Variation Of Initial pH Research Articles

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by Co2P via interfacial radical pathway for the degradation and mineralization of carbamazepine

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have raised wide attention due to the efficient degradation of pollutants. However, the low efficiency in PMS activation is still a challenge for practical application. Herein, an economic Co2P catalyst with surface-active center was constructed for PMS activation to induce fast degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ). Particularly, the removal ratio of CBZ in the Co2P/PMS system could achieve at 98% in 10 min, accompanied with the removal ratio of total organic carbon (TOC) reached 60% in 60 min. Characterizations indicated that interfacial transformation of Coδ+ to Co2+ promoted electron-rich Co center formation, which supplied electrons for PMS to produce SO4•–and •OH that were responsible for the efficient degradation of CBZ. Furthermore, potential interferences from the real water matrix, dosage of the catalyst and PMS, and variation of initial pH were carefully studied for practical applications. Besides, three possible degradation pathways of CBZ were proposed and the toxicity of the products was predicted. However, the generation of more toxic intermediates was found in the system for the radical (SO4•–and •OH) oxidation is a non-selective oxidation process. Particularly, we expect that this work can provide new insights into the regulation of reaction mechanisms, degradation routes and safe transformation in PMS-AOPs for wastewater treatment.

Preparation of micro-calcite powder using fine-bubble assisted carbonation as toothpaste material

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Calcite (CaCO3) is typically used in commercial toothpaste with particle size ranges from 1-12 μm. In the latest study, calcite was synthesized by using Ca(OH)2 precursor from natural resources However, the resulting particle size does not match the size of the toothpaste filler. This study aims to prepare micro-calcite via fine-bubble assisted carbonation as toothpaste material. Methods: The calcite powder was prepared from Ca(OH)2 analytical grade powder utilizing the fine-bubble carbonation process with the Ca(OH)2 concentration and initial pH variation. The study was started by making a Ca(OH)2 suspension with a concentration of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 M using 2.000 ml methanol as a solvent. 0.5 M NaH2PO4 solutions were utilized to adjust the initial pH of 0.5 M Ca(OH)2 suspension into 8, 9, and 10. The suspensions were aerated using CO2 fine-bubble for two hours to produce CaCO3 samples. All precipitated CaCO3 particles were characterized by PSA, Zeta-Potential, and FTIR measurements. Results: The calcite phase was identified from the FTIR transmittance. Aragonite or vaterite phase was not observed in the samples. PSA result shows the size of CaCO3 particles from samples 0.25 M to 1.25 M are as follows 3.03, 3.23, 2.79, 3.70, 0.99 μm respectively. Meanwhile, the particle sizes of CaCO3 in samples with a pH of 8, 9 and 10 are 3.00, 2.03 and 2.50 μm respectively. The zeta potential shows the value ranges from -23.2 mV to -11.9 mV, indicating fair dispersion ability. Conclusion: The fine bubble assisted carbonation method in this study helps in producing calcite in micron size that could be used as alternative fillers for toothpaste.Keywords: calcite, fine-bubble, carbonation, particle size, toothpaste

Boosting peroxymonosulfate activation by porous single-atom catalysts with FeN4O1 configuration for efficient organic pollutants degradation

The construction of single Fe atoms with favorable electron structures is highly desired to boost peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for organics degradation. Herein, this study embedded isolated Fe atoms on N, O co-doped porous carbon substrate (FeSA-N/OC), and first found the constructed FeN4O1 configuration can realize efficient PMS activation via electron transfer by inner-sphere complexation, instead of the usual reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a major role. Structural investigation showed that the FeN4O1 moieties possess high content of high spin (HS) Fe(II), resulting in the delocalization of unpaired electrons around Fe centers, which is benefit to transfer electrons when reacted with PMS. EIS and LSV curves further certified the electron transfer process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveiled that the FeN4O1 configuration can directly adsorb OO bond of PMS, leading to electron accumulation around Fe-O2 bond, and then ulteriorly trigger the electron shuttling in organics degradation. Consequently, the optimized FeSA-N/OC/PMS system exhibited superior oxidation ability for various organic pollutants, and was not affected by initial pH variation (3.19 ∼ 10.89), inorganic anions (ClO4−, Cl− and H2PO4−) and natural organic matter (NOM) interference. Importantly, the developed system presented certain applicability in the treatment of actual water from Taihu Lake basin, China. Hence, this study not only elucidates the inner-sphere complexation-oriented electron transfer mechanism between unique FeN4O1 configuration and PMS, but provides new insights into engineered single atom catalysts for wastewater purification.

Hydroxychloroquine Adsorption in Aqueous Medium Using Clinoptilolite Zeolite

The presence of drugs on a large scale in aquatic matrices raises concern and requires the study of efficient technologies to remove these compounds. This study investigated the adsorption capacity of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite (CP) in removing the drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Zeolite was characterized by BET, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and pHpzc techniques. The kinetic model that best fits the experimental data was the pseudo-first-order and the SIPS isotherm provided the best fit. The Langmuir isotherm RL separation factor (> 0.01) indicated that the adsorption process was favorable and the Freundlich isotherm (n > 1) suggested that the adsorption mechanism occurred mainly by physisorption, with intraparticle diffusion as the step limiting the process. The process was spontaneous (ΔG°ads < 0), endothermic (ΔH°ads > 0), and with increased randomness at the solid-solution interface (ΔS°ads > 0). The initial pH variation of the effluent was not favorable for the adsorption process and the zeolite was easily regenerated for later use. The ecotoxicological tests with Artemia salina and Lactuca Sativa proved that the final effluent did not show toxicity after the adsorption treatment. Based on the results obtained in this work, clinoptilolite zeolite is a potential adsorbent for reducing HCQ toxicity in aquatic matrices.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-022-05787-3.

Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi dan pH Terhadap Kandungan Nitrogen, Kalium, dan Fosfor dalam Pupuk Cair Organik Dari Limbah Kulit Pisang (Musa paradisiacal)

Fruit peel waste is a big problem nowadays because the production of waste is getting bigger as the population grows. On the other hand, fruit peel waste contains elements of N, P, K which can be used to make organic fertilizer. This research was conducted by mixing water, banana peel waste and EM-4 bacteria with the fixed variables used were banana peel waste and the amoufant of EM-4 bacterial bio activator while the independent variables used in this study were the fermentation time for (2 days, 4 days and 6 days). days), with variations in initial pH (4 and 5). Testing of organic fertilizers was carried out based on the standard method of SNI 2803. Testing of nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl method, phosphorus levels as P2O5 using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, potassium as K2O using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) instrument. The results showed that the best level of nitrogen was 1,297.43 ppm and the best level of phosphorus was 86 ppm which was produced on the second day of fermentation with a variation of initial pH 4. While the best potassium level was obtained by a variation of initial pH 5 at a fermentation time of 6 days, namely 11,735.6 ppm. Based on the analysis of the levels of N, P, K that was carried out, the organic fertilizer produced did not meet the SNI specifications.

Evaluation the effect of initial pH variations to the growth of Indonesia Indigenous Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria) HS-7 and HS-9 in CT medium

Research that aims to know the effect of initial pH variation of CT medium to the growth of Indonesia Indigenous Cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus HS (Hot Spring)-7 and HS-9 were grown at temperature 35 °C had been performed. The growth was observed by calculation of cell density and chlorophyll content measurement of Synechococcus biomass. Cell density calculations were performed every day (t0—t21) while the measurement of chlorophyll content was performed for 10 days at t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t7, t10, t14, t17, and t21. There were 5 variations of pH used in this research (pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, and pH 9). Observations were done qualitatively based on the cell density while quantitatively based on statistical analysis using Friedman and Spearman tests. The results showed that the initial pH variation of CT medium affected the growth of Synechococcus HS-7 and HS-9. Synechococcus HS-7 and HS-9 grew well at pH 7. Based on statistical analysis there were correlation between the cell density and chlorophyll content, and the initial pH variation of the CT medium did not affect the growth of Synechococcus HS-7 and HS-9.

Cadmium binding mechanisms and adsorption capacity by novel phosphorus/magnesium-engineered biochars

Novel phosphorus/magnesium-engineered biochars were prepared from poultry litter and tested for their Cd2+ retention capacity, unraveling the adsorption mechanisms. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption ability of Cd2+ by biochars and a wide range of characterization techniques were used: scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area and pore volume, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that, in general, Cd2+ removal did not drastically change with initial pH variation and was relatively fast (up to 3 h); the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided slightly better fitting to the data. Cadmium adsorption capacities of the P/Mg-engineered biochars were much higher than that of the unmodified biochar (up to 113.9 mg g−1), following the SIPS isotherm model. The surfaces of the biochars contain a rich variety of oxygen-containing functional groups as well as phosphate groups. Since the specific surface areas of the biochars are considered low (up to 25.19 m2 g−1), surface groups contributed more to Cd2+ retention. Biochars can be represented by type II isotherms with significant type H3 hysteresis patterns, which suggest the presence of asymmetrically slit-shaped pores. Complexation and precipitation were the predominant adsorption mechanisms. Thus, P/Mg-engineered biochars produced from poultry litter are considered effective and eco-friendly adsorbents for Cd2+ removal from aqueous medium, especially PLB-H3PO4-MgO, which is produced from low-cost materials.

Gustatory Stimulations and Their Capacity Influence Buffering of the Saliva

Objective: To evaluate the influence of gustatory stimuli on the buffering capacity of saliva. Material and Methods: The buccal ph of 18 male volunteers aged 18-35 years was measured after a mouthwash with 20 ml of water as a control, and in individual disposable cups they collected the saliva for two minutes. Then, each of chewed bubble gum with sugar for two minutes, discarding the gum and made new collection of saliva, for two minutes in other disposable cups individualized. After collection, each volunteer was again subject to regular brushing with toothpaste and waited another ten minutes. The same procedure was repeated with all other substances. Salivary buffer capacity was determined by Ericsson technique. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott grouping test and Mann-Whitney test at 5% probability. Estimates of Pearson correlations were calculated in order to determine possible associations between the variables. Results: It was not found statistically significant differences between the initial pH variation and after eating food (p>0.05), or between gustatory stimulation and variation of salivary buffer capacity (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no influence of gustatory stimulus aroma and flavor on the variation of salivary buffer capacity.

The Growth of Leptolyngbya HS-16 and HS-36 on 35oC with pH Variation

The observation of Leptolyngbya growth on temperature 35 o C with initial pH variation had been done. The study was descriptive research. The study aimed to determine the best initial growth pH for Leptolyngbya HS (Hot Spring)-16 and HS-36. Leptolyngbya HS-16 was isolated from Pancar Mountain hotspring, while Leptolyngbya HS-36 was isolated from Maribaya hot spring. The acidity (pH) of Pancar mountain and Maribaya hot spring was 7. Each strain was grown in Blue Green medium number 11 (BG-11) with variation initial pH (6, 7, 8 and 9) and incubated on 35 o C. Parameters was wet biomass weight of Leptolyngbya in each strain. Observation were made on 15 days with 11 sampling. From the observation, the average of wet biomass weight of Leptolyngbya HS-16 was obtained at pH 6 (0,0295 g/L), pH 7 (0,0404 g/L), pH 8 (0,03825 g/L), and pH 9 (0,02735 g/L), meanwhile Leptolyngbya HS-36 was obtained at pH 6 (0,02905 g/L), pH 7 (0,01995 g/L), pH 8 (0,05345 g/L) and pH 9 (0,05995 g/L) on the 15 th day. The results of 15 days observation showed that the best initial pH for growing Leptolyngbya HS-16 is 7, while Leptolyngbya HS-36 is 9. From this study it could be seen that Leptolyngbya HS-16 and HS-36 could be cultured with alkaline condition.

Comparative study on thorium (İv) sorption onto sodic bentonite and magnetic bentonite

In this paper, the liquid-solid extraction of Thorium (IV) is made by Sodic bentonite and Magnetic bentonite. Magnetic adsorbent can be quickly separated from a medium by a simple magnetic process, in view of these properties; some parameters were studied to assess the performance of maghemite nanocomposite clay for the removal of Thorium ions. The operating variables studied are initial La(III) concentration, pH, ionic strength, temperature and contact time. The time needed for magnetic bentonite to adsorb the maximum of Th (IV) is 45 minutes and 60 minutes for sodic bentonite. For magnetic bentonite, optimal extraction yield was achieved in a initial pH equal at 6.2 and for sodic bentonite, the variation of initial pH has no influence on the extraction yield. The sorption capacities of sodic bentonite and magnetic bentonite are 41.24 and 31.34 mg.g -1 respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data were calculated for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the sorption of Th (IV) on sodic and magnetic bentonite was better suited to the Langmuir adsorption model. Thermodynamics data leads to endothermic and spontaneous process for magnetic bentonite and exothermal for sodic bentonite. The quantitative elution study of Thorium can be realized with acetic acid for sodic bentonite and sulfuric acid for magnetic bentonite.

The effects of temperature, initial pH, and glucose concentration on biohydrogen production from Clostridium acetobutylicum

ABSTRACTUsing response surface method, 20 runs of experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of initial pH variation (5–8), temperature (25–40°C), and glucose concentration (4–12 g/l) on biohydrogen production in dark fermentation method by Clostridium acetobutylicum (PTCC 1492). Results show that the raise of temperature to 37°C leads to increase of hydrogen production volume and yield. It is also observed that while the increase of pH to 6.5 increases hydrogen production, further increment of pH declines volume and yield. Finally, it is found that increase of glucose concentration from 8g/l leads to decrease of yield and increase of production volume.

Bioformation of N-Acetylglucosamine from Shrimp Shell Chitin by Serratia marcescens PT-6 Cultured in various pH and Temperature

The study aimed to determine the effect of pH and temperature on N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) formation from shrimp shell chitin by Serratia marcescens PT-6 fermented in chitin broth medium. Parameters examined on GlcNAc formation include bacteria growth, chitinase activity (U/ml), and GlcNAc concentration in medium (mg/ ml). Bacteria growth was measured by turbidity (OD600), while chitinase activity and GlcNAc concentration in the medium were analyzed quantitatively by colorimetric assay. The variation of initial pH examined in chitin broth medium was 5; 6; 7; 8, while temperature variation was 30°C; 37°C; dan 40°C. The results show that maximum concentration of GlcNAc formed by Serratia marcescens PT-6 was 39.30 mg/ml on day 5 of fermentation, at pH 7 and temperature of 30°C. Chitinase activity on the same day was 0.007 U/ml, while OD600 value of the culture was 0.51 indicating the bacteria were in the log phase. This research implies that Serratia marcescens PT-6 is potential to be optimized further for the bioconversion process of GlcNAc from shrimp shell waste through an enzymatic method by modifying its growth environment.

Activation of sodium percarbonate with ferrous ions for degradation of chlorobenzene in aqueous solution: mechanism, pathway and comparison with hydrogen peroxide

Environmental contextIt is practicable to remediate chlorobenzene-contaminated groundwater by in situ chemical oxidation. This study shows highly efficient degradation of chlorobenzene by an Fe-based process in a wide range of pH values. The technology is feasible for the removal of chlorobenzene from aqueous solutions and is appropriate for remediation of groundwater. AbstractSodium percarbonate (SPC) could be applied as a strong oxidant to degrade organic compounds activated by transition metals. In this study, the degradation performance of chlorobenzene (CB) in the Fe2+-catalysed SPC system was investigated at different Fe2+ and SPC concentrations and pH conditions. Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion was also studied, and the SPC system was compared with the H2O2 and H2O2/Na2CO3 systems. Free radicals were identified through scavenging tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, and the reaction intermediates and by-products were determined as well. The results show that CB was completely removed when the molar concentration ratio of Fe2+/SPC/CB was 8 : 8 : 1 and that the decomposition of CB increased as the initial Fe2+/SPC dosage increased. The optimal molar concentration of Fe2+/SPC/CB was 2 : 1 : 1, and the degradation rate was inhibited when increasing or decreasing Fe2+ or SPC. CB degradation was not significantly affected by variation of initial pH, and the variation of pH during the degradation process corresponded well with the degree of Fe2+ to Fe3+ conversion and the formation of •OH. It was confirmed that •OH, O2•− and 1O2 participate in the degradation process. Moreover, not all the •OH takes part in the degradation process, as some transforms into O2•− and 1O2. The same degradation efficiency was obtained when replacing SPC by equal stoichiometric amounts of H2O2, compared with inhibition with the addition of Na2CO3. Further, a likely degradation pathway for CB is proposed based on the identified products. These results show that the Fe2+/SPC system can form the basis of a promising technology for the remediation of CB-contaminated groundwater.

EXTRACTION OF THORIUM (IV) WITH SODIUM BENTONITE AND MAGHEMIT CONTAINING MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITE BENTONITES

Liquid-solid extraction of Thorium (IV) is made by sodium bentonite and Magnetic bentonite. Magnetic adsorbent can be quickly separated from a medium by a simple magnetic process, in view of these properties, some parameters were studied to assess the performance of maghemite nanocomposite clay for the removal of Thorium ions. The operating variables studied are initial Th (IV) concentration, pH, ionic strength, temperature and contact time. The time needed for magnetic bentonite to adsorb the maximum of Th (IV) is 45 minutes and 60 minutes for sodium bentonite. For magnetic bentonite, optimal extraction yield was achieved in a initial pH equal at 6.2 and for sodium bentonite, the variation of initial pH has no influence on the extraction yield. The sorption capacities of sodium bentonite and magnetic bentonite are 41.24 and 31.34 mg.g -1 respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data were calculated for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the sorption of Th (IV) on sodium and magnetic bentonite was better suited to the Langmuir adsorption model. Thermodynamics data leads to endothermic and spontaneous process for magnetic bentonite and exothermal for sodium bentonite. The quantitative elution study of Thorium can be realized with acetic acid for sodium bentonite and sulfuric acid for magnetic bentonite.

A study on influential factors of high-phosphorus wastewater treated by electrocoagulation–ultrasound

A combined treatment of electrocoagulation and ultrasound was proposed to solve some problems which exist in the phosphorus removal processes in fine chemical industry. The intermittently discharged wastewater has the features of high initial phosphorus concentration and wide initial pH variation. The electrocoagulation-ultrasound effective performance for the removal of phosphorus was investigated. The results obtained from synthetic wastewater showed that the total phosphorus (TP) decreased from 86 to about 0.4 mg/L, and the removal efficiency reached about 99.6 %, when ultrasound was applied to the electrocoagulation cell under the optimum working conditions in 10 min. Comparatively, the TP removal efficiency of electrocoagulation group was 81.3 % and the ultrasound group has almost no change. Therefore, we can conclude that the electrocoagulation and ultrasound synergistic effect can effectively degrade high-phosphorus wastewater. We have discussed the impact of various parameters on the electrocoagulation-ultrasound based on the phosphorus removal efficiency. The results obtained from synthetic wastewater showed that the optimum working pH was found to be 6, allowing the effluent to be met the emission standards without pH adjustment. An increased current enhanced the speed of treatment significance, but higher current (>40 mA/cm(2)) enhanced ultrasonic cavitation effect causing flocculation ineffective. In addition, it was found that the optimum ultrasonic power was 4 W/cm(2) and the frequency was 20 kHz. The best ultrasound intervention and ultrasonic irradiation time were processed with electrocoagulation simultaneously. The results indicated that the electrocoagulation-ultrasound could be utilized as an attractive technique for removal of phosphate in the real wastewater.

Kinetics and statistical behavior of metals dissolution from spent petroleum catalyst using acidophilic iron oxidizing bacteria

Bioleaching of spent catalyst were carried out using Acidithiobacillus type of microorganisms. Various leaching parameters like contact time, Fe(II) concentration, particle size, pulp densities, pH and temperature were studied in details. All the four metal ions like Ni, V, Mo and Al followed dual kinetics, i.e., initial faster followed by slower rate. The leaching kinetics of Ni and V observed to be higher compared to that of Mo and Al. The thermodynamic parameters like Δ G, Δ H and Δ S for all metals were calculated. The leaching kinetics followed first order rate. Rates of dissolution of Al, V and Ni increased, and Mo decreased with increase of Fe(II) addition whereas that of all metals decreased with increase of pulp density and particle size. Leaching kinetics of Al, Mo, V increased with decrease of pH. Variation of initial pH of the leaching medium showed an inadequate effect on Ni dissolution. The rate determining step found to be pore diffusion controlled. The correlation between observed and theoretical values of leaching efficiency for different parameters was evaluated using Multi-Linear Regression Analyses which showed the significance of the leaching. A total of 5 factors were evaluated by data reduction technique using Principal Component Analysis.

EXTRACTION OF HEAVY METALS IN A SEWAGE SLUDGE-TREATED LATOSOL

The presence of heavy metals is one of the main hazards against the use of sewage sludge in agronomy. In a field experiment applications of sewage sludge in medium-textured Dark Red Latisol (DRL) were evaluated by the extraction of essential or non-essential metals with a DTPA extractor. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks subdivided into sections of 6 treatments of sewage sludge (0, 6, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t ha-1) during the first year and (0, 6, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t ha-1) during the second year. The experiment had 4 replications and 5 soil collection periods (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of sludge incorporation). Sewage sludge was applied at a mean depth of 0-20 cm. Soil sampling was undertaken during the periods of sludge incorporation so that the elements available in the soil in different doses could be evaluated Soil samples were analyzed as to fertility level. Concentrations of the metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cr were determined by atomic absorption in DTPA extractor solution. Concentrations of Cd, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cr were not detected since values were lower than the detection limit of each. Application of sewage sludge increased Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and there was an initial pH variation, albeit the latter returned concentration to its original level. Owing to the repetition of applied sludge, Cu and Zn rates in soil samples gradually increased during the two agricultural years caused by an increase in the doses of applied sewage sludge.

Cultivar Variation in Physicochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Alabama-Grown Blackberries

Abstract Blackberries are an excellent source of natural antioxidants. Fully ripened fruit of ‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Chester’, ‘Loch Ness’, ‘Navaho’ and ‘Triple Crown’ thornless blackberries were evaluated for their physicochemical and antioxidative activity. There were no consistent differences for variation in initial pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble sugar (TSS) and TSS/TA ratio values determined. Differences among cultivars with respect to reduced ascorbic acid (AA) were established, but there were no differences in either oxidized ascorbic acid (DHA) or total ascorbic acid (TAA) content. The antioxidant activity as determined by ABTS radical cation procedure for fractionated crude fruit extracts varied in response to parameters evaluated. Hydrophilic antioxidant activity (HAA) was not different among cultivars evaluated. In contrast, differences were found in lipophilic antioxidant activity (LAA) and total antioxidant activity (TAA).

Reaction of the phenyiphosphonate anion with the layered basic copper(II) nitrate [Cu2(OH)3NO3

The reaction between the phenylphosphonate anion (PP) and the layered basic copper(II) nitrate (BCN), Cu2(OH)3NO3, has been studied with the variation of initial pH (pHi; 2, 6, 11.5) and PP: BCN molar ratio (PP : BCN; 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, 4 : 1). X-Ray powder diffraction studies showed that the products (pHi of 2 or 6, PP : BCN of 2:1 or higher) were monophasic copper(II) phenylphosphonate (CPP) Cu(O3PC6H5)·H2O. However, those from pHi of 2 or 6, PP: BCN of lower than 2 : 1 were polyphasic materials of the CPP phase and the BCN phase. The products (pHi of 11.5) were polyphasic materials containing the CPP phase and copper(II) oxide phase which dominated at higher PP : BCN molar ratios. Elemental analyses of the monophasic products confirmed that two moles of phenylphosphonate anions reacted with BCN. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses of the monophasic products confirmed the loss of nitrate and the presence of water molecules. The reaction appears to proceed through a coordinative mechanism and there was no evidence for the free phenylphosphonate anion.