Initial Process Research Articles

Flexible letter-position coding in Chinese-English L2 bilinguals: Evidence from eye movements.

Theories suggest that efficient recognition of English words depends on flexible letter-position coding, demonstrated by the fact that transposed-letter primes (e.g., JUGDE-judge) facilitate written word recognition more than substituted-letter primes (e.g., JUFBE-judge). The multiple route model predicts that reading experience should drive more flexible letter-position coding as readers transition from decoding words letter-by-letter to recognising words as wholes. This study therefore examined whether letter-position is coded flexibly in second-language English sentence reading for native Chinese speakers, and if this is influenced by English proficiency. Eye movements were measured while 54 adult native Chinese speakers read English sentences including either a real word (e.g., cheaply), a transposed-letter nonword (e.g., "chepaly"), or a substituted-letter nonword (e.g., "chegely"). Flexible letter-position coding was observed in initial and later processing stages-reading times were longer for substituted-letter than transposed-letter nonwords. In addition, reading times were longer in both initial and later processing stages for transposed-letter nonwords than real words, indicating that, despite encoding letter-position flexibly, readers processed letter-position. Although pre-registered frequentist analyses suggested that English proficiency did not predict overall reading times, Bayes Factors indicated that there was evidence for such a relationship. It is therefore likely that this proficiency analysis suffered from low power. Finally, neither frequentist nor Bayes Factor analyses suggested that English proficiency influenced the difference in reading times between different target word types, i.e., the nature of letter-position coding. Overall, these results suggest that highly proficient L2 learners code letter-position flexibly.

Russian fisheries in 2000–2020

Purpose of the work: analysis of the development of fisheries development in Russia in the first two decades of the 21st century, assessment of stock state and catches of fish resources, and identification of major factors of influence on these resources and fisheries. Methods used: the main source of information on the production in Russian fisheries was annual data on catches of fish and other aquatic biological resources and data on aquaculture production — Form No. 1-P (fish). Сatches and yields of fish resources were analyzed based on the operative reporting of enterprises and data of the industry monitoring system. For access and initial processing, the FMS analyst software was used.Novelty: an analysis of the regulatory and legal framework development is presented, materials from Russian fisheries for 2000–2020 are summarized and analyzed.Practical significance: the development of any type of economic activity is a continuous, but heterogeneous process, with periods of growth and decline of varying duration. Fishery is no exception. Throughout its history, the industrial fisheries in Russia have gone through a series of stages associated with changes in fisheries technology and evolution of fishing vessel design. The development of industrial fisheries was also related to such objective conditions as long-term climate changes, which influenced the state of fisheries resources.

Exercise therapy, education, and cognitive behavioral therapy alone, or in combination with total knee arthroplasty, in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized feasibility study

BackgroundOne in five patients experience chronic pain 1 year after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), highlighting the need for enhanced treatment strategies to improve outcomes. This feasibility trial aimed to optimize the content and delivery of a complex intervention tailored to osteoarthritis (OA) patients at risk of poor outcome after TKA and assess the feasibility of initiating a full-scale multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT).MethodsPatients scheduled for TKA were included between August 2019 and June 2020 and block-randomized into one of three groups: (a) 12-week exercise therapy and education (ExE) and 10-module internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), (b) TKA followed by ExE and iCBT and (c) TKA and standard postoperative care. Outcomes were (i) recruitment and retention rate, (ii) compliance to the intervention and follow-up, (iii) crossover, and (iv) adverse events, reported by descriptive statistics.ResultsFifteen patients were included in the study. Only 1 out of 146 patients screened for eligibility was included during the first 4 months. During the next 3 months, 117 patients were not included since they lived too far from the hospital. To increase the recruitment rate, we made three amendments to the inclusion criteria; (1) at-risk screening of poor TKA outcome was removed as an eligibility criterion, (2) patients across the country could be included in the study and (3) physiotherapists without specific certification were included, receiving thorough information and support. No patients withdrew from the study or crossed over to surgery during the first year. Nine out of 10 patients completed the ExE program and six out of 10 completed the iCBT program. Fourteen out of 15 patients completed the 1-year follow-up. One minor adverse event was registered.ConclusionsExcept for recruitment and compliance to iCBT, feasibility was demonstrated. The initial recruitment process was challenging, and necessary changes were made to increase the recruitment rate. The findings informed how a definitive RCT should be undertaken to test the effectiveness of the complex intervention.Trial registrationThe MultiKnee RCT, including the feasibility study, is pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03771430 11/12/2018.

A Multi-Rate Simulation Strategy Based on the Modified Time-Domain Simulation Method and Multi-Area Data Exchange Method of Power Systems

Accurate modeling for power-electronic devices requires power systems to be simulated with considerably small step sizes (typically several microseconds), which causes unnecessary computational burden and reduces efficiency, especially for large-scale power systems. To achieve a balance between simulation precision and efficiency, this paper introduces an innovative multi-rate interface strategy based on the modified time-domain simulation (TDS) method and multi-area data exchange method. The modified TDS method transforms the initialization process into exchange of electric data among different subsystems, while the multi-area data exchange method is able to ensure numerical stability and simulation universality during the multi-rate simulation. The proposed strategy provides a robust interface that allows different subsystems to be engaged in simulations with different step sizes while exchanging data. To validate this strategy, simulations on an integrated system of IEEE 14-bus and 33-bus systems is conducted. In addition, the strategy is further applied to a real-world scenario of the subsystem in the Guangxi Power Grid in China. Analysis of the results indicates that the proposed multi-rate fast simulation strategy can significantly boost simulation efficiency while maintaining accuracy, which marks a notable improvement compared with the traditional single step size simulation.

Modern software capabilities for shape optimization of shells

The article is devoted to the shape optimization of shell structures in Comsol Multiphysics using three gradient-based methods: IPOPT (Interior Point OPTimizer), SNOPT (Sparse Nonlinear OPTimizer) and MMA or GCMMA (the Method of Moving Asymptotes). Two types of complex shapes, such as right helicoid and developable helicoid are taken for the computational experiment. The task is to investigate the initial design and optimization process of two helicoids. To obtain a more accurate result and an interesting design solution, the calculation is carried out using three physics-controlled mesh sizes: extra coarse, fine and extra fine with varying values of special optimization settings, such as maximum displacement (dmax) and filter radius (Rmin). The results obtained using the three methods allow to conclude that the mesh element size and studied parameters dmax and Rmin have a significant impact on the final optimization result.

Evaluation of mechanical properties, heating rate and radio frequency explosive puffing (RFEP) quality of purple sweet potato under different moisture contents and moisture equilibrium process

The effects of different initial moisture contents (15–55%) and moisture equilibrium process (MEP) on the mechanical properties of the gas-blocking surface layer of purple sweet potato chips and the radio frequency (RF) heating rate, uniformity, and radio frequency explosion puffing (RFEP) quality were discussed in this article. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that hot-air pre-drying reduced the amount of free water and caused the transfer of immovable water to bound water. This process was accompanied by an increase in the thickness and elastic modulus of the gas-blocking surface layer, resulting in a significant increase in the RF heating rate and uniformity. Prolonged RF heating time led to a decrease in anthocyanin content. The results demonstrated that the puffing rate initially increased and then decreased with increasing initial moisture content. The puffed sample with an initial moisture content of 45% exhibited the highest puffing rate, crispiness, and porosity. X-ray micro-tomography results reveal that MEP improved the morphology of puffed products, ensuring even distribution of small pores and reducing the presence of hard edges. In conclusion, considering the heating time and anthocyanin retention rate, the initial moisture content ranges from 35% to 45% after MEP was the best pre-treatment.

A Framework for Deepening Racial Equity in Prenatal-Grade Three Systems: Lessons From a 10-Year Reflective Case Study

This paper uses a reflective, retrospective case study methodology to analyze data from a 10-year University-Community partnership focused on supporting implementation and improvement of a Prenatal-Grade 3 (P3) system in an elementary school. Using a framework for centering equity in Collective Impact approaches, we analyze the steps we took as research partners/program evaluators to address racial and other inequities while highlighting missed opportunities to better center racial equity in the evaluation and P3 Initiative work. Through our analysis, we seek to identify where and how racial inequities surfaced, to describe how systemic racism influenced the evaluation and P3 Initiative process, and how this served to perpetuate the status quo and prevent transformative systems change. Results speak to opportunities for researchers, funders, and policymakers to identify and disrupt conventionally-accepted approaches to educational research and to work more effectively to advance educational equity for children and their families.

Investigation of co-induced crack initiation process by prestressed slotting and rotating-bending in low-stress cropping

Investigation of co-induced crack initiation process by prestressed slotting and rotating-bending in low-stress cropping

Sall genes regulate hindlimb initiation in mouse embryos.

Vertebrate limbs start to develop as paired protrusions from the lateral plate mesoderm at specific locations of the body with forelimb buds developing anteriorly and hindlimb buds posteriorly. During the initiation process, limb progenitor cells maintain active proliferation to form protrusions and start to express Fgf10, which triggers molecular processes for outgrowth and patterning. Although both processes occur in both types of limbs, forelimbs (Tbx5), and hindlimbs (Isl1) utilize distinct transcriptional systems to trigger their development. Here, we report that Sall1 and Sall4, zinc finger transcription factor genes, regulate hindlimb initiation in mouse embryos. Compared to the 100% frequency loss of hindlimb buds in TCre; Isl1 conditional knockouts, Hoxb6Cre; Isl1 conditional knockout causes a hypomorphic phenotype with only approximately 5% of mutants lacking the hindlimb. Our previous study of SALL4 ChIP-seq showed SALL4 enrichment in an Isl1 enhancer, suggesting that SALL4 acts upstream of Isl1. Removing 1 allele of Sall4 from the hypomorphic Hoxb6Cre; Isl1 mutant background caused loss of hindlimbs, but removing both alleles caused an even higher frequency of loss of hindlimbs, suggesting a genetic interaction between Sall4 and Isl1. Furthermore, TCre-mediated conditional double knockouts of Sall1 and Sall4 displayed a loss of expression of hindlimb progenitor markers (Isl1, Pitx1, Tbx4) and failed to develop hindlimbs, demonstrating functional redundancy between Sall1 and Sall4. Our data provides genetic evidence that Sall1 and Sall4 act as master regulators of hindlimb initiation.

Unveiling charge compensation mechanisms in Na2/3MgxNi1/3-xMn2/3O2 cathode materials: insights into cationic and anionic redox

P2-type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode material for sodium-ion batteries exhibits negligible voltage hysteresis during charge and discharge cycles, with oxygen redox mechanisms playing a pivotal, non-negligible role. Conversely, for the Na2/3Mg1/3Mn2/3O2 material featuring Mg substitution for Ni, O redox largely governs the entire charge and discharge process, accompanied by a pronounced voltage hysteresis. Upon combining these two materials – Na2/3MgxNi1/3-xMn2/3O2 – the transition metal and O redox processes, constituting the charge compensation mechanism, become paramount. These phenomena underscore the transition metal's influence on anionic redox, a topic with limited in-depth exploration in the existing literature. Within this study, we synthesized two materials, Na2/3Mg1/9Ni2/9Mn2/3O2 and Na2/3Mg2/9Ni1/9Mn2/3O2 (Mg-0.11, Mg-0.22), subsequently probing their transition metal and oxygen redox contributions to electrochemical capacity during the initial and 10th cycle charge and discharge processes by synchrotron-based mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Our findings corroborate the presence of similar O redox contributions in the Mg-substituted materials. Intriguingly, the Mg-0.11 material exhibits a substantial enhancement in O redox following ten cycles, warranting further investigation due to its exceptional multiplicity, cycling performance, minimal voltage hysteresis, and potential impact on advancing sodium-ion battery commercialization.

Prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy using Deep Learning with Preprocessing

INTRODUCTION: When Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is not identified promptly; it frequently results in sight impairment. To properly diagnose and treat DR, preprocessing of picture methods and precise prediction models are essential. With the help of numerous well-liked filters and a Deep CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model, the comprehensive method for DR image preparation and prognosis presented in this research is described. Using the filters that focus boundaries and contours in the ocular pictures is the first step in the initial processing stage. This procedure tries to find anomalies linked to DR. By the usage of filters, the excellence of pictures can be developed and minimize disturbances, preserving critical information. The Deep CNN algorithm has been trained to generate forecasts on the cleaned retinal pictures following the phase of preprocessing. The filters efficiently eliminate interference without sacrificing vital data. Convolutional type layers, pooling type layers, and fully associated layers are used in the CNN framework, which was created especially for image categorization tasks, to acquire data and understand the relationships associated with DR.
 OBJECTIVES: Using image preprocessing techniques such as the Sobel, Wiener, Gaussian, and non-local mean filters is a promising approach for DR analysis. Then, predicting using a CNN completes the approach. These preprocessing filters enhance the images and prepare them for further examination. The pre-processed images are fed into a CNN model. The model extracts significant information from the images by identifying complex patterns. DR or classification may be predicted by the CNN model through training on a labeled dataset.
 METHODS: The Method Preprocessing is employed for enhancing the clarity and difference of retina fundus picture by removing noise and fluctuation. The preprocessing stage is utilized for the normalization of the pictures and non-uniform brightness adjustment in addition to contrast augmentation and noise mitigation to remove noises and improve the rate of precision of the subsequent processing stages.
 RESULTS: To improve image quality and reduce noise, preprocessing techniques including Sobel, Wiener, Gaussian, and non-local mean filters are frequently employed in image processing jobs. For a particular task, the non-local mean filter produces superior results; for enhanced performance, it may be advantageous to combine it with a CNN. Before supplying the processed images to the CNN for prediction, the non-local mean filter can assist reduce noise and improve image details.
 CONCLUSION: A promising method for DR analysis entails the use of image preprocessing methods such as the Sobel, Wiener, Gaussian, and non-local mean filters, followed by prediction using a CNN. These preprocessing filters improve the photos and get them ready for analysis. After being pre-processed, the photos are sent into a CNN model, which uses its capacity to discover intricate patterns to draw out important elements from the images. The CNN model may predict DR or classification by training it on a labeled dataset. The development of computer-aided diagnosis systems for DR is facilitated by the integration of CNN prediction with image preprocessing filters. This strategy may increase the effectiveness of healthcare workers, boost patient outcomes, and lessen the burden of DR.

Heat treatment protocol for additively manufactured nitinol shape memory alloys in biomedical applications

Additive manufacturing (AM) is getting significant attention in realizing customizable nitinol (NiTi) devices for biomedical applications. However, due to the change in composition and constituent phases occurring during printing and the microstructural inhomogeneity in the printed parts, obtaining a desired set of phase transformation behaviors and superelastic properties is a major challenge. In this work, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was used to fabricate NiTi at a very low laser energy density (35 J/mm3) on a titanium base plate while keeping these behaviors and properties within desirable ranges without any structural defects such as crack and delamination. Our measurements showed that the as-printed NiTi exhibited distinct one-step phase transformation with the austenite finish (Af) temperature of 2.1 °C. To increase the Af temperature to 30.2 °C (within the recommended range of Af temperature for biomedical applications), a heat treatment protocol was developed, which includes a solution cycle (at 900 °C for 1 h) followed by an aging cycle (at 450 °C for 30 min). The heat treatment protocol enabled us to attain the homogenized microstructure while creating ultrafine metastable Ni-rich precipitate, Ni4Ti3, which facilitated the desirable phase transformation behavior with the increased Af temperature. The heat-treated sample showed narrower and sharper two-step martensitic phase transformation with the formation of intermediate R-phase. The presence of both Ni4Ti3 and the R-phase was confirmed by the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. In the superelasticity test at the body temperature, these samples, starting from the 2nd cycle, demonstrated a recovery ratio of more than 90% and a recoverable strain of more than 6.5%. After 10th cycles, the stable recoverable strain was 6.52% with a recovery ratio of 96%, which is the highest superelasticity reported for the LPBF processed NiTi to the best of our knowledge. After the initial deformation process, we expect these NiTi samples to attain near full superelasticity during service. The micro-hardness study also showed that the hardness of the heat-treated samples is less affected by the cyclic loading. Therefore, this paper presents a viable heat treatment protocol, which provides an important processing roadmap in making NiTi implants by AM while maintaining excellent functional properties of NiTi for biomedical applications.

The microbial community of coral reefs: biofilm composition on artificial substrates under different environmental conditions

Artificial reefs are used as tools for the restoration of degrading coral reefs by providing new settlement substrates. The initial recruitment process consists of the formation of microbial biofilms shortly after deployment. The aim of the present study is to compare biofilm composition and development on artificial substrates at two different coral-reef sites. These locations differ in their environmental conditions, including their level of anthropogenic impact. Substrate and seawater samples were collected four times during the first 6 months after deployment, using a new methodology termed ‘tab-by-tab’. DNA was extracted, sequenced, and sorted for both prokaryotic (16s) and eukaryotic (18s) genes. No difference was found between the planktonic communities in the water, yet significant differences were observed in the biofilm communities on the structures at the two sites. Moreover, differences were recorded in coral recruitment rates, which are known to be affected by biofilm composition. Our findings suggest a potential role of environmental conditions in the early biofilm stages (first few months), which in turn may impact the succession and development of coral-reef communities and the success of artificial reefs as restoration tools.

Fatigue of 1.5 Single-Shear Lap Joints with Sealant and Corrosion-Inhibiting Compounds

Corrosion-inhibiting compounds (CICs) are a secondary protection method used with aircraft that can reduce the rate of corrosion development. However, CICs can also affect the fatigue life of fastened lap joints. This study uses a 1.5 single-shear lap joint design to investigate fatigue life changes with CIC application. Hi-Lok and rivet fastener types are compared, along with the inclusion of faying surface sealant. It was found that without sealant, the application of CICs increased the fatigue life due to prolonging the crack initiation process. The presence of faying surface sealant led to a reduction in fatigue life for the rivet samples. The Hi-Lok samples saw no change in life due to the squeeze-out of the sealant around the fastener holes. This study provides a foundational understanding of the mechanisms and significance of the change in fatigue life with the presence of CICs and faying surface sealant in a fastened lap joint.

Establishing an Integrative Oncology Service: Essential Aspects of Program Development.

Over the last 2 decades, integrative oncology (IO) has seen exponential growth within cancer care. It aims to combine evidence-based complementary therapies with conventional treatments to improve the well-being and quality of life for individuals dealing with cancer. The proliferation of integrative medicine programs in major cancer centers globally reflects varying approaches shaped by cultural, demographic, and resource-based factors. Drawing upon the expertise of leaders in IO from the Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) Clinical Practice Committee, this manuscript serves as a practical guide for establishing an IO practice. Collating insights from diverse professionals, including oncologists, integrative oncologists, supportive care physicians, researchers, and clinicians, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive roadmap for initiating and advancing IO services. The primary objective is to bridge the gap between conventional cancer care and complementary therapies, fostering a patient-centric approach to address the multifaceted challenges encountered by individuals with cancer. This paper delineates several key sections elucidating different aspects of IO practice. It delves into the core components necessary for an IO service's foundation, outlines the initial medical consultation process, and presents crucial tools essential for successful consultations. By consolidating insights and expertise, this manuscript seeks to facilitate the integration of IO into mainstream cancer care, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and experiences.

Synthesis and investigation of spectroscopic properties of Bodipy derivatives obtained from 2,4-dimethylpyrrole by click reaction

In this study, two Bodipy compounds were synthesized using 2,4-dimethyl pyrrole as a pyrrole derivative. It was desired that both intermediates and target compounds can be obtained purely from these synthesized products, and for this reason, column chromatography was applied at every stage of the synthesis. The products were synthesized by hand and characterized by various methods. First, melting point determination and FT-IR spectra were examined, then, after the analysis of the functional group with FT-IR spectroscopy,1H and 13C-NMR spectra of these compounds were taken. While taking the NMR spectra, deuteuro-chloroform was used as the solvent. These synthesized compounds were shortly named as B1 and B2. After the initial characterization processes, some optical properties of the compounds were examined with UV–vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the effect of solvent on the fluorescence properties of these compounds was investigated.

Enhanced Optimization of Composite Laminates: Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms with Improved Ply-Stacking Sequences.

This study introduces multi-objective genetic algorithms for optimizing the stacking sequence of lightweight composite structures. Notably, significant emphasis is placed on adhering to engineering design guidelines specific to stacking sequence design. These guidelines are effectively integrated into the optimization problem formulation as either constraints or additional objectives. To enhance the initialization process, a novel strategy is proposed based on mechanical considerations. The method is then applied to optimize a composite laminate in terms of weight, inverse reserve factor, and buckling load factor. Three laminates were considered, and the influence of the design and the material composition on their mechanical properties were studied. This research demonstrated that a new stacking sequence [906/454/06] resulted in improved optimum designs compared to the traditional stacking sequence comprising plies at 0°, 45°, and 90° angles. These outcomes can be deemed the optimum stacking sequence, making them valuable for future applications in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) structures.

Lived experiences of genetic diagnosis for rare disease patients: a qualitative interview study

BackgroundGenetic diagnosis is often understood as a single event within the care pathway of rare disease patients. Legal, policy and ethical scholarship focusing on rare diseases and genetic information discusses questions of how to best deal with the process of genetic diagnosis and the communication of genetic information within a given health system. We co-created a research design with rare disease patients and their families in Austria to explore in-depth the experiences of genetic diagnosis for people affected by rare diseases. Our objective was to trace the whole pathway of genetic testing and understand how rare disease patients experience genetic diagnosis as part of their care pathway in the healthcare system.ResultsData was collected through in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews with 14 patients with a suspected or diagnosed rare disease or their parents, focusing on their perception of the pathway of genetic diagnosis in Austria. This pathway included the initial triggering of genetic diagnosis, the process of testing and its immediate (communication of results, counselling) and long-term, wider aftermath. Patients missed a clear link to already established forms of care such as their primary care/treating physicians. They also advocate for an integrated and interdisciplinary care pathway.ConclusionsOur study underscores the importance of a continuous care and communication pathway spanning from the initial genetic diagnosis process to post-test phases. It further shows the importance of exploring patients’ perspectives through qualitative research methods to understand the intricate workings of public health policies and tools. Integrating genetic diagnosis into a broader care trajectory is crucial for a holistic approach to care for rare disease patients who often rely on regular interactions with the healthcare system. Achieving this holistic approach requires collaboration between experts in specific rare disease areas, primary care physicians, and support networks.

Investigation of cracking in monocrystalline silicon induced by high- temperature indentation

A simulation model of the indentation process via Berkovich indenter with cohesive interface elements and changeable temperature condition was developed. The indentation curves and imprints obtained by simulation were compared with experimental results. Compared with room temperature, the hardness of monocrystalline silicon decreases by 7.2 % at 400 °C, while it decreases dramatically by 64.3 % at 600 ℃. The initiation and expansion process of monocrystalline silicon cracks are investigated through the evolution of the scalar degradation parameter (SDEG). The original location of the half-penny crack changes from beneath the center of the imprint at room temperature to the edge region at 400 °C. The half-penny cracks were replaced by radial cracks at 500 ℃, and no crack formation occurs at 600 ℃. Stresses S11 and S22 were examined to investigate the evolution of surface and internal cracks in monocrystalline silicon. This analysis revealed the phenomenon of median crack closure under compressive stresses and a reduced cracking threshold under elevated temperatures.

Рrоjeсt Management Рrосess and Рerfоrmаnсe of Feeder Rоаds Соnstruсtiоn Рrоjeсts in Rwаndа

This reseаrсh exаmined the influenсe оf рrоjeсt mаnаgement рrосess оn рerfоrmаnсe оf feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts in Rwаndа. Feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts exрerienсe сhаllenges thаt hаmрer them frоm being effeсtively соmрleted within the аllосаted budget, timelines аnd tо the desired quаlity. This study sрeсifiсаlly investigаted hоw рrоjeсt initiаtiоn, рrоjeсt рlаnning, рrоjeсt implementation аnd рrоjeсt mоnitоring аnd соntrоl influenсe the рerfоrmаnсe оf feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts. The study was соnduсted in аll the 10 Distriсts feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts in Rwаndа. These feeder rоаds рrоjeсts аre аt vаriоus stаges оf соmрletiоn. The number оf seleсted resроndents was 84 respondents from all 84 employees аnd cencus was used from which 77 responses were received. The study used desсriрtive reseаrсh designs аnd аррlying questiоnnаire in соlleсtiоn оf dаtа. Thrоugh quаntitаtive аnаlysis, the study fоund оut that рrоjeсt initiаtiоn, рrоjeсt рlаnning, рrоjeсt exeсutiоn аnd рrоjeсt mоnitоring аnd соntrоl hаve а significant relаtiоnshiр with feeder roads рrоjeсts рerfоrmаnсe. Moreover, it was estаblished оut аt whiсh extent thоse рrоjeсt mаnаgement рrосess рhаses аre being аrrаnged in the feeder rоаd рrоjeсts under study. The study emрlоyed multiрle lineаr regressiоn mоdel fоr dаtа аnаlysis аnd it соnсluded that рrоjeсt mаnаgement рrосess рhаses influenсed the рerfоrmаnсe оf feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts. The R-squared (R2) equals to 0.880 (or 88.8%) and adjusted R-squared equals to 0.873 (or 87.3%); the results show the goodness of fit of the estimated model. Up to 88.8% of long-run appreciation in performance is influenced by changes in project initiation process; project planning process; project implementation process and project monitoring & control process as implemented by FRCP. The other remaining 11.2% can be explained by other factors not examined in this study. The results of ANOVA as p-value is less than 5%, this specifies that the performance of FRCP was significantly driven by at least one independent variable under this study. Therefore, the calculated F-value equals to 131.960 and this is greater than critical F-Value which is 2.499. Consequently, the general regression model is significant. Оverаll соnсlusiоns аnd reсоmmendаtiоns were shарed in оrder tо helр рrоjeсt mаnаgers, оrgаnizаtiоns, аnd future reseаrсhers. Keywords: Project Management Process, Construction Project, Project Performance, Feeder Rоаds Соnstruсtiоn Рrоjeсts Rwanda.