Ovid All EBM Reviews. Studies met inclusion criteria if they evaluated preoperative and postoperative PHQ-9 and/or GAD-7 scores in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy. Random effects Meta-analyses were used to analyze the compiled data. The literature search returned 1433 articles for initial review of which 6 (1105 participants) met criteria for inclusion and Meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that primary hyperparathyroidism patients had significantly higher presurgical PHQ-9 scores when compared to control groups. Additionally, patients experienced a statistically significant and sustained decrease in PHQ-9 scores following parathyroidectomy. Notably, there was a dramatic decrease in the percentage of patients with PHQ-9 scores ≥10 (considered clinically significant for depression) following parathyroidectomy. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism experience a statistically significant and sustained improvement in PHQ-9 scores following parathyroidectomy. Additionally, symptoms of anxiety and suicidal ideation appear to decrease after parathyroidectomy. We propose that a PHQ-9 score ≥10 could potentially be used as an indication for parathyroidectomy in patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.

Promoting Vaccinations in Pregnancy: Results of a Systematic Literature Review of Italian Initiatives.

Pregnant women and infants inherently face heightened susceptibility to complications resulting from infectious diseases. Within these populations, vaccinations offer numerous advantages. This systematic review endeavors to comprehensively analyze the existing literature concerning interventions designed to promote vaccinations among pregnant women and newborns in Italy. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for primary studies published until 3 August 2023 which assessed the impact of vaccination education interventions targeting pregnant Italian women. Data extraction, pooling, and a quality appraisal of the included studies were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Among the 528 articles identified, 3 met the inclusion criteria and focused on pregnant women aged 25 to 40 attending pre-delivery courses. In these studies, the effectiveness of the interventions was assessed using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires that investigated knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding recommended vaccinations. The results reveal significant increases in intention and adherence to vaccination among participants after these interventions. The results underscore the positive influence of health professionals' educational initiatives on pregnant Italian women's vaccination knowledge and attitudes. However, longitudinal studies with larger representative samples are needed to validate these findings and identify potential avenues for improving maternal educational interventions.

Production and Operation Management of Women Entrepreneurs through MSME in India

The empowerment of women entrepreneurs is integral to fostering inclusive economic growth and development. Women’s leadership development in entrepreneurial business through MSME is critical to improving women’s participation in production and operation management in India. This study provides an overview of the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in India and explores the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises as catalysts for unlocking their untapped potential. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature, government policies, and initiatives, this study delves into the key factors influencing the entrepreneurial landscape for women in India.

Epidemiological findings, estimates of the instantaneous reproduction number, and control strategies of the first Mpox outbreak in Latin America

BackgroundThe 2022–2023 period marked the largest global Mpox outbreak, with Latin America's situation notably underexplored. This study aims to estimate Mpox's instantaneous reproduction number (R(t)), analyze epidemiological trends, and map vaccination efforts in six Latin American countries. MethodsUtilizing Pan American Health Organization Mpox surveillance data, we examined demographic characteristics, cumulative incidence rates, and epidemic curves, calculated R(t) with weekly sliding windows for each country, alongside a review of vaccination initiatives. ResultsFrom 2022 to 2023, 25,503 Mpox cases and 71 deaths were reported across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, with a significant majority (91.8%–98.5%) affecting men, with a mean age of 32–35 years. Maximum R(t) values varied across countries: Argentina (2.63; 0.85 to 5.39), Brazil (3.13; 2.61 to 3.69), Chile (2.91; 1.55 to 4.70), Colombia (3.15; 2.07 to 4.44), Mexico (2.28; 1.18 to 3.75), and Peru (2.84; 2.33 to 3.40). The epidemic's peak occurred between August and September 2022 with R(t) values subsequently dropping below 1. From November 2022, and as of February 2024, only Chile, Peru, and Brazil had initiated Mpox vaccination campaigns, with Colombia launching a Clinical Trial. ConclusionThe peak of the Mpox epidemic in the studied countries occurred before the commencement of vaccination programs. This trend may be then partly attributed to a combination of behavioral modifications in key affected communities and contact tracing local programs. Therefore, the proportion of the at-risk population that remains susceptible is still uncertain, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and evaluation of vaccination strategies.

Opioids and Youth Athletes.

The ongoing opioid epidemic and associated adverse effects impart a large burden on our current healthcare system. The annual economic and noneconomic cost of opioid use disorder and fatal opioid overdose is currently estimated at $1 trillion. This review presents the prevalence, frequency of use, need, and effectiveness of opioid analgesia in the youth and adolescent athlete population. It identifies current indications for opioid versus nonopioid analgesic use in the setting of acute orthopaedic injuries, postoperative management, concussion, and chronic pain. Current knowledge of youth athlete opioid use, risks related to use, misuse, diversion, and addiction are reviewed. A PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library search was conducted in February 2023 to review opioid pain management strategies in the pediatric athlete population from 2000 to present. Searches were restricted to English language articles and human subjects. Initial reviews of titles and abstracts were performed by all authors and relevant full-text articles were selected. Priority was given to systematic and narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and prospective studies. Narrative review. Level 3. First author name, publication year, study design, study country, subject demographics, and data on the frequency, type, and duration of analgesic treatments for musculoskeletal injuries, postsurgical care, chronic pain disorders, and concussion were extracted. Pediatric athletes comprise a high-risk population seeking analgesic relief for injury-related pain. Participation in high school sports is associated with increased risk of opioid use. An average of 28% to 46% of high school athletes have used opioids in their lifetime. Participation in ≥1 high school sport puts adolescents at 30% greater odds of future opioid misuse. The use of opioids in the pediatric athlete population is common and associated with both short- and long-term risks of misuse and addiction.

WhatsApp — what’s that?

AbstractIn this, the second iteration of our continuing ‘Harbingers of Change’ project, over 160 early career researchers (ECRs) from eight countries were questioned about their scholarly communications. Three repeat in‐depth interviews were conducted over 2 years of the pandemic to chart changes in attitude and behaviour. This paper provides interview findings (and an extensive literature review) regarding the role played by social media platforms. It was prompted by an initial review of the data that highlighted significant changes in the attitudes and behaviour of Malaysian ECRs, especially in respect to WhatsApp. Data were provided from several open‐ended interview questions about social media, a few interviewer prompts for individual platform names, and, indirectly, from ‘mentions’ of individual platforms in answers to a range of questions about scholarly communications. Findings were: (1) 15 platforms were mentioned in respect to a range of scholarly activities, most notably visibility and reach; (2) Twitter (now X) was the most mentioned, by half the ECRs; (3) ‘churn’ is a notable observation, with large gains and losses in mentions occurring between interviews; (4) large differences between countries, with Malaysian ECRs very much leading on the adoption of social media and largely responsible for the rise of WhatsApp, French ECRs showing little interest, and China a different space where WeChat reigns supreme and foreign platforms are blocked.

Integrating new approaches to care in a vascular wound clinic

IntroductionAn evidence-based approach is essential in the treatment of wounds to optimise healing, reduce costs and improve patient outcomes. AimThis case study aimed to demonstrate our model of care, which assesses and manages patients with venous disease and complex wounds. In this case, venous leg ulcer (VLU) was treated with TLC-NOSF dressing and therapeutic compression. The wound was serially assessed using a smart App that gave the patient a graphic representation of their progress. DesignDescriptive Observational Case Study. Clinical careAn evidence-based approach for managing a chronic, severe VLU. The patient was initially seen at the Outpatient Vascular Wound Clinic twice weekly, then every two weeks for conservative sharp wound debridement, skin care, dressing change, and compression therapy using a compression (Ready) wrap. Wound progress was monitored by the digital application ‘Tissue Analytics’, a “purposedesigned digital wound management platform that records, tracks, and analyses wounds”. ResultsWeek 1: On initial review, ulcer length was 3.15cm, width was 3.1 cm, and total surface area was 6.31 cm2. The wound base was mildly sloughy (<25%), with areas of good granulation tissue on view.Week 12: Length was 1.32 cm, width 1.50 cm, and total surface area of 1.45 cm2, a 77% reduction in wound size.Week 24: The length was 0.48 cm, the width was 0.64 cm, and the total surface area was 0.18 cm2. This represented a 97% reduction in wound size.Week 36: Length was 0.01 cm, the width 0.06 cm, with a total surface area of 0.00 cm2. This represented a 99.99% reduction in wound size. ConclusionThe patient’s treatment for a complex venous leg ulcer included the application of TLC-NOSF dressing in combination with individualised therapeutic compression therapy. We found TLC-NOSF was very effective in combination with the best standard of VLU care (i.e. therapeutic graduated compression therapy). The clinician and patient were impressed with the healing rate at 12 weeks, as the wound dimensions were the lowest since the wound started six years ago. This dramatically improved patient concordance and engagement in care. Despite incomplete healing at 36 weeks, the wound-healing journey over the 36 weeks indicated wound closure was close. In addition, using a wound assessment App, the patient could immediately see the benefits of the new treatment, facilitating patient compliance with the treatment.

Financial literacy and community empowerment: A review of volunteer accounting initiatives in low-income areas

Financial literacy plays a pivotal role in fostering economic stability and empowerment, particularly in low-income communities facing unique challenges. This review explores the impact of volunteer accounting initiatives as a means of addressing financial literacy disparities in such areas. With a comprehensive literature review as a foundation, the study investigates the effectiveness of volunteer-led efforts in empowering communities through enhanced financial knowledge. Challenges faced by volunteer accountants in low-income areas are examined, providing valuable insights into the obstacles that must be overcome for sustained success. Lessons learned from successful initiatives contribute to recommendations for addressing these challenges, offering guidance for the development and implementation of future volunteer-led programs. The study delves into the connection between financial literacy and community empowerment, emphasizing the long-term impact of volunteer accounting initiatives on the economic well-being of low-income communities. It concludes with policy implications for decision-makers, advocating for the integration of financial literacy into community programs and the support of volunteer initiatives. The paper highlights the significance of this review in bridging gaps in existing literature and offers a roadmap for future research on financial literacy and community development in low-income areas.

Early experience in use of videolaryngoscopy by a neonatal pre-hospital and retrieval service.

To describe initial experience with use of the Glidescope Go videolaryngoscope by an Australian neonatal pre-hospital and retrieval service. We conducted a 31-month retrospective review of an airway registry for neonates intubated by MedSTAR Kids clinicians. Twenty-two patients were intubated using the Glidescope Go, compared with 50 using direct laryngoscopy. First-pass success was 17/22 (77.3%) with the Glidescope Go and 38/50 (76%) with direct laryngoscopy. Complications occurred in 7/22 (32%) and 8/50 (16%), respectively. On initial review of this practice change, videolaryngoscopy allows neonatal tracheal intubation with a comparable success rate to direct laryngoscopy in a pre-hospital and retrieval setting.