Initial Introduction Research Articles

Exploring the complex pre-adaptations of invasive plants to anthropogenic disturbance: a call for integration of archaeobotanical approaches.

Pre-adaptation to anthropogenic disturbance is broadly considered key for plant invasion success. Nevertheless, empirical evidence remains scarce and fragmentary, given the multifaceted nature of anthropogenic disturbance itself and the complexity of other evolutionary forces shaping the (epi)-genomes of recent native and invasive plant populations. Here, we review and critically revisit the existing theory and empirical evidence in the field of evolutionary ecology and highlight novel integrative research avenues that work at the interface with archaeology to solve open questions. The approaches suggested so far focus on contemporary plant populations, although their genomes have rapidly changed since their initial introduction in response to numerous selective and stochastic forces. We elaborate that a role of pre-adaptation to anthropogenic disturbance in plant invasion success should thus additionally be validated based on the analyses of archaeobotanical remains. Such materials, in the light of detailed knowledge on past human societies could highlight fine-scale differences in the type and timing of past disturbances. We propose a combination of archaeobotanical, ancient DNA and morphometric analyses of plant macro- and microremains to assess past community composition, and species' functional traits to unravel the timing of adaptation processes, their drivers and their long-term consequences for invasive species. Although such methodologies have proven to be feasible for numerous crop plants, they have not been yet applied to wild invasive species, which opens a wide array of insights into their evolution.

When will we have a clone? An industry perspective on the typical CLD timeline.

Cell line development (CLD) represents a complex but highly critical process during the development of a biological drug. To shed light on this crucial workflow, a team of BioPhorum members (authors) has developed and executed surveys focused on the activities and effort involved in a typical CLD campaign. An average of 27 members from different companies that participate in the BioPhorum CLD working group answered surveys covering three distinguishable stages of a standard CLD process: (1) Pre-transfection, including vector design and construction; (2) Transfection, spanning the initial introduction of vector into cells and subsequent selection and analysis of the pools; and (3) Single Cell Cloning and Lead Clone Selection, comprising methods of isolating single cells and confirming clonal origin, subsequent expansion and screening processes, and methods for identifying and banking lead clones. The surveys were very extensive, including a total of 341 questions split between antibody and complex molecule CLD processes. In this survey review, the authors interpret and highlight responses for antibody development and, where relevant, contrast complex molecule development challenges to provide a comprehensive industry perspective on the typical time and effort required to develop a CHO production cell line.

Initial experience and surgical outcomes of robotic-assisted total hysterectomy using the da Vinci SP surgical system.

The da Vinci SP surgical system is a surgical platform capable of implementing robotic-assisted surgery through a single port and was first introduced in Japan at our hospital. In this paper, we describe our experience of the initial introduction of the da Vinci SP surgical system and its surgical outcomes. This is the first report on the surgical outcomes of using da Vinci SP, and its comparison with the conventional system in Japan. After developing an application for a highly difficult new medical technology in-house, we compared the surgical outcomes (median values) of 15 patients who had undergone total hysterectomy at our hospital using the da Vinci SP (1-port) system (SP group) for uterine myoma after March 2023 and of 154 patients who underwent total hysterectomy using the conventional da Vinci Xi (four ports) system (Xi group) for uteri weighing <500 g. The results of the comparison of the characteristics between 15 patients in the SP group and 154 patients in the Xi group were as follows: uterus weight (g): 230 (90-500) versus 222 (55-496) (p = .35); surgical time (minutes): 199 (171-251) versus 198 (88-387) (p = .63); intraoperative blood loss (mL): 13 (5-82) versus 20 (2-384) (p = .17); and rate of surgical complication (%): 0.0 versus 1.3 (p = .66). The data indicated a comparable weight of the resected uterus, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and rate of surgical complications between the two groups. Robotic-assisted total hysterectomy using the da Vinci SP surgical system allowed clinicians to safely perform surgeries according to the conventional systems.

The population dynamics of Spodoptera frugiperda after its invasion in Lampung Province, Indonesia

Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest that attacks maize throughout Indonesia. As an invasive pest, the population of S. frugiperda continues to increase exponentially, leading to outbreaks. Both internal factors (biology) and external factors (weather, host, and natural enemies) can affect the growth rate of pest populations. This research was conducted to assess the population dynamics of S. frugiperda based on the extent of its infestation and damage to maize post-invasion in Lampung Province. Observations were made in maize fields in 15 districts of Lampung Province from 2019 to 2022. Damage intensity was calculated based on the leaf damage scale. Weather data from 2019 to 2022 was obtained from the Lampung Province Central Statistics Agency. The research results indicate that upon the initial introduction of S. frugiperda to Lampung Province, the population increased exponentially, as observed based on the level of infestation and damage to maize. There was an outbreak from late 2019 to early 2020, and after that, there was a population decline. The population increase coincided with the early rainy season, which is associated with the beginning of the maize planting season. Although the level of damage to the maize is considered slight, S. frugiperda can cause anywhere between 21.94% to 51.38% of damage.

Gendered subtle bias in Danish TV election debates

Abstract Trust in society is related to a perception of fairness and lack of bias. But bias has many faces. This article presents a conversation analytic study of the initial introduction of the debaters in so-called ‘presidential’ TV debates during the final stages of the general election campaigns in Denmark. The data represents a rare possibility to compare almost identical debate contexts: two different elections, but same TV channel, host, presidential debate setup and campaign contexts. The analyses show how male party leaders were given a chance to construct themselves as experienced, engaged, and hardworking politicians, while a female party leader was merely positioned with regard to her gender and age and as an underdog meeting a strong opponent. This allows us to explore how bias is not just about what is actually said and done but also about what could (based on the comparison) have been said and done.

An Individual-Based Spatial Epidemiological Model for the Spread of Plant Diseases

AbstractIn the study of plant disease epidemics, the state of each individual in the population and their spatial location should be considered when modeling disease spread. We present a model to describe the spread of plant diseases, where the infection of a susceptible individual depends on the transmission rate of infected individuals and the spatial correlation. This latter is introduced through the Matérn correlation function, accounting for spatial dependence based on distance. Almond leaf scorch disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, was used as a case study to test the behavior of the model parameters and the variability due to the characteristics and location of initial disease introduction using a proposed simulation algorithm. The greatest variability in the results depended on the range parameter of the Matérn correlation, i.e., the distance at which two observations can be considered spatially uncorrelated, and the initial introduction. The spatial distribution of individuals also had a strong influence on disease spread, highlighting that areas without trees acted as barriers when their extent was greater than the range parameter. It should be stressed that this individual-based model can be applied to other plant diseases, adapting the parameter values to their particular epidemiological characteristics.

Pengenalan Literasi Finansial Awal Pada Anak Usia Dini Di TK Aqidah Palangka Raya

This community service is motivated by the importance of introducing learning to children, especially in introducing edupreneur activities. Based on this, it is necessary to provide an introduction to edupreneur activities in terms of introduction to make children have an edupreneur spirit through activities to introduce children to early financial literacy. The aim of this community service is so that children can learn about educational activities that have been carried out, namely activities to introduce early financial literacy, and through these activities it can also teach children about transactions when selling, namely the existence of sellers and buyers using money. The target participants for this community service are children aged 5-6 years who are at the Palangka Raya Aqidah Kindergarten and students of the Early Childhood Islamic Education Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, IAIN Palangka Raya who are also actively involved in this activity. The results of this community service show that the children are very enthusiastic about participating in the initial financial literacy introduction activities that have been carried out at Bank Indonesia (BI) and the children look enthusiastic. The hope is that through the introduction of edupreneur activities carried out in early childhood, it will be able to stimulate children's cognitive abilities in recognizing early financial literacy, introduce children to the importance of edupreneurship for children, and increase children's experience because they have carried out edupreneur activities, namely through the introduction of early financial literacy. So that the aim of the introduction will be achieved optimally.

PUNCHING THIN DISCS. PART 2. INVESTIGATION OF THE INTRODUCTION OF THE CENTRAL PUNCH AT THE STAGE OF CONCAVITY FORMATION

A mathematical description of the stage of formation of concavity during the initial introduction of the central punch in the course of plastic deformation of large thin disks or disks of hard-to-deform materials is obtained.

Information Analysis of Four Well-Know U.S. Bank

The services of banks can better promote economic development and bring diversified benefits. Sometimes it can create more economic benefits and wealth for clients. So there will inevitably be competition among banks, what will happen, what are the pros and cons. This is why this paper chose 4 commercial banks become outline. This paper has conducted a comparative analysis of the following four mobile phone companies to determine which company might be the most worthwhile investment. These four companies are referred to as WF, PNC, CFG, CTBI. Because all four of them are well-known banks among publicly traded companies in the United States, we can conduct a better comparative analysis. This article will continue to expand on these foundations of professional information to ensure that all readers understand the useful information or knowledge provided in this article. Readers can search for keywords to find the specific sections they are interested in. From the initial basic introduction, financial statements to the final investment risk report and bank operation strategies.

Pemanfaatan Media Video Pada Website Dan Youtube Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Toefl Dan Menulis Abstrak Kti Calon Lulusan Unived

TOEFL is a Test of English as a Foreign Language which is a test of basic English language skills which is also one of the requirements for prospective graduates at the University of Dehasen Bengkulu. In the last few years after the Covid 19 pandemic, the TOEFL test as a graduation requirement at the University of Dehasen Bengkulu was carried out using Google Forms and information media such as websites and YouTube as intermediary media in conveying important material to prospective graduates. Apart from that, prospective graduates need to be provided with material about the importance of Scientific Writing abstracts which are related to the student's final assignment, namely the thesis. The thesis’s abstract is translated into English at UPT Bahasa Inggris to make it easier for readers to search for research reference titles through the abstract. Apart from this aim, the title of the scientific writing abstract at the University of Dehasen Bengkulu, will be translated as a reference for the thesis title in the English transcript. In the context of community service carried out by a team of lecturers from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education who collaborated with the UPT English Language Team at the University of Dehasen Bengkulu as managers and organizers of TOEFL and Thesis’s abstract translation which raised the title "Utilization of Video Media on Websites and YouTube to Improve TOEFL Skills and Scientific Writing Abstracts for Prospective UNIVED Graduates". The stages of service activities are carried out starting from preparation, needs analysis, implementation and preparation of activity reports. Delivery of socialization material by utilizing videos uploaded on the UPT Bahasa Inggris website and YouTube channel. Apart from that, the initial introduction to TOEFL was carried out through the Zoom application and WhatsApp Group management. Apart from that, test technical briefings and simulations on the use of Google Form media for the TOEFL test are carried out face-to-face alternately for prospective graduates who have difficulty and do not understand how to operate the LJK Google Form. With this activity, it is expected that there will be increased knowledge and preparation for prospective graduates before taking the TOEFL test and prospective graduates can understand the strategy of scientific writing abstract, then it is expected that this activity will continue in the future.

Evaluation of clinical knowledge of drugs causing addiction and associated social determinants among male pharmacy and nursing students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional study

Drug abuse is a rising psychological concept in many countries, and its use among individuals is increasing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Knowledge and demographic factors associated with drug abuse among male pharmacy and nursing students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This study used a cross-sectional design targeting male entry-level pharmacy and nursing students in their first and second years of Bachelor of Nursing and Doctor of Pharmacy courses. Of them, 85.3 % of the pharmacy and 75.3 % of nursing students thought that cocaine causes drug addiction, followed by heroin (pharmacy 80.7 %; nursing students 71 %), and morphine (pharmacy 75.2 %; nursing students 59.1 %). In this study, 52 % (n = 105) claimed low awareness, whereas 48 % (n = 97) indicated good understanding regarding drug addictions. Furthermore, the mean knowledge score among pharmacy students was higher (7.073 ± 2.570) in comparison to nursing (5.806 ± 2.494) (t = 3.540; p = 0. 0001). In addition, the father’s occupation was found to be significantly associated with the mean knowledge score of drug addiction (F = 2.667; p = 0.034). According to the findings, 52 % of male students had insufficient knowledge about drugs that cause addiction. Age, course of study, and father's occupation all had a substantial impact on knowledge scores. The knowledge score on the complications of addictive substances was not significantly associated with the characteristics of the students (p = 0.05). As a result, we advocate for the introduction of educational initiatives that educate students about the harmful consequences of drug addiction and how to avoid issues.

Rice Terrace Experience in Japan: An Ode to the Beauty of Seasonality and Nostalgia

Rice terraces are a time-honored agricultural feature that overcomes rough terrain and hostile growing conditions. In addition to playing an essential role in agricultural production and land conservation, rice terraces have been recognized as living cultural landscapes, important agricultural heritage, and popular agritourism destinations for their aesthetic, sociocultural, and environmental values. However, there is a lack of understanding of this emerging niche market, especially from outsider perspectives. To fill the gap, this study analyzes Google Maps reviews of seventy representative rice terraces in Japan based on a mixed-method content analysis, aiming to identify visitors’ overall experiences, seasonal perceptions, and the causes of negative experiences. The results indicate that the overall experience of rice terraces in Japan includes seven themes: agricultural landscapes, times and seasons, visual perception, accessibility and infrastructure, sense of place, Genfukei of Japan, and food. Visitors’ perceptions toward the four seasons of the rice terraces have distinctive characteristics and result in different satisfaction levels. The main reasons for negative experiences are farmland abandonment, lack of character, poor accessibility, and bad timing. Leveraging the power of netnography, the study sheds light on the sustainable development of agricultural heritage tourism through the introduction of rice terrace conservation initiatives in Japan and the exploration of rice terrace experience.

Validation of the dynamic simulation capabilities of Serpent2/Subchanflow using experimental data from the research reactor SPERT IV D-12/25

Research nuclear reactors are critical to the development of nuclear technology, but because of the complex configuration of the fuel assemblies and the different initial operating conditions, neutronic and thermal–hydraulic analyzes are performed with dedicated or adapted codes. These simulation tools might not be as accurate, since they use simple resolution methods and assumptions that do not always capture all aspects of the behavior of a nuclear research reactor. On the other hand, as time goes by, the evolution of numerical tools for the core analysis of power reactors have experienced a considerable progress. Nowadays, pin/subchannel level analysis of the core with coupled codes based on transport (SP3, MOC, SN, etc.) or Monte Carlo methods are applied in addition to the nodal diffusion codes. Hence, the research community is adapting and validating selected high-fidelity tools developed for power reactors to perform detail core analysis of e.g. Material Testing Reactors (MTR) cores at plate and subchannel level.This work deals with the validation of the high-fidelity coupled Serpent2/Subchanflow, which was modified and extended for the plate/subchannel analysis of MTR-cores, using the data of rod ejection tests performed in the SPERT IV D-12/25 reactor, especially the tests B-34 and B-35 were selected to validate the dynamic capability of Serpent2/Subchanflow. In these unique tests, experimental data e.g. thermal neutron flux, core power evolution during the rod ejection tests, and the plate cladding temperature was measured. It is noted that, due to the lack of detailed information on the initial conditions, the extraction and introduction scenarios of the transient rod for the reactivity insertion required calibrations and assumptions regarding velocity and position.The comparison of selected parameters predicted by the coupled simulations at plate/subchannel level of the SPERT IV reactor with the measured data at static and transient conditions shows excellent agreement confirming the high accuracy appropriateness of the used code for the analysis of research reactors. The calculated values of thermal neutron flux and core power evolution have a statistical error of ± 2 sigma. It was also found that the maximum temperature difference between calculated and experimental values is 7 °C and ∼ 10 °C for tests B-34 and B-35, respectively. In addition, the coupled code predicts for the first time the temperature of each plate and subchannel considering the local feedbacks between neutronics and thermal-hydraulics allowing the identification of the hottest/coldest plate in the core. The high-fidelity validation tool can provide comparison solutions for current research reactor core analysis methods, such as core analysis with point kinetics or 3D nodal diffusion codes coupled with fuel assembly-level thermal-hydraulics.

P19 The role of policy and key stakeholder decision-making in the propagation, and deceleration, of resistance evolution

Abstract Background Antimicrobials have an intangible value on reducing global health burden of infection, yet current valuation methods do not holistically capture the enablement of healthcare as a result of antimicrobials. A lack of incentive and subsequent investment into the novel antimicrobial pipeline demonstrates the urgent need for collaboration amongst those influencing the decision-making process, namely key stakeholders such as governmental bodies, industry and academia. Studies into resistance evolution focus almost entirely on proximate causes, such as the number of antibiotics used in clinical settings, or the understanding of evolutionary pathways to resistance under controlled laboratory conditions. Comparatively, the association between resistance evolution and policy decisions from governments, industry and regulatory bodies is poorly understood. Objectives The primary aim was to evaluate the multifactorial associations between β-lactam development and evolution of β-lactam resistance to inform the current and future antibiotic development pipeline. Methods To undertake this narrative report, we focussed on β-lactam antibiotics, given their clear development timeline and continuous molecular refinement to meet arising clinical and microbiological needs. As such, the evolution of resistance to β-lactams poses a significant threat to mortality, quality of life, and societal function. This report consists of six historical case studies, all of which have significantly influenced the antimicrobial resistance landscape since Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928. We include lesser-known events in our narrative, such as the establishment of the National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC), which propelled the mass commercialization of penicillin, and the subsequent emergence of penicillinases. Pivotal events such as the emergence of ESBL and MBLs into clinical settings also provide insight into the historical decision-making process by key stakeholders such as governmental bodies, industry and academia. Literature reviews were conducted with a focus on the initial introduction of a particular β-lactam into the clinic and when resistance arose. Key stakeholder activities and policy decisions made during these time periods influenced the formation of case studies. Results The case studies are as follows: (i) the influence of the NRDC in accelerated antimicrobial development; (ii) the introduction of the β-lactamase inhibitor—the influence of short-term clinical and financial benefit on prescribing behaviour; (iii) the ‘golden era’ of antibiotics—cephalosporin development and the consequences of short-term market forces; (iv) knowledge of MBL resistance prior to introduction of carbapenems in clinical settings; (v) consequences of controlled manufacturing for the global supply of piperacillin/tazobactam; and (vi) early surveillance studies and the beginning of the antimicrobial stewardship agenda. Conclusions In each case study we provide insight into how key stakeholders can improve practices by learning from past experiences, to inform the future stewardship agenda. We built a case for the need to incorporate evolutionary microbiology into policy and industrial decision-making in order to improve the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance.

Life Cycle Analysis of Biodegradable Plastics using Cradle-to-Grave Assessment

This research examines the impact of ergonomic adjustments on production settings, focusing specifically on the concept of biodegradable plastic. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses derived from the collected data. The Life cycle assessment data reveal a department-specific improvement of 28.57% in the Degradable department, demonstrating the efficacy of the implemented ergonomic solutions. Research on biodegradable plastic in workstations uncovers inconsistencies and advocates for the standardization of features to provide uniform ergonomic comfort. The Productivity and Comfort Survey demonstrates a significant correlation between perceived comfort and productivity. Based on the survey findings, there is a direct correlation between a 10% increase in productivity and a one-point increase in comfort ratings. Analysis of Training and Feedback data reveals that the introduction of training initiatives resulted in a 20% improvement in outcomes linked to attention. The analysis of this information necessitates the integration of ergonomic interventions as a fundamental aspect of Life cycle industrial practices. This integration has the potential to enhance both workplace comfort and productivity, as well as job satisfaction.

The effect of psychiatric decision unit services on inpatient admissions and mental health presentations in emergency departments: an interrupted time series analysis from two cities and one rural area in England.

High-quality evidence is lacking for the impact on healthcare utilisation of short-stay alternatives to psychiatric inpatient services for people experiencing acute and/or complex mental health crises (known in England as psychiatric decision units [PDUs]). We assessed the extent to which changes in psychiatric hospital and emergency department (ED) activity were explained by implementation of PDUs in England using a quasi-experimental approach. We conducted an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis of weekly aggregated data pre- and post-PDU implementation in one rural and two urban sites using segmented regression, adjusting for temporal and seasonal trends. Primary outcomes were changes in the number of voluntary inpatient admissions to (acute) adult psychiatric wards and number of ED adult mental health-related attendances in the 24months post-PDU implementation compared to that in the 24months pre-PDU implementation. The two PDUs (one urban and one rural) with longer (average) stays and high staff-to-patient ratios observed post-PDU decreases in the pattern of weekly voluntary psychiatric admissions relative to pre-PDU trend (Rural: -0.45%/week, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.78%, -0.12%; Urban: -0.49%/week, 95% CI=-0.73%, -0.25%); PDU implementation in each was associated with an estimated 35-38% reduction in total voluntary admissions in the post-PDU period. The (urban) PDU with the highest throughput, lowest staff-to-patient ratio and shortest average stay observed a 20% (-20.4%, CI=-29.7%, -10.0%) level reduction in mental health-related ED attendances post-PDU, although there was little impact on long-term trend. Pooled analyses across sites indicated a significant reduction in the number of voluntary admissions following PDU implementation (-16.6%, 95% CI=-23.9%, -8.5%) but no significant (long-term) trend change (-0.20%/week, 95% CI=-0.74%, 0.34%) and no short- (-2.8%, 95% CI=-19.3%, 17.0%) or long-term (0.08%/week, 95% CI=-0.13, 0.28%) effects on mental health-related ED attendances. Findings were largely unchanged in secondary (ITS) analyses that considered the introduction of other service initiatives in the study period. The introduction of PDUs was associated with an immediate reduction of voluntary psychiatric inpatient admissions. The extent to which PDUs change long-term trends of voluntary psychiatric admissions or impact on psychiatric presentations at ED may be linked to their configuration. PDUs with a large capacity, short length of stay and low staff-to-patient ratio can positively impact ED mental health presentations, while PDUs with longer length of stay and higher staff-to-patient ratios have potential to reduce voluntary psychiatric admissions over an extended period. Taken as a whole, our analyses suggest that when establishing a PDU, consideration of the primary crisis-care need that underlies the creation of the unit is key.

Revolutionizing Higher Education: Role of Digital Initiatives in India for Tackling Challenges with Innovation and Technology

The landscape of higher education in India has undergone a remarkable transformation with the introduction of digital initiatives. The proliferation of cutting-edge technologies and widespread internet connectivity has facilitated a significant evolution in the traditional educational paradigm. This paper explores the pivotal role played by digital initiatives in addressing the challenges faced by higher education in India while fostering innovation and leveraging technology to enhance the overall learning experience. The challenges confronting the Indian higher education system are multifaceted, encompassing limited access to quality education, inadequate infrastructure, shortage of skilled educators, and the need for inclusivity to cater to diverse learners. Digital initiatives have emerged as powerful solutions to bridge these gaps and democratize education. Online learning platforms, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), and virtual classrooms have effectively transcended geographical boundaries, making education accessible even in remote regions. Additionally, these initiatives have enabled personalized learning pathways, accommodating individual learning styles and paces, thereby promoting a more inclusive and diverse educational ecosystem. The integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) has further revolutionized higher education by fostering experiential and immersive learning. These technologies facilitate hands-on training, simulations, and practical skill development, significantly enhancing the employability of graduates and addressing the demand for industry-relevant skills. Furthermore, digital initiatives have empowered educators to employ innovative pedagogical approaches, creating engaging and interactive learning experiences that prioritize the needs of the students. However, the rapid adoption of digital initiatives also brings challenges that must be addressed, including the digital divide, concerns over data security, and the assurance of quality and credibility of online resources. Overcoming these challenges necessitates collaborative efforts between government bodies, educational institutions, and technology providers to establish robust infrastructure and effective policies. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of digital initiatives on higher education in India, incorporating successful case studies and best practices. It emphasizes the transformative potential of technology in redefining educational paradigms and equipping higher education institutions to embrace innovation, catering to the evolving needs of learners and the job market. This abstract emphasizes the urgent need for India’s higher education system to embrace digital initiatives and innovative technologies to revolutionize the way knowledge is imparted, accessed, and utilized. By proactively tackling challenges and promoting a culture of innovation, Indian higher education can position itself as a global leader in the digital era, empowering learners to thrive in the 21st-century knowledge economy.

Introductory concept for teaching chirality - symmetry of the asymmetric

Chirality is traditionally a problematic subject for undergraduate students at the beginning of learning organic chemistry, yet it is of great importance in life sciences. If the initial introduction of chirality is conducted carelessly, students will face ambiguity through the rest of the course and education every time they come across chirality-related subjects. Although there are numerous methods for overcoming the problems of visualization of chiral molecules in 3D space, the connection of chirality with molecular changes like vibrations and conformations is usually not explained thoroughly. In this work, chirality is introduced on dynamic (real) systems, because students from the start should perceive molecules in their natural state of constant motion and change. Apart from the proposition of the lecture concept, exercises are also included, that employ free and readily available software.

Understanding the Interpretation of Bakhtin’s Ideas in Feminist Theory

In recent years, M. Bakhtin's concepts have garnered increasing recognition in Western academic circles, finding applications in diverse fields ranging from linguistics to psychiatry. This belated recognition might appear peculiar without an appreciation for the particular historical context in which Bakhtin's ideas were introduced to the West. Their initial introduction was deeply intertwined with the evolution of feminist theory, feminist criticism, and discussions surrounding gender identity. Notably, the first English rendition of some of Bakhtin's thoughts appeared in Julia Kristeva's “Word, Dialogue and Novel” in 1966, a seminal work in feminist theory. Subsequent to this introduction, for over two decades, Bakhtinian concepts such as “voice”, “dialogism”, “hybrid construction”, “heteroglossia”, and “carnival” were predominantly employed in feminist interpretations by renowned feminist theorists, including J. Kristeva, W. Booth, and D. Bauer. This persisted even after direct translations of Bakhtin's works emerged in the 1980s. For many, this association might appear unexpected and even counterintuitive, given that Bakhtin himself did not address feminist concerns or gender topics directly, nor did he reference female authors in his literary critiques. In this article, I will examine the feminist appropriation of central Bakhtinian notions and explore how Bakhtin's theory offers a fertile ground for feminist interpretive strategies. I further contend that while this feminist embrace significantly propelled the spread of Bakhtinian concepts in the West, it simultaneously restricted their broader adoption by employing them as a “Bakhtinian toolkit” to address theoretical deficiencies and circumvent challenges in feminist theory. Often, this led to a simplistic and reductive understanding of Bakhtinian ideas. Additionally, I posit that this issue stems from a core challenge illuminated by Bakhtin's own work: translations and interpretations of the same ideas across languages are not equivalent, as they are influenced by distinct dialogic systems.

Improvements of Autopilot Technology for Electric Vehicle: Case Study of Nio ES8 Crash on Highway

In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed a significant surge in the popularity of electric and hybrid vehicles, particularly in the low to mid-level car market, attributed to their robust power output and enhanced comfort levels. Despite their current popularity, the initial introduction of these vehicles met with a tepid reception, largely owing to the radical shift in vehicle powertrain technology they represented. To bolster the market acceptance of these innovations, established and nascent automotive companies leveraged the allure of "automatic assisted driving" as a potent marketing strategy. However, this study highlights the early marketing tactics that often blurred the lines between "assisted driving" and "autonomous driving" through ambiguous linguistic representations, potentially misleading consumers regarding the actual capabilities of the technology at hand. As of now, the technology to facilitate fully autonomous vehicles remains undeveloped. This paper critically examines the repercussions of such marketing strategies, underscored by a significant traffic incident on China's Putian Expressway on August 12, 2021, which catalyzed a societal reevaluation of the reliability and safety of prevalent assisted driving systems. This research seeks to foster a nuanced understanding of the evolving dynamics in the automotive industry, emphasizing the imperative for clear, accurate marketing and the continuous development of reliable and safe assisted driving technologies. It serves as a clarion call for responsible innovation and marketing in the pursuit of a safer and more sustainable automotive future.