Initial Inquiry Research Articles

Enhanced supercapacitors and LPG sensing performance of reduced graphene oxide/cobalt chromate pigments for energy storage applications

It is imperative that an initial inquiry be conducted as soon as possible since the production of monolayer of carbon atoms (rGO) composites is the root cause of their poor performance in supercapacitor and LPG sensors. Here, an effort is undertaken to construct a cobalt chromate pigments-reduced graphene oxide (CoCr2O4/rGO) by solution combustion method for the supercapacitor and LPG sensor. The proposed method is efficient and easy in terms of its application to the production of CoCr2O4/rGO polycrystalline composite on a wide scale. Within the scope of this work is an investigation into the improved supercapacitor and LPG sensing behaviour of CoCr2O4/rGO polycrystalline composite. We have implemented a simple method that has been identified for mass-producing reduced graphene oxide. The Solution combustion technique was used, and it was successful in achieving this goal for the very first time. X-ray diffraction technique is used analyse crystallinity, phase, and structural investigation. The nature of gas sensing behaviour with a step function of LPG gas at 500 ppb was studied at room temperature for rGO, The CoCr2O4 pigments and 0.5CoCr2O4+0.5rGo polycrystalline composite samples. The gas response is maximum for 0.5CoCr2O4+0.5rGo polycrystalline composite in the order of 97% in compare with the reduced graphene oxide sample which shows the lowest sensitivity in the order of 26% on exposure of liquified petroleum gas (LPG). The recorded response and recovery times of 0.5CoCr2O4+0.5rGo polycrystalline composite is found to be 40 s and 52 s respectively in comparison to the rGO sample about 58 and 74 s respectively. By adding rGo to the material, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) findings demonstrate improved current density and area of CV loop with increased scan rate. In three-electrode reveals the system, a CoCr2O4-rGo material exhibits a specific capacitance of 226 F/g. Thus, the results reveals that rGo is contributing significantly to the enhancement of a supercapacitor's performance of CoCr2O4.

A Web-Based Cancer Self-Management Program (I-Can Manage) Targeting Treatment Toxicities and Health Behaviors: Human-Centered Co-design Approach and Cognitive Think-Aloud Usability Testing.

Patients with cancer require adequate preparation in self-management of treatment toxicities to reduce morbidity that can be achieved through well-designed digital technologies that are developed in co-design with patients and end users. We undertook a user-centered co-design process in partnership with patients and other knowledge end users to develop and iteratively test an evidence-based and theoretically informed web-based cancer self-management program (I-Can Manage). The specific study aims addressed in 2 phases were to (1) identify from the perspective of patients with cancer and clinicians the desired content, features, and functionalities for an online self-management education and support (SMES) program to enable patient self-management of treatment toxicities (phase 1); (2) develop the SMES prototype based on human-centered, health literate design principles and co-design processes; and (3) evaluate usability of the I-Can Manage prototype through user-centered testing (phase 2). We developed the I-Can Manage program using multiperspective data sources and based on humanistic and co-design principles with end users engaged through 5 phases of development. We recruited adult patients with lung, colorectal, and lymphoma cancer receiving systemic treatments from ambulatory clinics in 2 regional cancer programs for the qualitative inquiry phase. The design of the program was informed by data from qualitative interviews and focus groups, persona and journey mapping, theoretical underpinnings of social cognitive learning theory, and formalized usability testing using a cognitive think-aloud process and user satisfaction survey. A co-design team comprising key stakeholders (human design experts, patients/caregiver, clinicians, knowledge end users, and e-learning and digital design experts) was involved in the developmental process. We used a cognitive think-aloud process to test usability and participants completed the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). In the initial qualitative inquiry phase, 16 patients participated in interviews and 19 clinicians participated in interviews or focus groups and 12 key stakeholders participated in a persona journey mapping workshop to inform development of the program prototype. The I-Can Manage program integrates evidence-based information and strategies for the self-management of treatment toxicities and health-promoting behaviors in 6 e-learning modules (lay termed "chapters"), starting with an orientation to self-management. Behavioral exercises, patient written and video stories, downloadable learning resources, and online completion of goals and action plans were integrated across chapters. Patient participants (n=5) with different cancers, gender, and age worked through the program in the human factors laboratory using a cognitive think-aloud process and all key stakeholders reviewed each chapter of the program and approved revisions. Results of the PSSUQ (mean total score: 3.75) completed following the cognitive think-aloud process (n=5) suggest patient satisfaction with the usability of I-Can Manage. The I-Can Manage program has the potential for activating patients in self-management of cancer and treatment toxicities but requires testing in a larger randomized controlled trial.

Justice-Centered STEM Education with Multilingual Learners: Conceptual Framework and Initial Inquiry into Pre-Service Teachers’ Sense-Making

ABSTRACT When pressing societal challenges (e.g., COVID-19, access to clean water) are sidelined in science classrooms, science education fails to leverage the knowledge and experiences of minoritized students in school, thus reproducing injustices in society. Our conceptual framework for justice-centered STEM education engages all students in multiple STEM subjects, including data science and computer science, to explain and design solutions to pressing societal challenges and their disproportionate impact on minoritized groups. In the first part of this article, we extend our conceptual framework by articulating the affordances of justice-centered STEM education for one minoritized student group that has been traditionally denied meaningful STEM learning experiences: multilingual learners (MLs). Justice-centered STEM education with MLs leverages the assets that MLs bring to STEM learning, including their transnational knowledge and experiences as well as their rich repertoire of meaning-making resources, thus refuting deficit narratives of these students. To illustrate the affordances of justice-centered STEM education with MLs, we draw on examples from our instructional unit that engages students in the pressing societal challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second part of the article, we report on an initial inquiry into how 14 undergraduate pre-service teachers made sense of our conceptual framework after participating in lessons from our COVID-19 instructional unit. Findings indicated that pre-service teachers perceived both opportunities and obstacles of justice-centered STEM education with MLs. We close by discussing what it might take to prepare the next generation of teachers to disrupt systemic injustices in and out of school.

Microfinance Intervention and Health Outcomes of Marginalized People: A Systematic Literature Review

INTRODUCTION: People from developing countries may have poor health due to economic constraints. Microfinance institutions provide collateral-free microcredit to the unbanked people for their livelihood improvement. This study aims to assess the impact of microfinance services on the health outcomes of marginalized people. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research is based on a review of empirical studies, reports, and data. The PubMed search engine was used to locate research publications on microfinance and health. The PubMed Open Database was applied to find the publications using the keywords "microfinance" and "health." All papers that were published from January 1, 2010, to April 15, 2023, were checked for the study. 71 research papers were discovered during the initial inquiry; nine duplicate articles were eliminated, and 13 were irrelevant to the study. Finally, 50 research papers and reports were selected for evaluation. RESULTS: Health outcomes and microfinance intervention are related. Microfinance services are useful to improve access to healthcare, health initiatives/awareness, and funding for healthcare services. When financial services are integrated with health care services, the poor and marginalized people benefit from the microfinance intervention in the diverse areas of health care services such as communicable and non-communicable diseases, food security and nutrition, contraceptives, and mental health risks of intimate partner violence, as well as health awareness, quality of life, social integration, and economic wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS: Financial accessibility is important for promoting the health of the underprivileged. The poor and marginalized individuals gain from the microfinance intervention in the broad spectrum of health care services when financial services are linked with health care services.

Peace Camp

Community Music Therapy (COMT) is a development increasingly referenced and often nebulous in the field of music therapy. Depending on its description in the literature, COMT seems to be situated between an aspiration to stretch beyond boundaries of the ‘consensus model’ and serve atypical populations, and a working practical approach with clear guidelines. Curiosity around this phenomenon inspired an initial inquiry by the author into potential theoretical underpinnings to provide context and definition for its aims, namely critical theory. Through identifying the links between CoMT, critical theory/psychology, and conflict transformation–the approach utilized in modern peacekeeping–the author hoped to inspire more intentional efforts by music therapists working at the convergence of those ideas. This research culminated in the author’s master’s thesis, a critical review and attempted integration of these topics, in 2018. This article aspires to build upon that research by remapping the knowledge gained onto the experiences that catalyzed the inquiry. Through vignettes and commentary, the author uses a reflexive, critical lens to examine his tenure as a music counselor at Seeds of Peace Camp, a conflict transformation camp. By re-examining trial-by-fire moments and their aftermath, the author identifies relevant research in the aforementioned fields that may have enhanced or explained participant responses. This serves to broaden the collective understanding of the overlapping goals and practices of CoMT, critical theory/psychology and conflict transformation.

Perbedaan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Faba (Vicia faba L.) karena Faktor Lokasi Tanam dan Populasi Tanaman

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a highland legume having potential for soil conservation. Upscaling faba bean cultivation requires initial inquiry on its growth and yield. In this research, we have investigated faba bean’s growth and yield in different location (high tunnel and open field) under different population density (1, 2, and 3 plants per pot). We found that interaction between location and population has significant effect on number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot root ratio, and pods weight. Location and population independently have significant effect on plant height, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Cultivation in tunnel, be it in narrow and large planting density, has resulted in higher plants, heavier shoot dry matter, yet lighter root dry matter. Meanwhile, growing single seed per pot has resulted in higher plant and heavier root dry matter. This was applicable in both tunnel and open field. We did not find different chlorophyll content among treatments, therefore we concluded that location and population did not influence leave chlorophyll.

An Investigation into Sleep Environment as a Multi-Functional Space

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the multi-functional use of the domestic sleep environment (bedroom) and present evidence on outcomes that can be identified. By looking at the sleep environment in a broader context and considering the use of the bedroom space besides sleeping, this research responds to an information gap in sleep studies. A survey with multiple-choice questionnaire items was conducted with 304 participants in Australia to investigate the relationship between occupants’ use of the bedroom space and their sleep habits. We found evidence that today’s bedrooms are used for more than just sleeping, reflecting the respondents’ multi-functional needs. Of the respondents, 60% agreed to have a consistent sleeping routine, while 49% answered they have/might have a sleep problem. The mean hours spent in a sleeping environment are 9.31, while the sleeping mean hours are 7.12. While 40% reported using the bedroom as their living space, 61% said they prefer to use it only for sleep. Age, occupation and the bedroom’s location affect bedroom use and preferences. This study provides an initial inquiry into developing design strategies and understanding on the intertwined relationship between sleep and its environment.

Exploring differential effects of an intervention on historical inquiry tasks: a qualitative analysis of 12th-grade students’ progress

Multiple-documents-based (inquiry) tasks are often used to examine historical thinking, as they require students to apply discipline-specific ways of reasoning and writing. Intervention studies using such tasks have often relied on principles from cognitive apprenticeship to make these discipline-specific heuristics explicit to students. While several studies have found positive results, they offer little insight into how and where exactly students’ progress on historical thinking manifests itself, nor into the differential effects of the intervention. Building on essay data gathered during an intervention study on students’ historical inquiry skills, this study explores differential effects of the intervention according to students’ initial historical inquiry ability. To this end, a purposeful sample of students was selected for whom the intervention was particularly effective. The qualitative analysis of students’ essay tasks (pretest and posttest) revealed remarkable differences between students with high and low pretest scores. Although both groups made progress on all aspects of the essay task, they differed in terms of where and how this progress manifested itself: at posttest, students with a high initial score outperformed others in evaluating sources and rebuttals. This study offers insight into patterns of progress in students’ historical inquiry skills which can inform differentiation in instructional practices.

The Status of Social Health Insurance in Nepal

INTRODUCTION: Social health insurance (SHI) is a risk-sharing method-based health care financing and administration. SHI combines the contributions of people, households, businesses, and the government with people's health hazards. As a result, it shields people from financial and physical hardship and is a generally equitable way to pay for medical care. This study aims to assess the status of social health insurance in Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research is based on a review of empirical studies, reports, and data. The Google Scholar search engine was used to locate research publications on health insurance. The Google Scholar Open Database was applied to find the publications using the keywords "health insurance" or "social health insurance in Nepal." All papers that were published before July 2022 were checked for the study. Fifty-seven research papers were discovered during the initial inquiry; five duplicate articles were eliminated, and seven were out of the norm. Finally, 45 research papers and reports were selected for evaluation with the study titled "The status of health insurance in Nepal." RESULTS: This study finds that Madhesh province has poor status (4.63%) of social health insurance and province one has the highest (33.02%) of insured persons in Nepal. Females (52%) insured are higher than males (48%). The population covered by health insurance is seven percent in Nepal. Likewise, the renewal status of social health insurance is poor in Karnali province (50%) and highest in Lumbini province (85%) for the fiscal year 2021/22. CONCLUSIONS: Social health insurance is an effective strategy for fair access to healthcare services. The penetration of social health insurance is low in Nepal. Since the social health insurance program is one of the effective tools for improving the health system in developing nations like Nepal, so the government should speed up its implementation to achieve the goal of universal health coverage and sustainable development goals.

Tricyclic Antidepressants in Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain: A Review of Their Analgesic Properties in Combination With Opioids.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of commonly prescribed tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as analgesics for nociceptive and neuropathic pain in combination with opioids. Data Sources: A comprehensive literature review was conducted with the assistance of a medical reference librarian on PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science using the following search terminology: "Amitriptyline" OR "Doxepin" OR "Desipramine" OR "Imipramine" OR "Nortriptyline" OR "Clomipramine" OR "Trimipramine" AND "Analgesia." Reports of adult patients who received any TCA as an adjunctive analgesic to opioids were included. Study Selection and Data Extraction: A total of 293 results were obtained from the initial database inquiries, following which exclusion criteria were applied and 6 articles were included in this review. Three of the reports detailed the use of TCAs in the perioperative setting, whereas the remaining 3 evaluated their effect on different etiologies of neuropathic pain. Data Synthesis: Tricyclic antidepressants were found to have modest, yet not insignificant, independent analgesic properties, although the ability to provide pain relief was relegated to a select few agents. Desipramine has the most data available for use in nociceptive, postoperative pain through its ability to potentiate and prolong the analgesic effects of opioids and was not associated with adverse drug effects. Conclusions: The efficacy of TCAs for neuropathic pain was not corroborated by this review, and the anticholinergic adverse effects associated with this drug class were found to be significant. Further research is needed to quantify the efficacy of TCAs in the management of nociceptive pain.

Sexual Dysfunction in Female Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview.

Sexual dysfunction is common among females with inflammatory bowel disease and may result in issues involving intimacy, sexual activity, and satisfaction, as well both the formation and preservation of personal relationships. Risk factors for sexual dysfunction include select surgical interventions, medications, mental illnesses, and IBD-related intestinal and extraintestinal comorbidities. In addition, certain demographic factors such as age, disease type and activity may influence the severity of sexual dysfunction. Evaluation of sexual dysfunction may include the use of validated sexual functioning questionnaires, a brief mental health assessment, initial inquiry into vulvovaginal or perineal symptoms, and a gynecologic and GI-focused physical exam. An interdisciplinary care team involving IBD specialists, obstetrician-gynecologists, pelvic floor physical therapists, and primary care physicians may be best suited to provide optimal care and treatment recommendations for patients with sexual dysfunction. Options for management often include pelvic floor physical therapy, biofeedback, and mental health support. Further research is necessary to delineate the impact of IBD activity on sexual dysfunction, to determine if health outcome differences exist depending on surgical approaches utilized during J-pouch operations, and finally to evaluate the care and perceptions of patients with IBD who identify as sexual and gender minorities.

SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE: A PROPORTIONAL EXAMINATION OF RELEVANT LEGISLATION, WITH COMPARISONS TO TWO MAJOR ASIAN COUNTRIES: INDIA AND PAKISTAN

Pakistan and India consider sexual harassment a negation of basic rights. Both countries have ratified the CEDAW and their relevant laws on sexual harassment are aligned with the 19th ILO recommendation. Both Pakistani and Indian laws rely on committees to investigate allegations of workplace harassment and formulated strategies along with principles to deal with sexual harassment at the workplace. The Pakistani formulation of committee, legal structure, and relief clauses varies from that of Indian law. Indian law empowers inquiry committees with the supremacies of a civil court. However, Pakistani law has a distinct institution, i.e., the Office of Ombudsman, imbedded with the authority of both a civil and a high court. The Inquiry Committee does not have the powers of a civil court to exclusively determine the issue at hand. The Inquiry committee works under the laws and regulations of the department concerned. Furthermore, Indian law is silent on the imposition of a penalty, as opposed to Pakistani harassment law. Rights of appeal are guaranteed under Pakistani law, while the India Act, 2013 is silent on provisions of forums. Keeping in view studies related to harassment laws, one can say that Inquiry Committees would defeat the very purpose of the Acts of both countries. Initial inquiries by inquiry committees are mostly tainted with injustice. Implementation entails conceptual clarification, indulgent consideration, and construction of the laws by the panel of the Inquiry Committee, mostly not proficient in law. Members on panels of inquiry committees’ effect pro and cons in controversy. This partiality at their end is not addressed under both Acts, hence necessitated reforms in the enacted laws of both states. Keywords Harassment at workplace Acts, Asian Countries, Redressal, Inquiry Committees, Legal actions and Legal articles

O‘zbekistonda xalqaro tijorat arbitraji haqida yangi qonunchilik: amaliyorning fikri

As an international arbitration practitioner, one of the initial inquiries we make when discussing the choice of arbitration seat with clients is whether the prospective jurisdiction has adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law. This question holds significant importance. We are only about 45 minutes into this conference, and we have heard extensive discussion of the Model Law already, and I think that is for a good reason. The Model Law really does reflect the state of the art in international arbitration practice as Christina Pak alluded to earlier. When a country adopts a version of the UNCITRAL Model Law as its own national arbitration law, it sends an immediate signal to investors and members of the business community that the law is a good and reliable law, i.e., the type of law that one needs to help to develop that jurisdiction as a strong seat of arbitration and facilitate the attraction of foreign investment and trade. In the instance of Uzbekistan, when practitioners in Uzbekistan and in the region and internationally ask whether the country has an arbitration law based on the UNCITRAL Model Law, of course, the answer to that question now is “yes”.

From Mock-Up to Module: Development Practice between Planning and Prototype

In her article from 2019, Fleur Johns describes a change: from a style of development work marked by a propensity for ‘planning’, to one marked by a propensity for ‘prototyping’. Our project in this paper is to propose a modest shift in perspective. Where Johns traces a transition from old to new styles, we emphasise the enduring links between planning and prototyping, such that both styles are best understood through their ongoing relationships and entanglements. Returning to Pulse Lab Jakarta (PLJ), the site of Johns’ initial inquiry, we offer a reinterpretation of what might be novel about PLJ for development practice. Our claim is that to understand the particular intervention that PLJ represents, and the new modes of practice it produces, it may be helpful to understand PLJ's work in the manner of a ‘modular’ attachment to existing development apparatuses, that combines big data analytics with design thinking. We then develop some reflections and speculations on the forms and novelty of PLJ in light of our redescription of its work in the language of modularity.

Medical Trainee Perceptions of Mental Health, Help-Seeking, and Barriers to Access: A Qualitative Pilot Study.

To the Editor: Medical students report high rates of mental illness and/or psychiatric symptoms, but few ultimately seek care. 1 Despite this concerning trend, current understanding of the underlying reasons why many medical students forgo treatment remains incomplete. To evaluate these trends in a pilot qualitative study, 7 medical students in their third and fourth years at the University of Minnesota participated in a group interview in March 2020 related to mental illness, perceptions of stigma, and access to care. The results highlight several themes related to mental health and help-seeking behaviors among medical students. Concerns regarding mental illness focused on fear of discrimination, limited time to pursue care, and worries about one’s own competency. Many concerns reflected specific pressures and expectations placed on medical students as learners within the clinical environment, such as hesitancy to request time off or worry about being denied time off for mental health care. As one participant stated, “It feels almost like weakness to reach out for help”—a perception that was echoed by many of the participants. When discussing specific barriers to students and physicians seeking care for mental illness, there was universal agreement among participants that discriminatory attitudes within the medical field play a role. Throughout the group interview, “stigma” was a salient component of many responses and was discussed as an underlying factor in minimizing one’s behavior, one’s reluctance to pursue care, as well as a factor that negatively affected peers who needed help for a mental illness. Despite this, participants strongly supported others seeking care openly, even though this differed starkly from what they would do themselves. Although the small sample size and qualitative nature of this study limit the breadth and strength of our conclusions, it provides an initial inquiry into the perceptions that drive the culture around mental health in the medical field. Career and academic demands are often blamed for physicians’ and medical students’ reluctance to pursue care for mental illness; the themes highlighted in this group interview, however, suggest that the issue is far more complex and intersectional than might otherwise be assumed. Given this complexity, approaches to ameliorating barriers to psychiatric care must be multifocal and prioritize input from all affected stakeholders. Proactive scheduling and leave policies that affirm and promote access to health care may provide the most immediate benefit for medical professionals across career stages. Initial approaches could include increased availability of in-house counselors, diversified care options to fit individual needs, and resources to assist in identifying and accessing care. Longitudinal efforts will need to emphasize cultural shifts to redefine the concept of professionalism in medicine; in particular, care for self and family, sustained well-being, and limit-setting must be central in this process of normalizing and encouraging access to mental health care. While this longitudinal component is necessarily nebulous, effective approaches could incorporate sharing personal stories and narratives of accessing health resources successfully, especially from those in power. Acknowledgments: The authors give special thanks to the University of Minnesota Office of Measurement Services for conducting the focus group and providing qualitative data analysis.

Individual differences in students with special abilities in the canton of San Vicente

The research was based on the individual differences in students with special abilities of the elementary basic school "12 de Octubre, "of the canton San Vicente, according to initial inquiries and diagnostic tests it was possible to identify the problems, including individual differences and special abilities, which significantly affect the teaching-learning process, from this, relevant themes were established in the theoretical framework in relation to the variables, which allowed to analyze the causes and consequences of exclusion in the teaching-learning process. The aim was to determine how individual differences influence students with special abilities. The research had a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, of a bibliographic type, was applied, survey, interview, and observation sheet to investigate the behavior of students and the processes of intervention by teachers in cases of exclusion. It was obtained as a result that individual differences and special abilities negatively influence learning, being necessary that teachers, managers, and students are prepared to undertake these situations. Each student has a different way of interacting, receiving knowledge and processing it in their life.

School bullying and learning in high school students

The research was based on the study of bullying school and its impact on the learning of the students of the Educational Unit June 5 #34, of the Canuto parish, of the Chone canton. According to initial inquiries and diagnostic tests, it was possible to identify peer violence as one of the problems that significantly affects the performance of schoolchildren. From this, relevant themes were established in the theoretical framework in relation to school bullying and learning, which allowed analyzing the causes and consequences of bullying in the teaching-learning process. The objective was to determine the level of bullying and its effects on children's learning. The research had a mixed approach, that is, qualitative and quantitative, of a documentary type, with the implementation of the deductive method and the application of the survey as a data collection technique to investigate the behavior of the students and the intervention processes by of teachers in cases of school violence. It was obtained as a result that school bullying has a negative impact on student learning, due to psychological conditions, so it is necessary that teachers and parents are prepared to deal with these situations.

Understanding elderly rural stayers in China: A new model for active ageing

The phenomenon of the urban elderly staying in rural China is an emerging lifestyle that can be viewed as a Chinese model for active ageing, which is currently an underexplored phenomenon. Furthermore, the grey market has always been underrated and regarded as homogeneous, suggesting that individuals' needs are often managed by package tours. To make initial inquiries into these issues, this study collected data for Shuikou Town, Huzhou City, and used multiple clustering methods to identify the following three subgroups: wellbeing stayers, rural-life stayers, and multi-experience stayers. The qualitative analysis results showed that unlike their Western counterparts, most of the elderly rural stayers are characterised by extensive socialising, but as Chinese parents, they cannot free themselves fully from the burden of their extended family, which, altogether, leads to their unique behavioural patterns. The study thus contributes to adding a new subcategory to the global senior tourist typology.

Nextness and story organization: ‘my day’ sequences in parent-child interaction

Abstract In this paper we offer a longitudinal Conversation Analysis of talk lasting 18 months between a father and son, which reveals changes in the child’s level of Interactional Competence (IC). We propose an index of developing IC based upon Sacks’ distinction between “invited” and “volunteered” stories. While stories have a “socialization function” we suggest stories may be tracked in terms of IC also. What has been called “today narrative” routines (“What did you do at school today”, etc.), initiated by the father, predominate in a series of conversations. The analysis reveals how the child is encouraged to take extended turns through the father’s questions and comments, which are developed into a storytelling sequence. We observe that the child’s responses to the initial inquiries become more elaborate over time. Furthermore, there is a gradual resistance to the invited story format because it inhibits how the child organizes his stories. Volunteered stories obtain a more personal ‘voice’. The paper showcases the nexus between socialization and interactional competence.

Emotion, Place and Weaponisation of the Truth: The Bloody Sunday Trust and the Search for Justice

AbstractOn 30 January 1972 in Derry/Londonderry, a march protesting against the introduction of internment without trial ended with the deaths of thirteen demonstrators. The findings of the initial public inquiry, dubbed the ‘Widgery Whitewash’, resulted in decades‐long campaigning that still continues to this day. This article contextualises the events of Bloody Sunday and subsequent public inquiries while also exploring the evolution of the Bloody Sunday Justice Campaign into the Bloody Sunday Trust. It explores the Trust's use of emotion in its presentation as well as its choice of location for its own Museum of Free Derry. Finally, it combines observations of the museum with public history principles such as public outreach and community narratives to analyse whether or not the Trust's campaign and aims constitute a weaponisation of the truth. The article argues that weaponisation of the truth, rather than implying violence or confrontation, is a carefully constructed truth that has been deployed in the pursuit of justice. It concludes that the combination of significant geographical placement, the emotion evoked within and the strong sense of place presented by the Museum of Free Derry has successfully contradicted the initial Widgery Inquiry's findings. Also, the carefully designed aims of the Bloody Justice Campaign, along with the curation and presentation within the museum, have instituted a successful weaponisation of the truth in the defence of the victims and their families’ reputations while providing the platform for the pursuit of the campaign's final aim, the prosecution of those soldiers who fired the fatal shots.