Initial Ability Research Articles

The Influence of Using WhatsApp Media on Motivation and Science Learning Outcomes during Online Learning

Learning motivation serves as a significant driving force for students, as it encompasses their engagement in learning activities, ensures the continuity of these activities, and provides direction towards achieving desired goals. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of WhatsApp usage on students' motivation to learn science, its influence on science learning outcomes, and its effect on both motivation and learning outcomes before and after using WhatsApp. The research was conducted among 5th grade students in the Se'seng cluster, Tana Toraja Regency. The population consisted of 95 students from SDN Gugus Se'seng. The study employed a pre-experimental model with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Prior to the treatment, a pretest was administered to assess the group's initial condition, followed by a post-test after the treatment to evaluate the group's condition post-intervention. Descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis using SPSS 24 were employed in this study. The descriptive analysis of learning motivation among 5th grade students in the Se'seng cluster indicated an average score of 54.1667 during online learning. This average score suggests that students' motivation is still below the desired expectation of 65. In accordance with the learning process and cognitive characteristics, students were evaluated to measure their learning outcomes. The students' initial abilities were determined through a pretest, with an average score of 53.3333 in the descriptive analysis. This demonstrates that students' pretest abilities were still low and did not meet the required minimum passing grade of 75. The results of the learning motivation hypothesis test showed a t-value of -5.801, with a significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that the use of WhatsApp media in online learning did not have a significant impact on students' learning motivation. However, based on the results of the t-test, it was determined that learning through WhatsApp media had an effect on the learning outcomes of 5th grade students in the Se'seng cluster.

Accelerated ageing of 3D printed water purification filters based on PLA reinforced with green nanofibers

This study investigates the ageing behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-based biocomposites reinforced with either 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) - oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) or chitin nanofibers (ChNF) in water. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) was used to create water filters, which underwent aging tests at various temperatures over 19 weeks. Thermomechanical results show that while the addition of TCNF and ChNF improves the mechanical performance of PLA-based filters in dry conditions, it has the opposite effect after exposure to water. The impact of prolonged water exposure on Young's modulus and toughness was more significant in biocomposites than in unmodified PLA filters. The TCNF/PLA and ChNF/PLA filters saw a substantial ∼10 °C drop in glass transition temperature (Tg) after 3 weeks, while pure PLA remained nearly unaffected for up to 7 weeks. The mechanical tests allowed to estimate the service life of the 3D printed filters using the Arrhenius model. It was shown that the TCNF/PLA and ChNF/PLA filters can be utilized at room temperature water for up to 8 and 5 months, respectively, until they lose 50 % of their initial ability to resist deformation. In the same conditions, PLA filters can serve for up to 3.5 years. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering the degradation behaviour of biocomposites when developing sustainable materials for water treatment applications.

Initial Reading Difficulties in Second-Grade Elementary School Students

Beginning reading is an ability that students must master in elementary school. In the implementation process, students who still have difficulty in beginning reading are sometimes found. These difficulties become an obstacle in the student's learning process because success in mastering reading skills at the initial reading stage will impact the development of subsequent reading skills. This research aims to analyze the types of initial reading difficulties in students, the factors that influence initial reading difficulties in students, and the efforts made by teachers to overcome initial reading difficulties in second-grade elementary school students. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection techniques are done through interviews, observation, tests, and documentation. The study results showed that three second-grade students had difficulty reading initially. In research, it is known that the types of initial reading difficulties in students are: (a) not fluent in reading, (b) many errors in reading, (c) difficulty distinguishing similar letters, (d) inability to understand symbols sounds. Factors that influence students' initial reading difficulties are physiological, intellectual, environmental, and psychological factors. Efforts made by teachers to overcome students' initial reading difficulties are: (a) giving assignments to students, (b) providing additional hours after school, (c) preparing reading learning media such as alphabet letter posters, letter cards, and books that support students' initial reading ability, (d) teaching using the alphabet method.

Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini Melalui Kegiatan Meronce

The aim of the research is to improve fine motor skills through ronce activities at Cendrawasih Sukmajaya Early Childhood Education. The research was carried out with classroom actions carried out in two subject cycles for 10 students. The results of observations of initial abilities in the pre-cycle showed that there were 7 children whose fine motor skills had not yet developed (70%) and 3 children who were starting to develop them (30%). In cycle I, there were 6 children who started to develop (60%) and 4 children (40%) who developed according to expectations. Then in cycle II, 2 children (20% of children) developed according to expectations and 8 children (80%) developed very well. This means that there is an increase in students' fine motor skills in implementing classroom action research. This research was stopped until cycle II because it had met the success indicator criteria. Conclusion: meronce activities can improve and increase fine motor skills, namely being able to follow the size of color patterns and students' work.

Phonological acquisition depends on the timing of speech sounds: Deconvolution EEG modeling across the first five years

The late development of fast brain activity in infancy restricts initial processing abilities to slow information. Nevertheless, infants acquire the short-lived speech sounds of their native language during their first year of life. Here, we trace the early buildup of the infant phoneme inventory with naturalistic electroencephalogram. We apply the recent method of deconvolution modeling to capture the emergence of the feature-based phoneme representation that is known to govern speech processing in the mature brain. Our cross-sectional analysis uncovers a gradual developmental increase in neural responses to native phonemes. Critically, infants appear to acquire those phoneme features first that extend over longer time intervals—thus meeting infants’ slow processing abilities. Shorter-lived phoneme features are added stepwise, with the shortest acquired last. Our study shows that the ontogenetic acceleration of electrophysiology shapes early language acquisition by determining the duration of the acquired units.

Construction of reflective thinking: A field independent student in numerical problems

In educational settings, reflective thinking is often overlooked, with an excessive emphasis on final answers, resulting in students needing more ability to evaluate and reconstruct their problem-solving processes. The ability for reflective thinking is required by students in solving problems, including numerical problems. This study uses a qualitative approach to focus on field-independent students' numerical problem-solving processes. The data collection technique begins by administering the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), a valid and reliable numeracy problem instrument, and conducting in-depth interviews. Two students with similar initial mathematical abilities and field-independent cognitive styles were selected as research subjects. Findings reveal that these students face challenges such as lengthy problem descriptions and a lack of confidence but gradually develop strategies, emphasizing repeated problem analysis, concept interconnections, and error awareness. Researcher-provided scaffolding facilitates critical reflection, enabling the construction of new ideas. These results have practical implications for teachers, suggesting the need to design lessons that cater to diverse cognitive styles, providing more complex problems to field-independent students to enhance their problem-solving skills.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN METODE SILABA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

This research was motivated by the low initial reading ability of Indonesian elementary school students. This is because teachers still use conventional learning methods where learning is only centered on the teacher while students are not involved much or are not active in learning. In this condition, the syllabic method (silaba) becomes an alternative solution method, because the syllabic method involves interaction between students and teachers, so that there is no longer any learning that only dominates the teacher or only dominates smart students. This research also aims to review how the syllable method (sylaba) affects the beginning reading abilities of lower grade elementary school students. The method used for the review is systematic or Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by analyzing research results that have been published nationally relating to the syllable method (sylaba) on the initial reading ability of lower grade elementary school students for Indonesian language lessons, sample analysis are 15 journals that have been published in the last 10 years. The journal discusses the syllable method, based on the findings of the analysis of the syllable method (sylaba) which has a positive influence. From each article or journal that has been analyzed, there are differences, but overall this research shows the conclusion that the syllable method for beginning Indonesian reading skills in lower grade elementary school students has a significant influence on elementary school students' reading abilities.

The Influence of Nonformal Education on Students' Cognitive Formation

In the world of education, it is categorized into two, namely education in schools and education outside of school. Out-of-school education or it can be said that non-formal education is education for the community, in this case, students who need educational services to complement the deficiencies of formal education. This research was conducted at Tridaya Tutoring with a quantitative research approach. This research method uses survey methods and correlation analysis to see the interrelationships of students' creative thinking and critical thinking variables based on cognitive stages, namely formal, transitional, and concrete thinking stages. The population of this study were class XII students at Bimbel Tridaya with a sample of 53 students. The research instrument used tests and questionnaires. Obtained pretest data showed that there was a difference in the average initial ability of students in the experimental class and control class in creative and critical thinking and the average posttest final ability of creative and critical thinking of experimental class students was better than the average control class. The improvement of students' creative and critical thinking skills in the experimental class was obtained better than that of the control class students. Learning outcomes with students' cognitive levels at the formal, transitional, and concrete stages have differences and do not have a significant influence on the development of student learning outcomes, but there is an association between students' creative and critical thinking abilities.

Development of A Learning Model For Basic Javaline Throwing Movements Through The Teaching Games for Understanding Approach

In general, this research and development aim to produce a learning model for basic javelin throwing movements using the TGfU approach for elementary school students. Apart from that, this research and development was carried out to obtain in-depth information about competencies, characteristics and initial abilities of elementary school students in implementing physical education learning, especially on learning material for basic javelin throwing movements. The design for research and development of this learning model uses Sugiyono's research and development approach model. Meanwhile, the subjects in this research and development were all 30 grade VI students at Mamajang I State Elementary School and Baddoka Makassar State Elementary School. The instruments used in this research and development are questionnaires and questionnaires which are used to collect data at stages: (1) needs analysis; (2) expert evaluation (initial product evaluation); (3) limited trials (small group trials); and (4) main trial (field test). To test the effectiveness of the model, a javelin-throwing process test and a rubric for assessing the correctness of the javelin-throwing movement were used. To see the results of the effectiveness of the model, a statistical test was used using the repeated observation t-test formula with a significance level of α = 0.05. Based on the development results, it can be concluded that: (1) Learning the basic javelin throwing movements through the TGfU approach using simple tools, namely the bombardier game for grade VI elementary school students is needed by Physical Education teachers; (2) overall this product is effectively implemented by Physical Education teachers in teaching basic javelin throwing movements to grade VI elementary school students; (3) Based on the results of the model effectiveness test, it has been empirically proven that the product results in the form of a learning model for basic javelin throwing movements for grade VI elementary school students have very good effectiveness.

Profil Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Siswa SMK dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Geometri Berdasarkan Perbedaan Kemampuan Awal

Mathematical literacy is an vital portion of building 21st-century abilities. This think about pointed to look at the scientific proficiency capacity profile of professional understudies in tackling geometric issues concurring to their starting numerical capacities. This inquire about may be a clear ponder employing a subjective approach. The devices utilized in this consider were an introductory numerical capacity test, a scientific education test, and an meet direct. The subjects of this ponder were three understudy course of X review understudies from each category, to be specific understudies with tall, medium, and moo starting scientific capacities. The comes about of this consider were understudies with tall introductory numerical capacities were able to total all markers of the definition, application, and translation forms; understudies with direct beginning numerical capacities can as it were total the definition and application pointers; students with low initial math ability not all indicators can be achieved. Out of the three categories, students with higher initial mathematical skills performed the best in mathematical literacy.

THE INFLUENCE OF ONLINE AND MANUAL DICTIONARY USE, AND INITIAL SKILLS ON ENGLISH LEARNING OUTCOMES OF XITH CLASS STUDENTS SMA NEGERI 1 KAWEDANAN MAGETAN DISTRICT

In practice, almost all students experience problems in learning of all English skills. In order for the problems that arise to be an option, one factor that needs to be considered is the use of media in the form of dictionaries, both online dictionaries and manual dictionaries as well as measuring students' initial abilities, in order to improve learning results. The aims of this study are: 1) To determine the effect of using online dictionaries and manual dictionaries and initial abilities on English learning outcomes, 2) To determine the differences in English learning outcomes for class XI students between students who have high initial abilities and students who have low initial abilities, 3) To determine the interaction between dictionary use and initial abilities on English learning outcomes.
 This study used an experimental design method. The samples in this study were 120 students of XI class at SMA Negeri 1. Data collection method that used was test. Data analysis in this study used a two-way Anava test. The results showed that the use of dictionaries and initial skills proved to have an influence on the results of learning English in XI class students of SMA Negeri 1 Kawedanan Magetan.
 The suggestion from this research is that students are expected to be able to improve their ability in English lessons, especially in understanding a text through the use of dictionary so that it can improve students' skills in English and provide good learning outcomes.

Strengthening East Java Contextual Disaster Literacy in Social Science Learning

The aim of this research is to develop East Java contextual disaster mitigation teaching materials in social science subjects and test the differences between initial knowledge and learning outcomes after implementing the teaching materials in three schools with different regional characteristics. This research uses the Borg and Gall (2007) development model which includes nine stages. The research subjects were 64 students of SMPN 1 Sidoarjo (coastal area character), 60 students of SMP Plus Al Fatimah Bojonegoro (solo river fluvial area character), 62 students of Maospati 3 SMPN (mountain area character). Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires, and pretest-posttest which was then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Anacova). The results of this research are: 1). East Java contextual disaster mitigation teaching materials were assessed as very appropriate by expert validators with slight revisions; 2). Students gave very positive responses and support to the application of teaching materials; 3) there are differences or improvements in initial abilities (pretest) with learning outcomes (posttest) in the three schools; 4) There is a significant difference in learning outcomes between SMPN 1 Sidoarjo and SMPN 3 Maospati. The two junior high schools in this area have different risks from natural disasters, so students' understanding of disasters is influenced by their respective contextual environments.

PENGGUNAAN METODE SAS BERBANTUAN KARTU KATA BERGAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS I DI SEKOLAH DASAR

This study aims to determine the effect of using the SAS method assisted by picture word cards on the beginning reading ability of grade 1 students in elementary schools. In this study using a quantitative approach with a research design using a quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental design. The samples in this study were class I-A, which consisted of 25 students as class and class I-B, which consisted of 25 students as the control class. The data collection technique used in this study is through tests and observations. The tests used are pre-test and ¬post-test. Based on the research results, the experimental class obtained an average pretest score of 45.53 with an average posttest score of 86.12. Meanwhile, the average value of the control class pretest was 44.86 and the average posttest value of the control class was 66.96. The results of the tests carried out by researchers in the experimental class and control class, it can be concluded that the posttest score was found to be greater than the pretest, which means that students' initial reading ability increases. The researcher used an independent test sample t test to find the effect of the SAS method assisted by picture word cards on the beginning reading ability of first grade elementary school students. It is known that the calculated t value is 16.139 with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that there is a significant influence on the initial reading ability of first grade elementary school students in the experimental class and the control class. Then in accordance with the decision making that has been determined then that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus the researchers concluded that there was an effect of using the SAS method assisted by picture word cards on the initial reading ability of grade 1 students in elementary schools.

Cooperative Learning Process in the 21st Century Era: Does It Still Have an Impact on Students' Understanding of Concepts?

This research was conducted to determine the effect of the Cooperative Learning learning model on understanding concepts in business and energy material. This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study were all students of class The sampling technique was carried out using a purposive sampling technique because the data previously obtained from the three classes was normal and homogeneous. The design in this research is post-test only because the samples used have initial abilities that can be said to be the same. Based on data analysis, the average score for the experimental class was 52.3 and the average score for the control class was 47.6. Apart from obtaining the average value, in this study it was also found from the results of the t test that Cooperative Learning learning did not have a significant influence on classes that did not use the Cooperative Learning learning model.

A Improving Vocaional Skill in Making Banana Bolen Through Explicit Instruction Method for Mil Metally Impaired Student

The purpose of this study is to improve vocational skills in making banana bolen through the Explicit Instruction method for two mild mentally retarded students in SLB N 2 Padang Class XI. This type of research is classroom action research which is carried out in two cycles. Cycle I consisted of four meetings and cycle II consisted of three meetings. The stages of each cycle are planning, action,observation and reflection stages. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in students' ability to make banana ballen. The percentage of initial ability RA 40.67%. In the first cycle increased to 65.11% and 97.67% in the second cycle. Meanwhile, in child R, the initial condition was 41.86%. Padang cycle I experienced an increase of 66.27% and cycle II to 96.51%. It can be concluded that the explicit instruction method can improve the vocational ability to make banana bolen for mild mentally retarded children in class XI at SLB N 2 Padang.

Analysis of Students' Creative Thinking Ability in Solving SPLDV Problems Assisted by GeoGebra Software Based on Initial Abilities

This study aims to describe the level of creative thinking ability of students in solving problems on SPLDV material using GeoGebra software based on initial abilities. This research is a descriptive research involving three junior high school students from Sidoarjo. Research instruments in the form of initial ability tests and mathematical creative thinking ability tests using GeoGebra software. Data analysis techniques are carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results show, subjects with high creative thinking skills are able to meet 2 indicators of creative thinking, namely fluency and flexibility so that they are categorized into level 3 indicators of creative thinking (creative). Subjects with the ability to think creatively in the medium category are able to meet 1 indicator of creative thinking, namely novelty so that it is categorized into level 2 indicators of creative thinking (quite creative). Subjects with low creative thinking ability are able to meet 1 indicator of creative thinking, namely fluency so that it is categorized into level 1 indicator of creative thinking (less creative). The possible causes of the results in this study were discussed in order to get a number of recommendations for further research.

Development of Problem-Based Learning Devices to Improve Mathematics Problem Solving Ability and Learning Independence of Labuhanbatu Private Junior High School Students

This development research generally aims to develop problem-based learning tools that are valid, practical and effective, in particular the objectives are to : 1) Produce product development problem-based learning tools that are valid, practical and effective in improving students' mathematical problem solving skills and independence . 2) Analyzing the increase in students' mathematical problem solving abilities in the application of problem-based learning tools. 3) Analyze the level of student learning independence in the application of learning tools. The researcher gave pretest questions to students to see students' initial abilities before being given the learning tools that had been developed. The data obtained from the results of the pretest and posttest were analyzed to find out how much the increase in students' learning independence abilities occurred. Testing of the assessment instrument was carried out at the beginning (pretest) and at the end (posttest) of the meeting. This learning tool was developed using a development model referring to Plomp's theory, which consists of five phases, namely the initial investigative research phase, the design phase, the design phase, the assessment phase and the implementation phase (trial). LKPD is another tool that was developed using a problem-based learning model for problem-solving abilities and participants' independent learning abilities that can be said to be effective, valid and practical.

Application of the Flipped Classroom Model Using Games-Based Learning Multimedia in Increasing Students’ Learning Outcomes

This paper discusses the low students’ learning outcomes and students’ satisfaction, which continues to decline. In contrast, distance and face-to-face learning are limited to non-formal education learning technology courses. The study aimed to improve learning in the Non-Formal Education Learning Technology course in the S1 Non-Formal Education Study Program by implementing games-based learning multimedia with the flipped classroom model. The research was conducted on 30 students in semester III/A. By applying the flipped classroom model, the research was conducted in the classroom and at each student's home. The research used a Pre-Experimental Design with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The data collection technique was carried out by testing. The pre-test was carried out to collect data on students' initial abilities, while the post-test was carried out to test the effect of the treatment. The study used three statistical tests, namely (1) normality, (2) homogeneity, and (3) hypothesis testing. The results indicate that the control class sample data were normally distributed. After treatment, initial data on students' abilities are interpreted as normal or homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing show that there is a significant effect of flipped classrooms based on game multimedia in non-formal education learning technology courses with an average value of the experimental class at 81.63.

Improving Student Mathematics Learning Outcomes in Algebraic Factorization Material Using the Method Team Accelerated Instruction

Improving student learning outcomes in algebraic factorization material is the aim of this research, through classroom action research using cooperative learning methods.Team Accelerated Instruction. This research was carried out at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda with the research subjects being thirty-eight class VIII students. The instruments used are assignments, end-of-cycle tests and observations. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics in the form of averages and percentages. The person acting as the learning implementer is the researcher, while the observer is the class VIII mathematics teacher at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 and a female student. The results of data analysis show an increase in the average final score for each cycle. The basic value for cycle I was obtained from the initial ability test results of 43.88 before cooperative learning typeTeam Accelerated Instruction started. In cycle I the basic value increased from the basic average value of 43.88 to 50.05. In cycle II, the average value of learning outcomes increased to 58.88 and in cycle III the average value of learning outcomes increased to 73. So the cycle was stopped because the average value of students' mathematics learning outcomes had reached the minimum completeness criteria of 70. Conclusion This research shows that there is an increase in students' mathematics learning outcomes through cooperative learning Team Accelerated Instruction on algebraic term factorization material in class VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Youtube Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Numerasi Pada Anak Usia Dini Kelompok B

The study findings revealed that a sample size of 20 children indicated a significant difference in the average scores between the pretest and posttest of numeracy literacy skills. This indicated an influence of YouTube usage in enhancing the children's early numeracy literacy skills. The statistical analysis of the pretest scores revealed that the initial numeracy literacy ability was 19.1 (19.1%) of the total score, which amounted to 8. The posttest value of children's numeracy literacy results in an average score of 28.25 (28.25%) of a total score of 8, with the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test data normality test with a pretest significance value of 0.099 > 0.05, and a posttest significance value of 0.200 > 0.05, and the results of the t-test obtained a value of  23.719, while the value of at (x) = 0.05 is 2.093 if 23.719 > 2.093, then Ho is rejected, and Ha is accepted. Meaning that there is an influence of the use of YouTube media on numeracy literacy skills in group B early childhood at TK State Pembina Botumoito Kindergarten. The utilization of YouTube as an alternative solution is suggested to address the challenges faced by learners.
 
 The study findings revealed that a sample size of 20 children indicated a significant difference in the average scores between the pretest and posttest of numeracy literacy skills. This indicated an influence of YouTube usage in enhancing the children's early numeracy literacy skills. The statistical analysis of the pretest scores revealed that the initial numeracy literacy ability was 19.1 (19.1%) of the total score, which amounted to 8. The posttest value of children's numeracy literacy results in an average score of 28.25 (28.25%) of a total score of 8, with the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test data normality test with a pretest significance value of 0.099 > 0.05, and a posttest significance value of 0.200 > 0.05, and the results of the t-test obtained a value of  23.719, while the value of at (x) = 0.05 is 2.093 if 23.719 > 2.093, then Ho is rejected, and Ha is accepted. Meaning that there is an influence of the use of YouTube media on numeracy literacy skills in group B early childhood at TK State Pembina Botumoito Kindergarten. The utilization of YouTube as an alternative solution is suggested to address the challenges faced by learners.