Initial Test Scores Research Articles

Language gains in 4-6-year-old children with developmental language disorder and the relation with language profile, severity, multilingualism and non-verbal cognition.

Early and effective treatment for children with developmental language disorder (DLD) is important. Although a growing body of research shows the effects of interventions at the group level, clinicians observe large individual differences in language growth, and differences in outcomes across language domains. A systematic understanding of how child characteristics contribute to changes in language skills is still lacking. To assess changes in the language domains: expressive morphosyntax; receptive and expressive vocabulary; and comprehension, in children in special needs education for DLD. To explore if differences in language gains between children are related to child characteristics: language profile; severity of the disorder; being raised mono- or multilingually; and cognitive ability. We extracted data from school records of 154 children (4-6 years old) in special needs education offering a language and communication-stimulating educational environment, including speech and language therapy. Changes in language were measured by comparing the scores on standardized language tests at the beginning and the end of a school year. Next, we related language change to language profile (receptive-expressive versus expressive-only disorders), severity (initial scores), growing up mono- and multilingually, and children's reported non-verbal IQ scores. Overall, the children showed significant improvements in expressive morphosyntax, expressive vocabulary and language comprehension. Baseline scores and gains were lowest for expressive morphosyntax. Differences in language gains between children with receptive-expressive disorders and expressive-only disorders were not significant. There was more improvement in children with lower initial scores. There were no differences between mono- and multilingual children, except for expressive vocabulary. There was no evidence of a relation between non-verbal IQ scores and language growth. Children with DLD in special needs education showed gains in language performance during one school year. There was, however, little change in morphosyntactic scores, which supports previous studies concluding that poor morphosyntax is a persistent characteristic of DLD. Our results indicate that it is important to include all children with DLD in intervention: children with receptive-expressive and expressive disorders; mono- and multilingual children, and children with high, average and low non-verbal IQ scores. We did not find negative relations between these child factors and changes in language skills. What is already known on the subject Intervention studies indicate that intervention can be effective, but not for all children with DLD, and not in all language domains. Longitudinal studies on language development show stable growth patterns in children with DLD at the group level. A systematic understanding of how child characteristics contribute to changes in language skills is still lacking. What this paper adds to existing knowledge In this study, we report on the language gains of a cohort of 154 children with DLD (4-6 years old), in a special education setting for children with language disorders. Our sample includes children with receptive-expressive disorders and expressive-only disorders, and monolingual as well as multilingual children. Our results show that children's language skills improved. The co-normed tests we used revealed that the children had much lower growth in morphosyntax than in the other language domains. Language gains between children with receptive-expressive and expressive-only language disorders did not differ, children with lower initial test scores showed more improvement than children with higher initial scores, multilingual children showed more gains in expressive vocabulary than monolingual children, and there was no effect of non-verbal IQ on change in language scores. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The results suggest that catching up on language is possible for children with DLD. It is important to include all children with DLD in intervention: mono- and multilingual children; children with receptive-expressive and expressive disorders; and children with high, average and low non-verbal IQ scores. We did not find negative relations between these child factors and changes in language skills. The limited growth in morphosyntax compared with other linguistic areas warrants the attention of both practitioners and researchers, with a particular focus on the implementation of research findings in clinical practice.

Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis E-learning Terhadap Hasil dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Kelas X MAN 3 Aceh Timur

The purpose of the study was how the Effect of E-learning-Based Learning on Learning Outcomes and Independence of Class X MAN 3 East Aceh Students. This research uses quantitative research using experimental research methods. The design used in this study is a one group pretest-posttest design, this design is used for one group of experimental subjects only. The results of the research and evidence show that there is a significant effect between the initial test scores and the final test scores in class X-MIA.1 and X-MIA.2 on mathematical logic material. The results of the post-test evaluation of the experimental class found that the average learning outcomes of 67.50 students' scores had increased in all students, judging from the post-test scores of the experimental class of 53.44, there was a control that increased the effect of e-learning by 26.31%, this shows that there is a significant effect. significant effect on student learning outcomes of MAN 3 East Aceh. The e-learning method in its application makes students more active and creative in terms of obtaining material sources and more independent discussion, while the teacher only directs and guides students. With the e-learning method, students in learning activities will be more flexible and creative in finding solutions to the material discussed. The e-learning method plays a very active role in disseminating material and understanding the material more deeply, so that the selection of this method is one of the appropriate learning methods in the learning process, but this method must be supported by the willingness of students, be serious, and must be accompanied by the basic abilities of students. using internet facilities, in this case the teacher gives directions to visit the blogspot address and the intended email

Piloting the adaptation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children—2nd edition (KABC-II) to assess school-age neurodevelopment in rural Zimbabwe

Background: Neurodevelopment assessment tools for low-resource settings are urgently needed. However, most available tools were developed in high-income settings and may lack cross-cultural validity. Methods: We piloted and adapted two subtests (pattern reasoning and story completion) within the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (KABC-II) for use in rural Zimbabwean children aged 7 years old, both within the planning domain. After initial assessments of face validity, we substituted and added items in the test battery through a co-design process with fieldworkers and child development experts. To assess how successful the changes were, T-tests adjusting for unequal variances were used to compare scores between the original and adapted versions of the same subtest. ANOVA and pairwise analysis was performed to compare the performance of KABC-II subtests across domains. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the variability between domains. Results: Initial test scores on the planning domain were significantly lower than the other three domains of learning, sequential memory and simultaneous reasoning (P<0.001) in 50 children. Modified subtests were administered to another 20 children, who showed story completion scores that were 0.7 marks higher (95% CI 0.0, 1.4; P=0.05) and pattern reasoning scores 1.8 marks higher (95% CI 0.5, 3.2; P=0.01). Overall, the planning domain mean score increased from 8.1 (SD 2.9) to 10.6 (SD 3.4). The intra class correlation coefficient between all four KABC-II domains was initially 0.43 (95% CI 0.13, 0.64) and after modification was 0.69 (95% CI 0.37, 0.87), suggesting an increase in the construct validity. Conclusions: The KABC-II planning domain was successfully adapted to improve cross-cultural validity. Construct validity was enhanced, based on increased inter-correlations among scales. This pilot has since been applied to the SHINE follow-up study. The process of co-design to modify tests for new settings may be beneficial for other commonly used neurodevelopmental tools.

The Effectiveness of the Wall Pass and Diamond Pass Practice Method on Short Passing Accuracy

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and more effective results of the wall pass and diamond pass training methods on the short passing accuracy of players. Information collection was carried out by observing 20 SSB Perseramang players aged 14-17 years old by observing the training process and matches taking place in 2021. Research data was collected by conducting initial tests and final tests using the short passing test instrument to determine the short passing ability of players. The test result data showed that the experimental group 1 had an average initial test score of 3.40 and a final test score of 4.40 with a difference of 1.0 increase. In the test results, the experimental group 2 had an average initial test score of 3.80 and a final test score of 6.10 with a difference of increase of 2.30. The value of the paired difference test for experimental groups 1 and 2 was 0.0001 and 0.000 (p < 0.05). This means that the wall pass and diamond pass exercises have an influence on the accuracy of short passing. From the comparison of the average increase in the two groups, this study reveals that diamond pass exercises have a better and more effective effect than wall pass exercises on improving short passing accuracy of SSB Perseramang players aged 14-17 years. The coach should provide diamond pass exercises to improve the accuracy of the short passing of players and supervise the course of practice.

PENGARUH LAYANAN PENGUASAAN KONTEN TEKNIK MODELING TERHADAP RESILIENSI AKADEMIK SISWA DI SMPS AMIR HAMZAH MEDAN T.A 2021/2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of modeling technique content mastery services on the academic resilience of students at Amir Hamzah Medan Private Junior High School Period 2021/2022. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. This type of research is a quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test group design. The subjects in this study were 22 grade VIII students who had low resilience. The research data were collected with an academic resilience scale totaling 40 statement items that were valid and reliable. Instruments are given before and after the implementation of content services. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to see if there was a significant effect of providing modeling technique content mastery services on students’ academic resilience. This can be obtained from the calculation results with the initial test score (pre-test) in the experimental group obtained an average = 109.4 while the post-test data obtained an average = 135.4. This can be obtained from the Wilcoxon test which shows that the Wilcoxon level test is obtained Jcount = 115 while Jtable = 66. From the critical table J for the Wilcoxon marked level test for n = 22, = 0.05 according to the criteria for acceptance and rejection of the hypothesis, the hypothesis accepted if Jcount &gt; J table where 115 &gt; 66, from this calculation it can be seen that the treatment in the experimental group means that the hypothesis is accepted. This shows that there is an influence of modeling technique content mastery services on students’ academic resilience at Amir Hamzah Medan Private Junior High School. Period. 2021/2022.

Pengaruh senam aerobik terhadap kebugaran jasmani

Gymnastics is a very good sport for the body and physical fitness if we do the exercise correctly. This study aims to 1) Improve physical fitness using aerobic exercise, 2) Give effect to the Gymnastics Club KOPKI Jambi City, 3) Provide aerobic exercise treatment to improve physical fitness, 4) Provide aerobic exercise treatment and gender to distinguish the increase in physical fitness. 5) Seeing gender differences to be able to distinguish levels of physical fitness. This experimental study uses a 2x2 factorial design to determine the effect of variables with various main factors, and the combination of variable levels and the effect of interactions between factors on physical fitness levels. With a total sample of 30 men and 30 women aged 20-29 years. Based on the results of the research conducted, the male gender for low impact got the initial test score of 507.7 for the final test of 560.8 then the male high impact on the initial test of 548.2 for the final test of 628, Second, the female gender on the initial low impact test was 439.6 for the final test of 521.4 on the high impact female initial test of 496.9 and the final test was 583.9. Based on the results of research and discussions that have been carried out, it can be understood that: (1). Overall, there is an increase in physical fitness (Vo2Max) at the Jambi City KOPKI Club as evidenced by the significance value smaller than the 0.05 level as shown in the Hypothesis Testing table. (2). There are differences in the increase in physical fitness (Vo2Max) to aerobic exercise and gender at the KOPKI Gymnastics Club Jambi City seen in the number of test results for each group.

The Use of Multimedia for Learning Badminton

This study aims to develop a multimedia-based learning model of badminton theory and practice. The method used in this research is research and development with 10 steps Borg &amp; Gall. The subjects consisted of 3 experts (badminton, learning, multimedia) and 150 students at three universities that have sports science faculties in West Java. Based on the results of expert validation, the product developed is suitable for use and has been proven to be effective in improving students' badminton skills. Based on the Paired Sample Test, it can be seen that only two Control groups (B and C) have Sig values. (2-Tailed) is more than 0.05 (2-tailed&gt; 0.05) so that in this result it can be stated that Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected, which means that in control groups (B and C) there is no difference in the average initial test scores with the final test. Thus, it can be stated that there is no effect of treatment on improving student badminton learning outcomes. Meanwhile, Pired 1, 4, 5, and 6 (four groups) have Sig values. (2-Tailed) is less than 0.05 (Sig. (2-Tailed) &lt;0.05) so that in this result it can be stated that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a difference in the results of the initial test and the final test. Thus, it can be stated that there is an effect of treatment on improving student badminton learning outcomes. Based on the Equal variances assumed section values it is known as Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.039 &lt;0.05, thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a difference in the average test results of the control group and the experimental group. Based on the statistical results of the T test, it can be seen that between the control group and the experimental group there is a significant difference in the results of the final test. This shows that the developed model which was implemented as a treatment for the experimental group, has a better effect than the control group. However, in the control group, of the three groups, there was one group whose paired t test results showed a significant difference between the initial test and the final test. This is something that is beyond the prediction of the researcher, because there are other factors that may influence this achievement outside the variables studied.

The Use of Android Game to Improve Impaired Hearing Students Vocabulary Mastery

This study aims to analyze the use of android game to improve impaired hearing students vocabulary mastery at one of Special Schools in Padang City, Indonesia. This study used quantitative research method with Single Subject Research (SRR) approach, the research data was taken from one impaired hearing student through seventeen direct lessons using android game. All the data that the authors obtained were analyzed descriptively using visual graph analysis tools, this method of analysis is one of the techniques for analyzing Single Subject Research. The results of the study showed that the use of Android game as a learning media significantly improved the impaired hearing student vocabulary mastery. This increase in ability is proved by the initial test scores of the participants at a score of 10, 10, 20, 20, 20, this score is the score before learning by using android game. Furthermore, after the author did seven times direct treatment, it was found that the students’ scores increased to 40, 50, 70, 80, 70, 70, 70, even students were able to obtain final self-evaluation scores with a score of 50, 70, 100, 100, 100. The results of this study proved that the use of android gamehas succeeded in increasing the vocabulary mastery of impaired hearing students

EFFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN MEDIA BLOG MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS CERPEN DI KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 2 LAWE BULAN

This study aims to determine the improvement of short story writing skills through the use of blog media in class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Lawe Bulan in the 2021/2022 academic year. The population in this study were all students of class XI and a sample of 36 people. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group pretest and posttest design with data analysis using the "t" test. From data processing, it was found that the average value of the initial test of short story writing skills by students was 52.10 and was included in the poor category, with a standard deviation of 6.09 and an increase in the final test score with an average value of 87.36 and included in the good category, with a standard deviation of 7.33. Based on the results of the students' initial and final test scores and if it is associated with the KKM value of Indonesian language subjects for high school, it is 70, the students' short story writing ability is included in the good category. From hypothesis testing, it is obtained that the value of t count = 24.19 and in consultation with the value of t_table at a significant level of 5% = 2,030, thus t_count &gt; t_table or 24.19 &gt; 2,030 then the hypothesis is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an increase in the ability to write short stories through the use of blog media in class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Lawe Month in the 2021/2022 Academic Year.

PENERAPAN METODE MAKE A MATCH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PANTUN PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 LAWE ALAS

This study aims to determine the improvement of rhyme writing skills through the application of the make a match method to class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Lawe Alas in the 2021/2022 academic year. As for the population in this study were all students of class VII totaling 43 people and a sample of 22 people. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group pretest and posttest design with data analysis using the "t" test. From data processing, it was found that the average value of the initial test of rhyme writing skills by students was 62.27 and included in the less category, with a standard deviation of 4.29 and an increase in the final test score with an average value of 86.36 and included in the good category, with a standard deviation of 4.92. Based on the results of the students' initial and final test scores and if it is associated with the KKM value of Indonesian language subjects for junior high schools of 70, the students' rhyme writing skills are included in the good category. From hypothesis testing, it is obtained that the value of t count = 17.33 and in consultation with the value of t_table at a significant level of 5% = 2,080, thus t_count &gt; t_table or 17.33 &gt; 2,080 then the hypothesis is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an increase in the ability to write rhymes through the make a match method in class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Lawe Alas in the 2021/2022 academic year.

Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Inquiri Dengan Konsep Analogi Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Materi Gerak Lurus Beraturan Dan Gerak Melingkar Beraturan

The aim of this study is to improve learning outcomes using the Inquiry learning model and Analogy Concept on Uniform Linear Motion and Uniform Circular Motion in students of SMA Negeri 4 Leihitu, Central Maluku Regency. The type of research is descriptive quantitative with one group pre-test post-test design. Analysis average normalized gain based on the initial and final test scores. The initial test results showed that all students (100%) were in the failed qualification. The lowest student achievement score is 2.63, and the highest is 18.42, with an average of 10.23. This condition indicates that students do not yet have the initial ability on Uniform Linear Motion and Uniform Circular Motion substance. After applying the Inquiry learning model and Analogy Concept in the teaching and learning process, the average score of the students' final test results was 89.18, which was in suitable qualification with the lowest score of 71.05 and the highest 97.37. Based on the average normalized gain analysis, the average normalized gain obtained 0.88, which is in the high category. This study indicates that the Inquiry learning model makes students more active in exploring knowledge to get information to solve problems given by educators so that students' memory of the substance is longer. In addition, teachers succeeded in instilling Uniform Linear Motion as the base domain, making it easier for students to understand Uniform Circular Motion as the target domain. Proves that using the Inquiry learning model with the Analogy Concept can change the activity and increase students' knowledge towards a better direction.

PENERAPAN “MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN VIDEOSRIBE” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MENGINGAT KATA KERJA PADA SMP LKIA PONTIANAK

AbstractVideoScribe Learning Media is a method that can rely on two senses at once, namely thesense of sight and the sense of hearing. In the implementation of the teaching process, theuse of the video scribe method is very helpful for students in learning Mandarin nouns. Thepurpose of this study was to examine whether the video scribe method could improvestudents' ability to remember verbs in Mandarin. The author conducted a study in SMP 1Private LKIA Pontianak, with a number of students, namely 13 boys and 12 girls. Theresults obtained through the pretest and posttest The average student's initial test score is57.6%. After using the video scribe learning media, the average student final test scoreincreased to 82.4. The author uses the criteria for school completeness as the standard ofcompleteness, which is 70. Based on the standard of school completeness scores, afterusing the video scribe learning media, the percentage of students who complete the finaltest is 88%. This indicates that the teaching method taught is quite interesting and canstrengthen students' focus in learning Mandarin.Keywords: Learning Media Verbs VideoScribe the ability to remember

Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Keterampilan Membaca Kreatif Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri Menganti

&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of online learning on creative reading skills in fifth grade students of Menganti Elementary School, Sruweng District, Kebumen Regency. This research is a quantitative research. The research was conducted with one test. The research subjects were the fifth grade students of the Menganti State Elementary School, totaling 27 students. The data source came from students. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and multiple choice tests. The data validity and analysis the normality uses the person product moment through the SPSS 20.0 for windows application using the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov technique. This research uses the approach applied is the Pre-experimental One Shot Case Study. The results showed that based on the Paired T-Test in the SPSS 20.0 application, the significance value (2-talled) of 0.061&amp;gt; 0.05 indicated that there was no significant difference between the results of the initial test scores and the results of the final test scores. This shows that there is no significant effect on the difference in treatment given to each variable. The conclusion of this study is that there is no effect on the effectiveness of online learning on the writing skills of fifth grade students at Menganti State Elementary School, Sruweng District, Kebumen Regency.&lt;/p&gt;

A Numerical Indicator of Student Cognitive Engagement and Mathematical Growth

We discuss and examine a numerical indicator—the individual gain—of students’ engagement and mathematical growth in relation to an instructor’s course aims and goals. The individual gain statistic assesses the fractional amount an individual student improves initial-test to final-test. We argue that an initial-test score and a final-test score, if the two tests are related to each other and to a course focus, can provide a numerical indication of a student’s engagement with the goals and aims of the course and the extent to which a student was prepared to work toward those goals. Results on the distribution of individual gain for students in two-year college developmental mathematics courses and in sections of a course for pre-service elementary teachers are discussed. We detail and discuss advantages of the full distribution of individual gain, particularly for allowing statistical inference for differences, compared with Richard Hake’s use of mean gain of reform classes in undergraduate physics. Other instructional benefits of using the gain statistic to examine distribution of individual student gains include: a pre-test formative assessment at beginning of instruction, providing an instructor with data for specific, targeted remediation; and planning information that informs an instructor for the effectiveness of instruction for students in that cohort.

The Frail\u2019BESTest: an adaptation of the \u201cbalance evaluation system test\u201d for frail older adults; Concurrent validity, responsiveness, validity for fall prediction and detection of slower walkers

BackgroundThe Frail’BESTest was developed in order to include frail older adults when they are using the BESTest. Recently, psychometrics properties (internal coherence, systems usefulness, complementarity and inter-rater reliability) of the Frail’BESTest were tested. To complete these analyses, this study will aim the assessment of its concurrent validity, responsiveness, predictive validity on falls occurrence, and slower walkers detection.MethodsThe correlation between the Frail’BESTest and the Gait Speed Test permitted to assess concurrent validity. The variation between the initial test score and the score obtained after the completion of a rehabilitation program was used to evaluate responsiveness with MANOVA analysis and standard response mean (SRM) calculation. Predictive validity was assessed with receiver-operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC) analysis regarding falls occurrence. Slower walkers detection thresholds were computed by receiver-operating characteristic curves for the Frail’BESTest and the Tinetti test.ResultsThe concurrent validity of the test was good (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). The Standard Error of measurement was at 2.81 points and the Minimal Detectable Change at 7.79 points for the total score of the Frail’BESTest. The SRM was at 0.41 for the Tinetti test and 0.56 for the Frail’BESTest. The AUC, computed according to fall occurrence, was at 0.71 for the Gait Speed test, 0.673 for the Tinetti test and 0.693 for the Frail’BESTest. Both the Tinetti (AUC = 0.87) and the Frail’BESTest (AUC = 0.88) were found suitable for tracking slower walkers.ConclusionConcurrent validity and responsiveness of the Frail’BESTest were good. As for the Tinetti and the Frail’BESTest, they were unable to predict efficiently falls occurrence in the tested sample. The Frail’BESTest seems enough sensitive to spot the slower walkers efficiently, using a 15/20 threshold method. The Frail’BESTest was found to be a valid and responsive clinical test, therefore it can be recommended as an outcome measure in clinical practice.

Relationship of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) with the outcome of ischemic stroke and the neurocognitive stroke biomarkers

BackgroundReliable and acceptable biomarkers are needed to anticipate the outcome and cognitive impairment following ischemic stroke. The goal of this research is to examine the association of ASPECTS with cognitive decline, biomarkers of stroke, and acute ischemic stroke outcomes. This study included 120 patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery region. The initial NIHSS, non-contrast CT brain assessed by ASPECTS, and the biomarkers of cognitive decline such as ESR, CRP, S100B, MMP9, and glutamate were investigated. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and modified Rankin scale (mRS) were evaluated after 3 months. Correlations between ASPECTS, MoCA, biomarkers of cognitive impairment, and mRS were done by Spearman correlation.ResultsThe incidence of cognitive impairment in our patients was 25.8%. Stroke biomarkers (ESR, CRP, S100B, MMP9, and glutamate) were significantly increased in cognitively disabled individuals with significantly lower mean MoCA scores than in cognitively intact patients. There was a strong direct correlation linking the initial ASPECTS and total MoCA test score after 3 months follow-up. Cases with unfavorable outcomes were older, more incidence of hypertension, and had higher average initial NIHSS (P < 0.05). While the average ASPECTS scores for the favorable outcome group of patients were significantly higher and there was a significant negative correlation between the initial ASPECTS and modified Rankin Scale score.ConclusionsASPECTS is a reliable scale to identify the extent of acute ischemic injury and could participate in assessing the outcome. ASPECTS and particular neurocognitive stroke biomarkers will enable the early detection of post-stroke cognitive impairment.Trial registration Registration of Clinical Trial Research: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04235920

ABILITIES OF CLASS IX STUDENTS MTs.N IN WRITING CRITICAL RESPONSE TEXT THROUGH CONTEXTUAL LEARNING ( CTL )

The need for mutual interaction between people in the middle of life causes the need for students as a generation to be able to communicate all the contents of their ideas and thoughts, both orally and in writing in effective language. This study directs students to be able to express their ideas and ideas through writing products of critical response text that students have learned in class IX MTs./SMP. This study involved the dependent variable (critical response text) and the independent variable (contextual learning / CTL). The research is based on the researcher's knowledge of several studies which state that contextual learning is very fun and gives students freedom in thinking patterns to decide on a phenomenon, and can even improve writing skills. This study aims to describe the skill level of students of class IX MTs.N 5 West Bandung in writing critical response texts through contextual learning (CTL). This study used a pretest and posttest design with two types of instruments, namely the observation sheet and the test sheet. The method used is an experiment with a sample of 25 class IX students. Existing data processing includes grading / scoring, grouping, calculation, and others. The results showed that the teaching and learning process of the students' skills abilities of class IX MTs.5 West Bandung in writing critical response texts through contextual learning (CTL) went well and smoothly, succeeded in accordance with the basic competencies in the syllabus. Students are more enthusiastic and the learning atmosphere becomes more active, interactive, not monotonous, and students are more free to express their ideas and thinking according to their respective abilities. Student scores also seem to have increased significantly between before and after going through the contextual learning process (CTL). ). The processed data shows that the initial test score is 59.6 and the final test score is 80.6. Meanwhile, the ability to write critical response text through the lecture method shows the initial test results of 57.1 and the final test of 72.8. Teachers and students are more intimately engaged and the learning atmosphere is more comfortable and relaxed. This is evident from the overall percentage, that 93% of students follow learning well and 7% of students do not follow learning well.Â

Chinese University Students’ Experience of WeChat-Based English-Language Vocabulary Learning

The outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide in 2020 has posed tremendous challenges to higher education globally. Teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) is among the many areas affected by the pandemic. The unexpected transition to online teaching has increased challenges for improving and/or retaining students’ language proficiency. WeChat, a popular social application in China, was widely used for TEFL at Chinese universities before COVID-19. However, it remains unclear whether the use of WeChat can facilitate Chinese university students’ English-language lexical proficiency during the pandemic. To fill this gap, the aim of the present study was two-fold: (1) it initially explored the relationship between the variables including students’ academic years, genders, and academic faculties/disciplines, and their lexical proficiency; and (2) it evaluated the effectiveness of a WeChat-assisted lexical learning (WALL) program in facilitating learning outcomes of English-language vocabulary. One hundred and thirty-three students at a university in Northern China participated in the WALL program for three weeks. As the results indicated, the independent variables had no correlation with the students’ lexical proficiency. More importantly, the students had a decline in the test scores after using the program, compared to their initial test scores. Moreover, the difference was reported to be medium. The findings further proposed questions on applying WeChat to vocabulary teaching in a large-scaled transition. The study is expected to provide insights for tertiary institutions, language practitioners, and student stakeholders to troubleshoot the potential problems regarding implementing WeChat-based TEFL pedagogies.

Learning by Using Traditional Children's Games "Sesiku" in Developing Early Childhood Character Values

The research objective was to examine learning plans, learning activities, and the impact of learning by using traditional games sesiku in building character values in Kindergartens in Bengkulu City. The children's character values that emerge from the traditional games sesiku are the character values of honesty, discipline, sportsmanship, cooperation, and help. The method used in this study was experimental. The instrument for the observation of character values was tested on 30 children aged 5-6 years. The validity used the character value of the observation guideline sheet with product-moment correlation and the reliability of the character value of the observation guideline sheet with Cronbach's Alfa. The T-test is used to see a significant difference between the two average parameters in the same sample group between the initial and final test scores. The research findings indicated that the format of the daily learning implementation plan had followed the appropriate format. The learning process integrates Bengkulu's traditional children's games into early activities outside the classroom. Bengkulu's traditional children's games are internalized into the lesson plan and teacher's lesson plan to contribute to developing character values in early childhood. In the teaching and learning process and after the end of the teaching and learning process, the character values of children can be observed from the behavior that appears, such as the character values of honesty, discipline, sportsmanship, cooperation, and help.

Chemical bonding successful learning using the “Chebo collect game”: A case study

The use of games in the chemistry learning process has a positive effect on students’ behavior, understanding, and interest in the discussed topics. A Chebo Collect (chemical bonding collects) game, which has met validity, practicality, and effectiveness criteria, is used as a medium to learn chemical bonds. This study aims to assess the use of computerized games as learning media on chemistry subjects based on the learning activities, students’ responses, and the impact of learning objectives achievement. This study was conducted on high schools in East Java, Indonesia with 32 students as the subject for a game teaching method and 30 students as control using a traditional method. The students’ activities were observed during the learning process and the tests were done using a questionnaire. The results revealed that the learning activities were more student-centered method’s and the learning outcomes reached classical completeness with the significant differences between the initial and final test scores. Students also gave positive responses to the use of Chebo collect game as a medium to learn chemical bonds. Chebo Collect game has succeeded in helping students to learn chemical bonds by making the learning a student-centered one and improving students’ learning outcomes.