Initial Copper Ion Concentration Research Articles

One step synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide composites for removal of copper ion from aqueous solution

Excessive heavy metal ions in the environment often have an impact on plant growth and human health. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide composites (CMC/GO) were prepared by a simple solution blending evaporation method to remove copper ions. The structure of CMC/GO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent CMC/GO reached 26.05 mg/g, when the pH of the solution was 5, the initial concentration of copper ions was 80 mg/L, and the dosage of the adsorbent was 0.4 g. The adsorption of copper ions onto CMC/GO is validated by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model (R = 0.99949), and the adsorption isotherm data was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm (R = 0.9990). Thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process of copper ions by composite CMC/GO is a spontaneous endothermic reaction (ΔG < 0, ΔH > 0). Moreover, the adsorbent showed better recyclability and the adsorption efficiency can still reach 85.0 % after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles.

Copper Ion Removal by Adsorption Using Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers: Process Optimization Insights from Taguchi and ANOVA Statistical Methods.

The present study aimed to use geopolymer materials synthesized from different fly ashes, which are promising for the adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions. The characterization of fly ashes and prepared adsorbents was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Taguchi and ANOVA methods were used to predict the effect of different working parameters on copper ion removal by prepared geopolymers. Based on data obtained by the Taguchi method, it was found that the factor most influencing the adsorption process is the type of adsorbent used, followed by the solution pH, the reaction time, the adsorbent dose, and the initial copper ion concentration. The ANOVA results agree with the Taguchi method. The optimal conditions of the adsorption process were: fly ash C modified by direct activation with 2 M NaOH, at 70 °C for 4 h, solution pH of 5, initial pollutant concentration of 300 mg/L, 40 g/L adsorbent dose, and 120 min of reaction time. Copper ion removal efficiency was determined experimentally under optimal conditions, achieving a value of 99.71%.

Utilization of organic-rich materials for the adsorption of copper ions from aqueous environments

This study investigated the suitability of moss peat and compost as adsorbents for removing copper ions from aqueous systems. Kinetic experiments were conducted at pH 4, 20 °C, and an initial copper ion concentration of 20 mM. Under these experimental conditions, moss peat and compost had a maximum adsorption capacity of 45.8 and 41.9 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic data was assessed using several models, and the data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model for both adsorbents. Moreover, the analysis of the isotherm data showed that the Langmuir model could fit the data, suggesting that copper ions are chemically adsorbed onto moss peat and compost. The pH value of 4.5 was the most effective for the adsorption of copper ions onto moss peat and compost. At this pH value, the maximum adsorption capacities were 60.0 mg/g for moss peat and 56.9 mg/g for compost. The characterization of moss peat and compost before and after the interaction with copper ions indicated that surface precipitation was the dominant mechanism by which copper ions were removed from aqueous systems. Copper precipitation on the surface of moss peat was higher than that on the surface of compost, and it was found to be 7.7 wt% and 3.8 wt%, respectively. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of using moss peat and compost as effective adsorbents for copper ions in highly contaminated water, particularly industrial and mining effluent.

Fractal dimension, lacunarity, and Shannon entropy of self-assembled macroscopic copper dendrites

Macroscopic copper dendrites are self-assembled in a porous hydrogel without the application of an external potential. The copper dendrites possess fractal characteristics. The impact of the medium thickness, the initial concentration of copper (II) ions, and the solvent polarity on the evolving copper dendrites are addressed by investigating the fractal dimension, lacunarity, and Shannon entropy (SE) of the structures. The analysis gives a quantitative description of the copper dendritic morphology and its connection to the mechanism of self-assembly. The fractal dimension of the dendrites falls in the range of 1.75–1.85. High self-similar complex systems show low lacunarity and high Shannon entropy, reflecting the low density of gaps and the high level of detail.

Adsorption removal of copper (II) and chromium (VI) from wastewater by Fe3O4-loaded granular activated carbon

Abstract Combining with the characteristics of Fe3O4 and activated carbon, magnetic granular activated carbon (GAC–Fe3O4) was prepared by chemical coprecipitation. With GAC–Fe3O4 as the adsorbent, the effects of GAC–Fe3O4 dosage, the initial pH of wastewater temperature, and the initial concentration of copper (II) and chromium (Ⅵ) on the removal performance were explored. The adsorption process of copper (II) and chromium (VI) on magnetic GAC was studied using adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that among these influencing factors, the pH value of wastewater plays a vital role in the removal efficiency. When the pH value was 6 and 2, the initial concentration of copper (II) and chromium (VI) ions was 5 ppm, the optimum removal efficiencies of copper (II) and chromium (VI) were 99.98 and 96.39%, respectively. As to the adsorption mechanism of GAC–Fe3O4, the adsorption of copper (II) and chromium (VI) in wastewater was more consistent with the Langmuir model. The adsorption process in this study can be well explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Enhancement of copper metal dissolution in sulfuric acid solution with oxygen and ultrasound

A new method for copper metal dissolution by simultaneous use of oxygen and ultrasound was proposed to enhance the copper dissolution rate in sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The influence factors such as ultrasonic power, oxygen flow rate, reaction temperature, initial copper ion (Cu2+) and H2SO4 concentration was studied to study the dissolution behaviour of copper metal. The dissolution rate of Cu could reach 7.52 g h−1 L−1 after the ultrasonic strengthening, which is 1.83 times higher than that without ultrasonic irradiation (4.109 g h−1 L−1). The study of leaching kinetics found that the Cu leaching process with and without ultrasound were both controlled by surface chemical reaction. The ultrasound could significantly reduce the apparent activation energy of the leaching reaction from 43.52 kJ mol−1 to 28.40 kJ mol−1. Characteristics revealed that the cavitation effect of ultrasound could increase the specific surface area of copper metal and oxygen bubble, and enhance the oxidizing capability of this leaching system, which is beneficial for the dissolution of Cu. Therefore, ultrasonic-assisted technology has provided novel insights for the hydrometallurgical recovery of copper.

Novel Fe–Mn oxide/zeolite composite material for rapid removal of toxic copper ions from aqueous solutions

In this study, Fe–Mn oxide/zeolite composites were synthesized through the coprecipitation and utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. The physico-chemical properties of the adsorbent were disclosed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, automatic micropore analyzer, and surface potential (Zeta) investigation, demonstrating the successful synthesis of the adsorbent. The abundant negative charge and hydroxyl functional group as well as pore structure on the adsorbent surface were very conducive to the removal of copper ions. The effects of adsorbent dosage, the initial concentration of copper ions, the initial pH, and the contact time on adsorption were investigated in batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal theory，which showed that the adsorption process was monolayer chemisorption. The complexation reaction of functional groups that contain oxygen, electrostatic attraction, precipitation, and physical adsorption are the primary components of the removal of copper ions mechanism. The results showed that when pH = 6, the leaching concentration of iron and manganese was lower than 0.1 mg/L. In addition, after five cycles of test, the adsorbent could still guarantee 88% of the previous adsorption capacity. The adsorbent exhibits exceptional stability, which is crucial for its use in real water bodies. Thus, this research offered a handy strategy for copper ions removal from aqueous solution.

Investigation on the Removal Performances of Heavy Metal Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Hydrate-Based Method.

Since heavy metal ion-contaminated water pollutionis becoming a serious threat to human and aquatic lives, new methods for highly efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater are important to tackle environmental problems and sustainable development. In this work, we investigate the removal performances of heavy metal copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions using a gas hydrate-based method. Efficient removal of heavy metal copper (II) ions from wastewater via a methane hydrate process was demonstrated. The influence of the temperature, hydration time, copper (II) ions concentration, and stirring rate on the removal of heavy metal copper (II) ions were evaluated. The results suggested that a maximum of 75.8% copper (II) ions were removed from aqueous solution and obtained melted water with 70.6% yield with a temperature of -2 °C, stirring speed 800 r/min, and hydration time of 4 h with aninitial copper concentration of 100 mg/L. The initial concentration of copper (II) ions in the aqueous solution could be increased to between 100 and 500 mg/L. Meanwhile, our study also indicated that 65.6% copper (II) ions were removed from aqueous solution and the yield of melted water with 56.7%, even with the initial copper concentration of 500 mg/L. This research work demonstrates great potential for general applicability to heavy metal ion-contaminated wastewater treatment and provides a reference for the application of the gas hydrate method in separation.

Copper ions biosorption onto bean shells: Kinetics, equilibrium, and process optimization studies

The removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions using bean shells as an adsorbent is presented in this paper. The influence of the solution pH on the biosorption capacity was investigated. The biosorption capacity increased with the increase in the solution pH. The pseudo-second order kinetic model showed the best agreement with the analysed experimental data, indicating that chemisorption could be a possible way of binding the copper ions to the surface of the bean shells. The Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the analysed isotherm data. The SEM-EDS analysis was performed before and after the biosorption process. The change in the morphology of the sample after the biosorption process was evident, whereby K, Mg, Si and Ca were possibly exchanged with copper ions. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box?Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the biosorption process, with the selected factors: the solution pH, initial copper ions concentration and contact time. The optimum biosorption conditions were determined to be: pH 3?4, initial copper ions concentration, 100 mg dm-3, and contact time, 10?30 min.

Evaluation of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid modified chitosan immobilized in amino-carbmated alginate matrix as a low cost adsorbent for effective Cu(II) recovery

Abstract In present work, facile synthesis of a biocompatible hybrid biosorbent based on diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) modified chitosan immobilized in organo-functionalized sodium alginate matrix (DTPA-MCSA) was carried out. DTPA-MCSA was casted in microspherical hydrogel beads. Three dimensional microporous geometry of the biosorbent remained well preserved as observed in SEM analysis which revealed the improved mechanical strength of the alginate matrix. Surface functionalization of base biopolymers was confirmed by FTIR and SEM analysis. Equilibrium sorption studies using DTPA-MCSA for Cu(II) from aqueous medium were carried out in batch mode and found considerably dependent on pH, contact sorption time, temperature and initial copper concentration. Isothermal sorption data showed close correlation with Langmuir model as evident from nonlinear fitting of data (R 2 ˜ 0.99) at different temperatures. The experimental sorption capacity (q e) was found nearly 67 mg/g using 100 mg/L initial concentration of copper ions. Kinetic studies were conducted using different initial concentrations for better elucidation of results and it showed better correlation with pseudo second order rate equation which unveiled that strong ion pair coordination and complexation exist between Cu(II) and newly grafted chelating sites of DTPA-MCSA. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The results concluded that DTPA-MCSA could be a better candidate for adsorptive remediation of copper ions from liquid waste.

Effect of pH on Adsorption of Cu2+ by Using Composite of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Kaolin

The existence of copper ions in the aquatic environment at a high level can cause negative repercussions for living organisms due to the toxic effect of bioaccumulation in the food chain. Hence, a profound effort is imperative to remove them from water effectively. Among feasible alternatives, a composite film made of PVA and kaolin is reviewed for copper removal via an adsorption mechanism. In this paper, the removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using PVA/Kaolin composite film has been studied with initial copper ions concentration within the range of 50 and 100 ppm and pH of the aqueous solution being controlled at 4, 7, and 9. The loading of 3 wt% kaolin in PVA shows the best adsorption performance in removing 99.14% of 50 ppm copper with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 5.379 mg g-1 at pH 7. The composite can maintain the adsorption performance for the removal of 100 ppm copper solution at 96.26%.

Biosorption of copper ions with olive pomace and walnut shell.

The removal of copper ions, from synthetic solutions, using walnut shell and olive pomace waste as biosorbents was studied. Synthetic copper solutions were used, and the contact time, initial pH, biosorbent dose, and initial concentration of copper ions were evaluated. The used particle size of both biosorbents was inferior to 600µm. In the elimination of copper ions, the walnut shell reached 88% (30min), and the olive pomace 86.5% (40min). The maximum removal of copper ions was at pH 5 with both biosorbents. The elimination of copper ions was constant with increasing doses of bio-sorbent; however, a decrease close to 90% in the biosorption capacity was determined, when the dose of biosorbent increased from 1 to 10g/L. The effect of the biosorption capacity increased proportionally with the initial concentration of copper ions; achieving biosorption of 8.3 and 12.9mg of Cu+2/g of biosorbent, with walnut shell and olive pomace, respectively. Both biosorbent allowed copper ions removal close to 90%; however, to the olive pomace was not necessary a size reduction and had a higher copper ions biosorption capacity than the walnut shell.

Low-Cost RSAC and Adsorption Characteristics in the Removal of Copper Ions from Wastewater

Adsorption is a typical method for treating copper-containing wastewater. Fly ash and steel slag both have a good adsorption performance, and activated clay is added in this study, too. In this study, the performance of residue and soil adsorption composite (RSAC) particles for copper ion adsorption was discussed through the substrate ratio and the influence mechanism, to achieve the win–win effect of industrial waste reuse and copper ion wastewater treatment. The results indicated that adsorption time, dosage, initial copper ion concentration, coexisting ions, and temperature showed different effects on the adsorption, respectively. Additionally, the adsorption kinetic study showed the removal of copper ions by adsorption of RSAC particles was in accordance with quasi-primary kinetic model and quasi-secondary kinetic model. The adsorption thermodynamics study shows the adsorption process of ΔG0 &lt; 0, ΔH0 &gt; 0 and ΔS0 &gt; 0, indicating that the process of copper ion adsorption by RSAC particles was spontaneous, heat-absorbing, and entropy-increasing. The research demonstrates that RSAC particles have a certain adsorption capacity for copper ion.

Removing of Copper ions from Industrial Wastewater Using Graphene oxide/Chitosan Nanocomposite

A simple method was used to create a graphene oxide/chitosan (GO/CS) nanocomposite, which was then used in batch experiments to remove copper ions from industrial wastewater under various conditions of initial concentration, adsorbent weight, pH, and contact time. Maximum removal percentage equal to 99.4 % for initial copper ion concentration of 5x10-2 mol/L at pH 6, time 75 min, temperature 25 °C, and adsorbing dose 0.1 g. The pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm adequately fit the experimental results. The process was spontaneous and endothermic, according to thermodynamic studies.

Cementation of copper on zinc in an unsubmerged jet reactor

ABSTRACT Removal of copper by cementation on zinc disc from dilute copper sulfate solution in a recirculating batch reactor which consisted of a horizontal zinc disc impinged by an axial turbulent unsubmerged jet was studied. The effect of different parameters such as initial copper ion concentration, solution velocity, nozzle diameter, and the axial distance between the zinc disc and the unsubmerged jet on the rate of copper ion removal was investigated. The rate of cementation was found to increase with increasing both the solution velocity and the nozzle diameter and decreasing the axial distance between the zinc disc and the unsubmerged jet. The rate of diffusion-controlled cementation of copper ions was expressed in terms of the mass transfer coefficient, the data were correlated by a dimensionless correlation. The high rate of mass transfer of the jet reactor qualifies the reactor for diffusion-controlled heavy metals removal from wastewater and metallic coating by cementation.

Adsorption efficiency of glycyrrhiza glabra root toward heavy metal ions: Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study on removing copper ions from wastewater

• Glycyrrhiza glabra root is effective for removing copper ions from wastewater. • Adsorption is confirmed by (EDS) and (FTIR) analyses. • Effect of biosorbent and solution characteristics are studied. • Adsorption is exothermic, reduces entropy and is described by Freundlich isotherm. • Simulations show hydroxyl functional groups have the dominant role in adsorption. Heavy metal ions in wastewater are a major source of water and soil pollution. In this study, glycyrrhiza glabra root is introduced as a novel biosorbent for removing copper ions from wastewater. The adsorption parameters (biosorbent dosage, biosorbent size, contact time, initial copper ion concentration, ionic strength and pH), as well as the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics, are studied. Molecular dynamics is also applied to simulate the adsorption using LAMMPS. Maximum adsorption occurs at the early stage (5 min) the biosorbent comes into contact with the solution containing copper ions. Results also indicate that the maximum adsorption capacity is 181.6 mg/g for the solution with the initial concentration of 400 mg/L. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) confirm the adsorption. Adsorption isotherms are best described by the Freundlich model, and the adsorption is found to be exothermic and entropy-decreasing. Molecular dynamics simulations of the non-bonding interactions between the biosorbent oxygens and the copper ions show that the oxygen atoms of hydroxyl functional groups (R - O - H) are most influential in the adsorption. The results of the study could suggest the cultivation of glycyrrhiza glabra as a cheap and environmentally friendly biosorbent for wastewater treatment.

Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution using PE/PP non-woven fabric grafted with poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] phosphate)

This study aimed to apply simultaneous grafting induced by radiation to prepare adsorbents for removal of copper ions. Polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric (PE/PP NWF) was functionalized with bis[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) via radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) to yield PE/PP NWF-g-PBMEP adsorbent. Effects of parameters such as monomer concentration and radiation dose on degree of grafting and efficiency of adsorption were investigated. Chemical and morphological characterizations of the prepared adsorbents were performed. The optimum condition for the preparation of PE/PP NWF-g-PBMEP adsorbent suitable for the adsorption of copper ions was at 2.5% BMEP concentration and 1 kGy of gamma radiation by simultaneous RIGP. Batch tests were performed to examine the efficiency of copper ions adsorption, in terms of the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm and mechanisms of the adsorption. Effects of initial concentration of copper ions, time and pH on the adsorption were investigated. Results were proved to fit to Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetics. The adsorbent’s maximum adsorption capacity was 35.96 mg g−1 at 90 mg/L initial concentration of Cu2+ at pH 5. The reusability of the adsorbent was examined at 10 mg/L initial concentration of copper ions. The adsorption/desorption study showed that the adsorbents can be reused for four cycles with effective performance for Cu(II) ions removal from aqueous solution.

Study Of The Stability Of Water-In-Oil Emulsion Intended for the Extraction of Heavy Metals Application: Copper Ions

This work aims to optimize the parameters that affect the stability of a W/O emulsion to exploit it in the extraction of heavy metals contained in the liquid effluents. The study of the emulsion stability shows that; an emulsification time of 10 minutes, a surfactant concentration of Span80 equal to 3% (w/w), an extractant concentration of Triethylamine N(CH2CH3)3 equal to 5% (w/w), an internal phase concentration of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) of 0.75M, a volume ratio of membrane phase to internal phase of 1, a volume ratio of external phase to the emulsion of 20 and a stirring speed of 180 rpm; lead to the formation of a very stable emulsion with a very low rupture rate of around 1.92% after one hour of contact time. The results of extraction of copper ions revealed that under the best operational conditions, the extraction yield was closed to 93.33% for 20% extractant content, a contact time of 12 minutes, and an initial concentration of copper ions of 400 ppm. The application of this new membrane matrix based on phosphoric acid used as inner phase, sorbitan monooleate as a surfactant, and Triethylamine as extractant has been proven effective for extracting copper ions in water.

Sodium alginate encapsulated Moroccan clay as eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for copper ions from aqueous medium

Water pollution with copper (Cu) has a significant impact on the environment and human health. Within this context, the present study aims to synthesize a composite bead based on Moroccan natural clay from Chaouia (CH) and sodium alginate (Na-AL) as adsorbents to remove copper ions from aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The effect of adsorbent dose, kinetic time, initial concentration of copper ions and temperature were investigated. Nonlinear regression was applied to fit the isothermal and kinetic models. The results showed that the clay is composed of kaolinite and quartz and the SEM confirmed the successful incorporation of sodium alginate into the clay. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 48.24 and 92.44 mg.g−1 for the clay (CH) and the beads composite designated as (CH@AL), respectively. Pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetic data. Moreover, the thermodynamics of the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. All of these results proved that the used adsorbents are eco-friendly and efficient for the adsorption of Cu(II) ions.

Study on acidified carbon nanotubes modified polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane

In this paper, the adsorption capacity of CNT modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) film on copper ions under different conditions was studied by the adsorption experiment of the prepared multilayer diazo resin acidified carbon nanotubes/PAN composite film. The concentration of copper ion solution before and after adsorption was measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The results show that the adsorption capacity of the pan film modified by CNT increases first and then reaches the adsorption equilibrium with the increase of the adsorption time of copper ion, and the adsorption capacity of the pan film modified by CNT increases with the increase of the initial concentration of copper ion and the external temperature With the increase of solution pH, the adsorption capacity of CNT modified polyacrylonitrile membrane to copper ion increases first and then decreases; after multiple desorption/adsorption of the modified membrane which has reached adsorption equilibrium, the membrane still has CNT adsorption capacity to copper ion, indicating that the membrane has excellent recycling performance.