Initial Product Research Articles

Biochemical analysis of H2O2-induced mutation spectra revealed that multiple damages were involved in the mutational process

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major threat to genomic integrity and believed to be one of the etiologies of cancers. Here we developed a cell-free system to analyze ROS-induced mutagenesis, in which DNA was exposed to H2O2 and then subjected to translesion DNA synthesis by various DNA polymerases. Then, frequencies of mutations on the DNA products were determined by using next-generation sequencing technology. The majority of observed mutations were either C>A or G>A, caused by dAMP insertion at G and C residues, respectively. These mutations showed similar spectra to COSMIC cancer mutational signature 18 and 36, which are proposed to be caused by ROS. The in vitro mutations can be produced by replicative DNA polymerases (yeast DNA polymerase δ and ε), suggesting that ordinary DNA replication is sufficient to produce them. Very little G>A mutation was observed immediately after exposure to H2O2, but the frequency was increased during the 24 h after the ROS was removed, indicating that the initial oxidation product of cytosine needs to be maturated into a mutagenic lesion. Glycosylase-sensitivities of these mutations suggest that the C>A were made on 8-oxoguanine or Fapy-guanine, and that G>A were most likely made on 5-hydroxycytosine modification.

A screening tool for carbon dioxide injection in gas reservoirs based on the material balance approach

Significant efforts are made to reduce the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere as part of a global scheme that aims to mitigate climate change. Carbon geological storage involves the storage of CO2 permanently in a subsurface reservoir, commonly a brine saturated aquifer, or a depleted reservoir. Carbon dioxide is also injected for enhanced oil or gas recovery (EOR/EGR). This work applies a material balance to CO2 for injection and storage in a single-phase dry and/or condensate gas reservoirs. The developed framework based on piston-like displacement can be either used for pressurising depleted gas reservoirs with CO2 or for EGR. Sensitivity studies of carbon dioxide injection in pressure depleted gas reservoirs and piston-like injection under water drive are presented for various production rates and initial reservoir pressures. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted for combinations of porosity and permeability of different formations such as sandstone, shale, and unconsolidated sand. The results show that CO2 piston-like injection in EGR is more efficient compared to first depleting the reservoir and then injecting CO2 as it controls the water influx. The recovery factors in CO2 EGR are almost insensitive to initial pressures and production rates for both single-phase and condensate gas. Higher permeability formations are much more effective, however, a formation with very high permeability may lead to stability problems.

Application of Industrial-Scale Lithium Sulphate Electrolysis in Battery Recycling

As the world charges towards electrification and sustainable transportation, it is critical that the entire supply chain is equally sustainable. Industrial processes must be tailored towards circular processes in which emissions and effluents to the environment are minimized, if not eliminated altogether. When it comes to the production of battery grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate, a critical component of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and the recovery of the lithium in spent LIBs. NORAM Electrolysis Systems Inc (NESI) has developed electrochemical technologies in which effluents are greatly reduced.NESI has developed a flexible, multi-compartment industrial electrolyser for salt splitting (NORSCAND®) applications including electrolysis of lithium sulphate to produce battery-grade lithium hydroxide (LHM). This electrolysis step can be used for the initial production of LHM or for recovering the LHM from recycling LIBs. In either case sulphuric acid is a by-product of the electrolysis process and it can then be recycled for dissolution of black mass in battery recycling processes or for e.g. SX regeneration. In both cases the incorporation of electrolysis in the flowsheet eliminates effluent streams.This presentation will outline the product quality and environmental benefits of electrolysis applied as part of a battery recycling flowsheet. It will outline the approach to electrolyser scale-up and present test and performance data from industrial-scale application. Figure 1

Dual‐Site Passivation for Bright and Stable Blue‐emitting CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets

AbstractBlue‐emitting perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are important components of high‐definition display device, but their instability to light and moisture severely hinders the commercial application. Here, a dual‐site passivation strategy is proposed and the halogen–halogen bond to surface capping molecules is applied. The bi‐functional molecule with a fluorine group and carboxyl group on the phenyl ring, would form a shell‐like molecular structure covering the nanocrystal surface at halogen and lead site via halogen‐halogen bond and coordination effect, respectively. Considering the binding strength and acid dissociation constant of several fluoro acids, the optimal optical properties and film stability confirm the para‐fluorobenzoic acid molecule provides the most effective protection for initial perovskite products account for their stronger anchoring affinity and more comprehensive surface coverage. Consequently, this work sheds light on the molecular functionality and configuration are crucial for surface properties of perovskite NCs.

Development of Learning Media For The Traditional Indonesian Hairdo Course

This research aims to explain: 1) the concept of developing instructional media for Traditional Nusantara Hairdo; 2) the process of developing instructional media for Traditional Nusantara Hairdo; 3) the feasibility of instructional media for the Traditional Nusantara Hairdo course. This research is a development study. The video was developed using the Borg and Gall approach, with stages including data collection, video planning, initial product development, product validation by experts, revision based on expert feedback, small-scale field trials, result revisions, large-scale field trials, product revision and improvement, and internal dissemination. Data collection was done using a media feasibility assessment questionnaire. The research subjects included 3 content experts, 2 media experts, and 60 potential users, namely students of the Makeup and Beauty Program, Yogyakarta State University. The research results show that the developed video is an interactive learning video for traditional Nusantara hairdos. The percentage of expert testing results in the learning aspect reached 88.33%, categorized as very feasible; content aspect reached 88.33%, categorized as very easy; and appearance aspect reached 94%, categorized as very feasible. The small-scale trial percentage is interpreted as 88.5% for appearance (very feasible), 91.66% for ease (very easy), and 91.66% for audio (very feasible). The large-scale trial percentage for appearance is 87.9% (very feasible), ease is 86.6% (very easy), and audio is 84.3% (very feasible). Therefore, this interactive learning video is deemed very suitable for use as instructional media for the Traditional Nusantara Hairdo course.

Examination the antibacterial activity for the TiO2 nanoparticles which is prepared by hydrothermal method and mixed with plant and animal extracts (Onion peels and Chitosan peels)

Initial production of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles TiO2 used the hydrothermal process. The onion peels and chitosan peel extracts, which are made using the Bio-synthesize approach. By using (UV-Vis) properties, the structural characteristics of TiO2 and TiO2 with extract from onion peels and chitosan peels were studied, and find the absorption edge of TiO2 NPs, TiO2 + onion peels and TiO2 + chitosan peels is around 236 nm, 244 nm and 237.5 nm respectively. The pattern of TiO2 for a number of peaks suggested a tetragonal rutile phase, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) research. Energy dispersive X-ray, (EDX) was done for TiO2 NPs, TiO2 + onion peels and TiO2 + chitosan peels. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) shows that the diameters ranging of TiO2 NPs, TiO2 + onion peels and TiO2 + chitosan peels from (43.32 nm to 47.77 nm), (34.11 nm to 62.77 nm) and (32.22 nm to 35.11 nm) respectively. Studying was done on the effect of TiO2 & TiO2 with extracts nanoparticles on bacterial growth, a variation was observed in the effect of the TiO2 & TiO2 with extracts on the growth of bacteria.

Statistical optimization and gamma irradiation on cephalosporin C production by Acremonium chrysogenum W42-I

Most antibiotics now used in clinical practice are cephalosporins. Acremonium (A.) chrysogenum W42-I is an intermediate strain out of W42 strain improvement program whose productivity is above that of the wild-type strain to produce the broad-spectrum antibacterial cephalosporin C (CPC). As a result, fermentation process optimization is considered because it offers the ideal environment for strains to reach their full potential. Our research aimed to combine a rational design to regulate the fermentation process environment and culture media as well as to develop mutants with high productivity. Different media were tested to obtain maximum CPC production. To maximize the production of CPC, some environmental parameters were experimentally optimized via the Box-Behnken design used for response surface methodology (RSM). There were 17 tests conducted, and each experiment's reaction was recorded. Improvement of the CPC production was further achieved via mutagenesis using gamma radiation. Results revealed that a pH of 4, an incubation period of 4 days, and an inoculum size of 1% v/v using the optimized media (CPC2) were the optimum conditions for enhancing the CPC production by 4.43-fold. In addition, gamma irradiation further enhanced production to reach 3.46-fold using an optimum dose of 2 KGy. In conclusion, in comparison to initial production levels, CPC production increased 4.43-fold because of nutritional and environmental optimization. The mutant AC8 demonstrated a roughly 3.46-fold increase in activity against its parent type. Moreover, subsequent AC8 mutant culture demonstrated excellent genetic stability.

Model Pembelajaran Aktivitas Kebugaran Jasmani melalui Permainan Puzzle Run

The aim of the researcher through this research is to produce game media products to facilitate physical fitness learning in fourth grade elementary schools. This research is a research and development (R&D). The results of the initial product expert validation obtained an average (83.3%) very good. With the revision, the safety of students and equipment was adjusted to the characteristics of elementary school students. The results of small-scale trials obtained on average (83.61%) were very good. The expert's revision results stated that it was feasible to use. The results of large-scale trials obtained on average (89.38%) are very good. Based on the results of the research analysis, the puzzle run game media can be used as a medium for learning physical fitness activities in elementary schools. suggestions for physical education teachers, it is hoped that they can use this media for learning physical fitness activities according to the media use book so that they can help students become more active and enthusiastic about participating in physical education learning at school.

RBD-specific antibody response after two doses of different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the mass vaccination campaign in Mongolia

The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign began in February 2021 and achieved a high rate of 62.7% of the total population fully vaccinated by August 16, 2021, in Mongolia. We aimed to assess the initial protective antibody production after two doses of a variety of types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the Mongolian pre-vaccine antibody-naïve adult population. This prospective study was conducted from March-April to July-August of 2021. All participants received one of the four government-proposed COVID-19 vaccines including Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2), AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S), Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), and Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac). Before receiving the first shot, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD human IgG titers were measured in all participants (n = 1833), and titers were measured 21–28 days after the second shot in a subset of participants (n = 831). We found an overall average protective antibody response of 84.8% (705 of 831 vaccinated) in 21–28 days after two doses of the four types of COVID-19 vaccines. Seropositivity and titer of protective antibodies produced after two shots of vaccine were associated with the vaccine types, age, and residence of vaccinees. Seropositivity rate varied significantly between vaccine types, 80.0% (28 of 35) for AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S; 97.0% (193 of 199) for Pfizer BNT162b2; 80.7% (474 of 587) for Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV, and 100.0% (10 of 10) for Sputnik V Gam-COVID-Vac, respectively. Immunocompromised vaccinees with increased risk for developing severe COVID-19 disease had received the Pfizer vaccine and demonstrated a high rate of seropositivity. A high geometric mean titer (GMT) was found in vaccinees who received BNT162b2, while vaccinees who received ChAdOx1-S, Sputnik V, and BBIBP-CorV showed a lower GMT. In summary, we observed first stages of the immunization campaign against COVID-19 in Mongolia have been completed successfully, with a high immunogenicity level achieved among the population with an increased risk for developing severe illness.

Open volume defect accumulation with irradiation in GaN, GaP, InAs, InP, Si, ZnO, and MgO

Vacancies are generated in semiconductor devices while operating in the space radiation environment, impacting semiconductor carrier concentrations and dynamics. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is used to probe these defect concentrations in bulk grown GaN, GaP, InAs, InP, Si, MgO, and ZnO both as-grown and as a function of 2–4 MeV proton irradiation. All samples were irradiated to yield a common initial damage production and characterized identically. In as-grown samples, PALS reveals vacancy concentrations above the saturation limit in the oxides, disabling further analysis. As a function of dose, of the materials in which defect accumulation could be probed, it is observed that GaN is the most resistant to the accumulation of defects (attributed to the Ga vacancies) and Si is the least. GaP (attributed to the Ga vacancy) and InAs exhibit slightly higher rates of vacancy accumulation than GaN. InP exhibits high defect accumulation rates approaching that of Si. This information is key to understanding the operation of a diverse set of semiconductors in the space radiation environment.

Evaluation of the biotransformation of alkali-silica reaction products by Alkalihalobacillus clausii and Bacillusthuringiensis

Currently, there are several ways to reduce the possibility of the occurrence of the alkali-silica reaction (ASR), when measures are adopted that attenuate the favorable conditions for its occurrence, avoiding possible damage to concrete structures. However, after ASR has been installed in the concrete structure, does not exist a completely efficient and economically viable solution that attenuate the expansive effects of ASR. In the present research, the ability of Alkalihalobacillus clausii (formerly Bacillus clausii) and Bacillus thuringiensis microorganisms to biotransform ASR products was studied, and thus contribute to an initial study and proposition of an alternative, to solve problems caused by expansions in concrete structures affected by ASR. The ASR products were synthesized under controlled laboratory conditions, from sources of amorphous (pyrex) silica and inoculated with microorganisms for a period of 40 days, being submitted to microstructural characterization using the XRD, DTG/TG and FTIR techniques in periods of 10, 20, 30 and 40 days. The results showed that the A. clausii and B. thuringiensis bacteria were able to biotransform the ASR products. XRD's showed that there was biotransformation of the elements contained in the samples due to the reduction in the degree of crystallinity of the samples inoculated with bacteria. Thermal analyzes showed that there was biotransformation of ASR products from reducing weight loss in samples inoculated with bacteria compared to non-inoculated samples. The FTIR's showed that the bacteria are capable of biotransforming the ASR products, reducing the vibration bands associated with the ASR products to values greater than 98 % of the initial product. The FTIR analyzes also showed that the diversity of elements present in the mineralogy of the aggregates and that are part of the metabolism of the bacteria can influence, depending on their availability, in the efficiency of the biotransformation process of the ASR products.

Paleoenvironmental Settings of the Soma Coal Basin (Turkey): Insights from Maceral Data, Biomarker, and Carbon Isotopic Composition.

Organic geochemical (TOC, pyrolysis, biomarker) and petrographic (maceral analysis) investigations together with organic carbon isotope studies were carried out to characterize in detail the depositional environment, determine the organic matter type, and assess the hydrocarbon production potential of three coal seams (KP1-upper, KM3-middle, and KM2-lower) in the Soma (Manisa, Western Anatolia) coal field in Turkey. The total organic carbon value of the upper coal seam ranged between 11.7 and 55.75%, the middle coal seam between 20.12 and 62.86%, and the lower coal seam between 50.03 and 65.71%. Coals in all three seams are characterized by low hydrogen index (HI) values (<151 mg HC/g TOC), low bitumen index (BI) (<19 g HC/g TOC), and quality index (QI) between 23 and 156 mg HC/g TOC. According to Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, the organic matter type of the coals is type III kerogen. Huminite reflectance, Tmax, and biomarker data (22S/22S+22R (C32) sterane, ββ/(αα + ββ) (C29) sterane, and MPI-1) indicate that the organic matter is not thermally mature and that the Soma-Manisa coal has reached the sub-bituminous rank. Rock-Eval data shows that coal is gas-prone and has not reached the maturity threshold required for initial gas production. The dominant maceral group is huminite while liptinite and inertinite macerals have been found in minor amounts. Groundwater index (GWI), vegetation index (VI), tissue preservation index (TPI), and gelification index (GI) parameters indicate a transition from limnic-limno-telmatic to limno-telmatic-telmatic environment from the upper seam to the lower seam. N-Alkane distributions show that paleoclimatic conditions have changed from KP1 to KM2. The higher abundance of pristane compared to phytane and low C35/C31-C35 homohopane index values demonstrate that the coals were deposited in a suboxic-oxic environment. The predominance of n-alkanes with generally high carbon number, relative variable abundances of C27-C28-C29 steranes, δ13C values, C/N ratios, and very low gammacerane index indicate a terrestrial ecosystem with nonmarine influence, although algae and microorganisms also contributed to the biomass.

Key geological factors governing sweet spots in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales of the Sichuan Basin, China

Production performance of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales varies significantly among Fuling, Weirong, and Wulong fields in the Sichuan Basin. Total organic carbon (TOC) content, mineralogy, and organic matter (OM) pore characteristics are investigated to identify key factors governing sweet spots. Siliceous shales with good preservation conditions in the Fuling Field exhibit large thickness, high TOC content and thin-section porosity (TSP), and well-developed OM macropores, thus high initial production and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). Thin carbonate-containing siliceous shales with good preservation conditions in the Weirong Field feature medium-to-high TOC and well-developed OM macropores but low TSP, leading to high initial production but low EUR. Siliceous shales with poor preservation conditions in the Wulong Field are characterized by large thickness, high TOC, low TSP and poorly-developed OM macropores, causing low initial production and EUR.Both sedimentary and preservation conditions are intrinsic decisive factors of sweet spots, as they control the mineral composition, TOC, and OM macropore development. Deep-water shales in transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) exhibit better-developed OM macropores and greater TOC compared to highstand systems tracts (HSTs). OM macropores are most prevalent in siliceous shales, followed by carbonate-containing siliceous shales and then argillaceous shales. Furthermore, good preservation conditions are conducive to retain OM macropores with low pore aspect ratio (PAR). Comparison among the three fields shows that high-TOC silicious shales with good preservation conditions are the highest in TSP and EUR. Therefore, organic richness, lithofacies, and preservation conditions are the major factors which determine OM pore development, governing the sweet spots of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales.

The Ionospheric Exploration Based on TJU#01 Meteorological Microsatellite Mission: Initial Results

AbstractThe global navigation satellite system radio occultation technique is achieving increasing significance and extensive promotion in the remote sensing of near‐earth atmosphere, climate, and ionosphere in recent three decades. Nowadays, many communities become interested in developing commercial mode in occultation measurement by launching massive nano‐ or cube satellite constellations at low costs. The TJU#01 is the first meteorological satellite of Tianjin Yunyao Aerospace Technology Co., Ltd. which was successfully launched into space on 7 December 2021. The occultation antenna onboard the satellite is able to probe both the ionosphere and atmosphere at multi‐frequencies including GPS, GLONASS, and BEIDOU systems. The microsatellite applies the same occultation antenna to receive both the atmospheric and ionospheric occultations at 100 and 1 Hz respectively. 100 Hz narrow band power and wide band power data are downloaded to the ground to generate high‐rate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) series and applied to ionospheric scintillation exploration. In this paper, the primary parameters of the satellite and occultation antenna are introduced, as well as the ionospheric data processing methodologies. The initial ionospheric products of TJU#01 are evaluated after one‐month in orbit. The TJU#01 results have a good agreement with the co‐located ground ionosonde data and COSMIC‐2 observations. The new satellite and its follow‐on missions have great capabilities and potentials in the ionospheric and space weather researches.

Abstract A015: Rapid mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production precedes NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages

Abstract Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) play a crucial role in macrophage pro-inflammatory activation, although a detailed understanding of the mechanism and kinetics by which mROS drive signaling molecules is still lacking. In general, it is thought that NF-κB activation drives mROS and general ROS production. Here, we performed a detailed kinetic analysis of mROS production during macrophage activation. We found early mROS generation after LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. Remarkably as early as 5 minutes, mROS signaling promoted initial NF-κB, MAPK activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, as established through inhibition or quenching of mROS. On the contrary NF-κB inhibition had no effect on mROS production. Our findings point to a mechanism by which mROS increase TRAF-6 ubiquitination and thus NF-κB activity. mROS inhibition reduced LPS-induced lethality in an in vivo septic shock model by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Overall, our research provides novel insights into the role of mROS as a primary messenger in the pathway of macrophage and as a regulator of inflammatory responses. We found that early mROS production promotes initial NF-κB, MAPK activation by regulating TRAF-6 ubiquitination, and that mROS inhibition can reduce LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and lethality in a septic shock model. These findings might lead to novel immunotherapeutic strategies, targeting early mROS production and control extreme inflammation in the context of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases. Citation Format: Parinaz Tavakoli Zaniani, Dimitrios Balomenos. Rapid mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production precedes NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2023 Oct 1-4; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2023;11(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A015.

Method of Redevelopment of Underground Mining Facilities

Mining is a set of industrial branches engaged in exploration, extraction, primary processing and obtaining the initial semi-finished product of elements related to minerals. Deposits are ore, non-metallic and alluvial. These deposits are mined by open pit and closed pit methods. After the end of underground operations, empty mine fields remain, which on the surface are labeled as exclusion zones. The problem of cave-in zones, under which the waste mine fields of the mining industry are located, has been particularly acute for decades. These mines are located not only under the industrial zones of populated areas, but also under residential and public areas and cause irreversible transformation of the natural environment, which leads to catastrophic consequences. Transformation of underground space is the main task of redevelopment of industrial areas of this kind. It is possible to build underground structures for other purposes in worked-out mines. Due to the fact that these structures will be maintained and operated, the change in the secondary stress fields in the mountain massif will not have such catastrophic consequences as in the case of alienation-collapse zones. Besides, the reuse of worked-out workings is economically more favorable due to the fact that sinking will be minimal. In this paper only underground mining complexes and the possibility of their reuse will be considered.

Multiple Guidance Network for Industrial Product Surface Inspection With One Labeled Target Sample.

Most automatic product surface inspection methods in industry are data-hungry and task-specific. It is difficult to collect adequate labeled samples in practice due to factors including expensive data annotation cost, inadequate samples for some categories, and limitations on the initial production stage. In this article, a multiple guidance network (MGNet) is proposed to address these issues. In the network, the feature extraction machine (FEM) produces four feature maps of different functions to enhance the inspection ability of the algorithm. Also, the probability map generation (PMG) module is designed for coarse positioning of objects. Moreover, the structures of the mutual guidance and historical guidance (HG) guarantee that the network can fully utilize the information of the auxiliary dataset. Only one support sample containing the labeled objects is required for reference, and the network can determine whether the same labeled objects exist in the query images and locate them. For a comprehensive evaluation of MGNet, three experiments are carried out using three real-world datasets. Experiment results verify that the proposed method is promising for industrial product surface inspection with one labeled target sample.

Hydrogen addition in methane-oxygen laminar inverse diffusion flames: A study focused on free radical chemiluminescence and soot formation

This study investigates the impact of H2 addition on soot formation in inverse diffusion flame (IDF) and explores the underlying mechanism of flame structure on soot formation. Experimental measurements and simulation kinetic calculations were performed to explore the influence of free radical (OH*/CH*/C2*/CO2*) chemiluminescence on soot formation mechanism. The investigation ultimately determines the relationship between free radical chemiluminescence and soot formation. The findings reveal that similar to the simulation results, the peak soot volume fraction (SVF) is reduced by approximately 60 % when the hydrogenation increases to 40 %, and the initial soot production position moves downstream of the flame. The free-radical chemiluminescence distribution is mainly concentrated at the burner exit, where the increase in hydrogen concentration leads to a decrease in CH* and C2* and an increase in OH* content in the flame. The blue region on the fuel side is consistent with the peak CH* and C2* emission region. In the soot formation, the chemiluminescence signal of free radicals is suppressed, indicating that soot formation and free radical chemiluminescence are antithetical. The results of the component yields indicate that soot formation and chemiluminescence are fueled by gas phase components (CH3, C2H3, C2H2, etc.) and there are generated in opposite pathways, which supports the above statement. Furthermore, the increase of hydrogen content inhibits the production of C2H and CH2, resulting in the decrease of C2*, CH* and CO2* radical chemiluminescence by 77.0 %, 75.1 % and 81.2 %, respectively. The decrease of soot concentration is primarily due to the increase of H2, which hinders the formation of C3H3 and C4H5-2.

Integrated Sustainable Product Design With Warranty and End-of-Use Considerations

Abstract The concept of integrated sustainable product design has recently emerged, aiming to incorporate downstream life cycle performance into the initial product design to enhance sustainability. Various sustainable product design tools based on life cycle assessment or quality function deployment have been established while the impact of reliability on circular practices has received limited attention. Recognizing the critical role of product reliability in post-design performance, this paper develops a product design optimization model that considers the warranty performance and the effect of end-of-use options. The model takes into account the effect of uncertain operating conditions on product reliability. Two optimization goals including the minimization of expected unit life cycle cost and environmental impact are achieved by the model. To demonstrate the benefits of the integrated approach, the model is applied to an electric motor design problem. The results highlight that integrating end-of-use options in the early design phase leads to adjustments in component selection and reliability design. Moreover, the circular utilization of used products enables cost savings throughout the product’s life cycle and contributes to environmental impact reduction. Lastly, the study analyzes the effects of operating conditions, warranty policies, and take-back prices for used products on design decisions, providing valuable insights for product designers.

Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) Conversion Assessment Application Program for Vocational School Students

This research aims to develop TKJI assessment software that is converted through the TKJI test application which is integrated via computer. The research method is research and development, namely developing the TKJI test assessment application through stages 1) analyzing product needs, 2) developing initial products, 3) carrying out expert validation, 4) carrying out trials, 5) revising the product, 6) product final research sample of class XII students taken randomly (ramdom). The results of the validation and testing of the TKJI application are; 1) in terms of the quality of the TKJI application, the material content quality is 97.11%, the media quality is 93.75 and the design quality is 98.61%. This shows that the TKJI test application is very feasible and suitable for use. Meanwhile, the student responses were 88.29% for the individual group, 88.75% for the small group and 83.18% for the large group with the very appropriate category. The results of this analysis can be concluded that the TKJI application is declared valid and very suitable for use as a medium for assessing the level of physical fitness for children aged 16 to 19 at the vocational school level.