Initiation Of Breast Milk Research Articles

Formula feeding and associated factors among mothers with infants 0-6 months old in Mettu Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential for children's normal development and well-being. However, the duration of breastfeeding has been declining and is being replaced by formula feeding, particularly in the urban communities of developing countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess formula feeding and its associated factors, as relatively little information is available regarding this problem in Ethiopia, particularly in Mettu Town. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mettu Town from May 17 to July 1, 2021, among 366 mothers with infants 0-6 months old. A simple random sampling technique was used in this study. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were performed, and variables with a p-value <0.05 in the final model were declared statistically significant with formula feeding found to be 28.4% [95% CI: (24.0-33.0)]. Primiparity [AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: (1.71-6.27)], cesarean delivery [AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: (1.28-5.35)], initiation of breastfeeding after 24 h [AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: (1.74-10.0)], employed mothers [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: (1.29-4.19)], positive attitude toward formula feeding [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: (1.29-4.19)], and poor knowledge of formula feeding [AOR = 2.6, 95% CI (1.49-4.74)] were factors significantly associated with formula feeding. Almost one-third of the mothers were formula feeding their infants. Primiparity, maternal employment, initiation of breast milk after 24 h, cesarean delivery, poor maternal knowledge, and positive attitude toward formula feeding were among the contributing factors to this high formula-feeding practice. Hence, much effort should be invested in educating pregnant and lactating mothers to improve their knowledge of formula feeding while working on activities that change their attitude toward formula feeding.

Factors associated with comorbidity of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections among children under five years in Ghana.

IntroductionGlobally, childhood mortality is an important public health concern. In Ghana, both diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the top five causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five years old (CU5). Yet, there is a paucity of studies on the comorbidity of diarrhoea and ARIs in CU5 in Ghana.AimThis study sought to examine factors associated with comorbidity of diarrhoea and ARIs among CU5 in Ghana.MethodsThe Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2014 was used for this study. A total of 932 CU5 who had at least one morbidity were included in the study. Binary logistic regression was used to predict the factors associated with comorbidity among CU5.ResultsThe prevalence of comorbidity of diarrhoea and ARI among CU5 was 11%. Factors including unimproved source of water, unimproved main floor material, age of child, and initiation of breastmilk were significantly associated with comorbidity of diarrhea and ARI. Improved source of water (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.22–0.78; p = 0.01) reduces the likelihood of having comorbidity than unimproved source of water. Children aged 36–47 months were less likely (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.14–0.93; p = 0.04) to have comorbidity than those aged 48–59 months. Also, improved floor materials (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.22–0.95; p = 0.03) reduces the likelihood of having comorbidity than unimproved floor materials. Children breastfed within the first day of birth were more likely (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.01–0.2.72; p = 0.04) to have comorbidity than those breastfed immediately after birth.ConclusionPolicymakers and health practitioners should consider risk factors such as age of child, initiation of breastfeeding, unimproved floor material, and unimproved water supply in the design of interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with comorbidity of diarrhoea and ARI among CU5.

Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of breastfeeding practices in Ghana

Breastfeeding plays an important role in the survival and well-being of young children. Though early initiation of breastfeeding has gained a considerable attention in the globe, the practice has not received the needed attention in some sub-Saharan African communities. This study considers the spatio-temporal disparities in the timing of initiation and duration of breastfeeding over a number of years in Ghana. Dataset for the study was derived from the Demographic Health Survey conducted in Ghana for the periods 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2014. We implemented a binary probit model for the initiation of breastfeeding and a discrete-time survival model for the duration of breastfeeding in a geoadditive framework and model parameters were estimated using fully Bayesian approach. Our results show that timely initiation of breastfeeding was significantly low in the Northern region in 1993 but quickly changed as from 1998 and remained so until 2014 and most regions show changes with time. Mothers living in Upper East, Northern, Brong-Ahafo and Central regions had high tendencies of early initiation of breast milk in the year 2014. Children from Greater Accra region were consistently fed with breast milk for longer period of time throughout the years considered. Mothers from urban areas, those who attained secondary or higher educational level and those having their second or higher order child are likely to initiate breastfeeding within the first hour, though the educated ones would not sustain it for long. These results will help inform policy and practice that can aid possible intervention programmes.

MULTILEVEL ORDINAL RESPONSE MODELING OF TREND OF BREASTFEEDING INITIATION

The amount of health benefits derived from breastfeeding is influenced by age of the child at initiation of the first breast milk, the duration and intensity of breastfeeding and age at which the child is introduced to supplementary foods and other liquids. In this study, the general trend of timing of breastfeeding initiation among nursing mothers in Nigeria between 1990 and 2003 is examined. The timing of initiation of the first breast milk to a child by her mother is measured in a three-level ordinal scale (immediately, within 24 h and days after birth) and the impacts of some socio-economic and maternal factors on this are determined. Results from this study revealed a significant improvement in the trend of early initiation of breast milk among Nigeria mothers between 1990 and 2003 (p

Immediate and early postnatal care for mothers and newborns in rural Bangladesh.

The study evaluated the impact of essential newborn-care interventions at the household level in the Saving Newborn Lives project areas. Two household surveys were conducted following the 30-cluster sampling method using a structured questionnaire in 2002 (baseline) and 2004 (endline) respectively. In total, 3,325 mothers with children aged less than one year in baseline and 3,110 mothers in endline from 10 sub-districts were interviewed during each survey. The proportion of newborns dried and wrapped immediately after birth increased from 14% in 2002 to 55% in 2004; 76.2% of the newborns were put to the mother's breast within one hour of birth compared to 38.6% in baseline. Newborn check-up within 24 hours of delivery increased from 14.4% in 2002 to 27.3% in 2004. Postnatal check-up of mothers by trained providers within three days of delivery rose from 2.4% in 2002 to 27.3% in 2004. Knowledge of the mothers on at least two postnatal danger signs increased by 17.2%, i.e. from 47.1% in 2002 to 64.3% in 2004. Knowledge of mothers on at least three postnatal danger signs also showed an increase of 16%. Essential newborn-care practices, such as drying and wrapping the baby immediately after birth, initiation of breastmilk within one hour of birth, and early postnatal newborn check-up, improved in the intervention areas. Increased community awareness helped improve maternal and newborn-care practices at the household level. Lessons learnt from implementation revealed that door-to-door visits by community health workers, using community registers as job-aids, were effective in identifying pregnant women and following them through pregnancy to the postnatal periods.