Initial Concept Research Articles

The bricolage mode of emergency medical teams in China: deficient and in urgent need of transformation-A qualitative study.

Emergency medical rescue plays a vital role in alleviating the harm of all kinds of emergencies to people's physical and mental health and life safety. The current emergency medical teams (EMTs) formation model is not unified. We focused on the disadvantages of the bricolage mode of China EMTs and put forward empirical-based countermeasures to improve the emergency management ability of EMTs. From March to September 2022, 23 leaders of EMTs in North China (Tianjin) were selected by objective sampling method to conduct one-to-half structured in-depth interviews. Nvivo12.0 software was used for three-level coding. The disadvantages of the bricolage model of EMT were analyzed. Based on the three-level coding, 150 initial concepts, 36 sub-coding, 17 main coding, six categories, and two core categories were sorted out. Management structure, internal stability, and support are recognized as the crucial elements armed with the EMTs. The bricolage EMTs have disadvantages such as a chaotic management structure, weak internal stability, and inadequate support. It is necessary to construct full-time EMTs that incorporate a standardized personnel admission mechanism, full-time training and exercise mechanism, diversified incentive mechanism, and multi-agent cooperation mechanism, etc.

Comparative analysis of genomic characteristics and immune response between Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains cultured continuously for 25 years and H37Rv.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, emphasizing the critical need for effective preventive measures. Although many studies have tried to develop new attenuated vaccines, there is no effective TB vaccine. In this study, we report a novel attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) strain, CHVAC-25, cultured continuously for 25 years in the laboratory. CHVAC-25 exhibited significantly reduced virulence compared to both the virulent H37Rv strain in C57BL/6J and severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice. The comparative genomic analysis identified 93 potential absent genomic segments and 65 single nucleotide polymorphic sites across 47 coding genes. Notably, the deletion mutation of ppsC (Rv2933) involved in phthiocerol dimycocerosate synthesis likely contributes to CHVAC-25 virulence attenuation. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of immune responses between H37Rv- and CHVAC-25-infected macrophages showed that CHVAC-25 triggered a robust upregulation of 173 genes, particularly cytokines crucial for combating M. tb infection. Additionally, the survival of CHVAC-25 was significantly reduced compared to H37Rv in macrophages. These findings reiterate the possibility of obtaining attenuated M. tb strains through prolonged laboratory cultivation, echoing the initial conception of H37Ra nearly a century ago. Additionally, the similarity of CHVAC-25 to genotypes associated with attenuated M. tb vaccine positions it as a promising candidate for TB vaccine development.

Pembelajaran Materi Nilai Tempat Bilangan Berbasis ICARE (Introduction, Connection, Application, Reflection dan Extension) Terintegrasi Islam di Kelas II SD/MI

Mathematics is often considered a scary and difficult subject, many students do not like mathematics. This happens because the initial concept of the material is not fully mastered by students, because students will have difficulty learning higher material concepts if they do not have a strong understanding of the basic concepts of simple material, in this study is the place value of numbers. Students who have a strong understanding of place value material will be facilitated in mastering further, more complex material. Place value material is important to understand before entering into more complex material levels such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of place value material integrated with Islam based on ICARE model at grade II SD/MI. This study used a qualitative research method with a library research approach. The results of this study are place value material developed using the ICARE model integrated with Islam so that students are able to experience meaningful learning integrated with Islam and understand mathematical concepts.

Parliamentary Systems in Continental European Countries and its Relationship to the Effectiveness of Legislative Institutions

Every country has a unique style regarding the parliamentary system they follow. This parliamentary system may experience changes or developments that differ from the initial concept. It is expected because each country has other political, cultural, social, and economic conditions. It is normative legal research with a historical and conceptual approach, then conducted in a comparative study. The results of this study found that the French parliamentary system is included in the category of Medium-Strength bicameralism with asymmetrical and incongruent characteristics. The Dutch parliament belongs to medium-strength bicameralism with symmetrical and harmonious features. The Austrian legislature, known as the Bundesrat, does not have the same power as the Nationalrat, so the management of the two chambers of parliament is asymmetrical. Meanwhile, the parliamentary system in Indonesia can be classified as medium-strength bicameralism with asymmetrical and incongruent buildings. The parliamentary system can indirectly affect the effectiveness of the legislature's performance. Sometimes, the system adopted can make parliament an effective and efficient institution or vice versa. A small example is France, which can complete over 50% of proposed legislation in one year. Meanwhile, from 2020-2024, only 17 draft laws were constructed in Indonesia out of 215 registered. This figure is only 7.9% of the total proposed bill. Suppose the parliamentary system adopted has yet to bring parliament into a better, transparent, efficient, and open legislative body. In that case, the system can be re-evaluated by considering the existing ideal parliamentary concept.

Exploring color concepts in physics education: Addressing common preconceptions among teachers‐in‐training

AbstractIn the field of physics education, the identification of students' preconceptions—especially regarding light and color—has been pivotal, as these foundational ideas often persist through higher education. Within teacher education, this is particularly crucial, as these early conceptions can deeply influence how future educators understand and teach these concepts, highlighting the need for an approach that weaves these initial understandings into a coherent scientific framework. Instructing students on color concepts reveals that many grapple with the fundamental optical principles. These initial understandings are integral to designing educational sequences that facilitate conceptual evolution, allowing for a deeper grasp of scientific ideas. This study aimed to examine and interpret the initial conceptions that aspiring primary and secondary educators hold about color and its optical fundamentals, while also developing and applying virtual teaching resources to promote a conceptual change about these foundational concepts. A quasi‐experimental approach was employed, comprising control and experimental groups, and utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods for a comprehensive analysis. Engaging 409 trainee teachers through non‐probabilistic sampling, the study stratified participants by degree program. These groupings facilitated a comparative evaluation of the pedagogical efficacy of the educational resources developed. The study utilized an online assessment comprising single‐answer multiple‐choice questions, grounded in prior research, which was psychometrically validated. Educational tools were then developed and implemented to foster a deeper understanding of color concepts among prospective teachers. Results analysis highlighted the existence of preconceptions about color among participants from diverse educational backgrounds. The interventions employed were effective in catalyzing a shift in conceptual understanding and in elevating the knowledge levels of the trainee teachers.

Five-Tier Instrument to Identify Students' Misconceptions and Representation: A Systematic Literature Review

Initial knowledge and conception are one of the factors that have a major influence on learning activities. This is the basis for building students' knowledge of a material concept. However, not all students have the same ability, there are students who have low ability to build concepts. As a result, students who have low ability to build concepts may experience misconceptions that have an impact on their learning outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to have an appropriate test instrument to identify misconceptions and multiple representation profiles especially in chemistry learning materials, one of which is the topic of reaction rate. This article aims to provide an overview of the application of the five-tier diagnostic instrument in identifying misconceptions and profiles of students' misconceptions about reaction rates. The method used is the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) from literature studies from 2011 to 2021 which are available in the ERIC, SINTA, and Google Scholar databases. The findings of the research results show that the five-tier test instrument can identify students' misconceptions about learning material. Information obtained from the use of the instrument can be used to determine the development of students' ability to understand chemistry using representations.

Designing a Paradigmatic Model of Nostalgic Emotions and Preferences of Sports Consumers with a Grounded Theory Approach

Objective: The aim of this research was to design a model of nostalgic emotions and preferences of sports consumers using the grounded theory approach. Methodology: This research is qualitative in nature and applied-developmental in its aim. The participants in the study included academic experts in the field of sports marketing management, managers and executive marketers of sports organizations, and 22 relevant scientific articles, selected for interviews through theoretical sampling. Data analysis was conducted over more than three rounds of interviews until reaching theoretical saturation and consensus on identifying constructs, categories, concepts, and indicators within six constructs: causal conditions, the central and core phenomenon, strategies, contextual and intervening conditions, and outcomes, following the systematic model of Strauss and Corbin. Findings: At the open coding stage, 180 indicators (initial concepts) were identified. In axial coding, considering the semantic proximity of the identified concepts, 160 secondary concepts and 31 categories were classified into four main axes (drivers, barriers, stimulants, and requirements) through selective coding, within the six constructs of the Strauss and Corbin paradigmatic model. Conclusion: The results of the study can enhance the awareness of sports marketing managers regarding the optimal development of nostalgic dimensions of sports products and the preferences of sports consumers.

История для народа в «Ермаке» Л.Н. Толстого: Строгановский сюжет

The article attempts to contextualize Leo Tolstoy’s short story “Ermak,” to study the range of sources that were in the author’s field of view, and, finally, to correlate the story with the long-standing debate on the role of the Stroganov merchant family in the acquisition of Siberia. The article shows how this short story, adapted for the common people, inherits the historiosophical program formulated by the writer in the novel “War and Peace.” The article analyzes the discussion on the degree of reliability of the Stroganov chronicle, initiated by prominent historians such as G.I. Spassky, P.A. Slovtsov, N.G. Ustryalov, P.I. Nebolsin, etc. It also shows that the basis of Tolstoy’s plot was the creatively rethought idea of migration of peoples posed by S.M. Solovyov in his work “The History of Russia Since Ancient Times.” In the course of the analysis, the prime attention was directed on Tolstoy’s views on the driving forces of history, the evolution of “Ermak” initial concept regarding its dependence on the story “The Cossacks,” motif-plot and imagological links with several stories of the “The Second Russian Book for Reading” and other Tolstoy’s 1860s–1870s works.

Advances in Antibody-Based Therapeutics: From Design to Clinical Applications

Advances in Antibody-Based Therapeutics: From Design to Clinical Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in antibody-based therapeutics, spanning from initial design concepts to their translation into clinical practice. This paper explores the innovative strategies and technologies driving the evolution of antibody engineering and their diverse applications in the treatment of various diseases.Antibodies, key components of the immune system, have emerged as powerful tools for targeted therapy due to their exquisite specificity and versatility. Over the years, significant progress has been made in the design and optimization of antibodies, leveraging advances in biotechnology, protein engineering, and computational modeling.The design phase of antibody-based therapeutics encompasses a range of approaches, including the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through hybridoma technology, phage display, and recombinant DNA techniques. These methods enable the production of antibodies with tailored properties, such as enhanced affinity, specificity, and stability, to target specific antigens associated with disease.In addition to their traditional role in treating infectious diseases, antibodies have revolutionized the field of oncology with the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These next-generation therapeutics offer novel mechanisms of action, enabling targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents, immune cell activation, and modulation of immune responses against cancer cells.

Exploring the impact of social capital, institutional quality and political stability on environmental sustainability: New insights from NARDL-PMG

The social aspect of sustainable development is often considered the least strong component, particularly in terms of its analytical and theoretical foundations. Although there has been a recent increase in focus on social sustainability, the relationship between the environmental aspect and social capital is still not well understood. This research seeks to explore initial concepts on frameworks for analyzing the interface between environmental and social capital. However, to demonstrated the core connection of social capital, institutional quality, income and renewable energy consumption with sustainability level (CO2 emissions) in the BRICS economies from 1996 to 2021. Specifically, this study uses advanced techniques such as Non-ARDL, Pooled Mean Group, the Augmented Mean Group and Common Correlated Effect Mean Group. However, under the linear outcomes, social capital, law & order, government stability, political stability and income decline the emissions levels. However, renewable energy consumption shows the positive association with rising emissions in BRICS countries. Interestingly, under the non-linear form, study outcomes describe social capital, and law & order contribute to environmental quality, while government & political stability spur the level of emissions in the long-run. Also, this study provides some core implications to meet the desired sustainability level.

Design of an edge-truncated patch antenna (ETPA) for near-range vehicular RADAR applications

In recent years, the evolution of vehicular safety systems and the burgeoning field of autonomous vehicles have underscored the need for advanced radar solutions tailored to these specific applications. By addressing this need, this paper presents an innovative radar antenna design—the Edge Truncated Patch Antenna (ETPA) integrated with a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR). Distinct from prevalent designs, our novel approach hinges on the unique properties of the CSRR to impart broad-spectrum characteristics to the antenna. This innovation culminates in the realization of an ultra-wide bandwidth of 6.24 GHz, which effectively spans from 24.03 to 30.27 GHz. This bandwidth alignment with the primary frequency range predominantly used in short-range vehicular RADAR applications positions the ETPA as a frontrunner in this domain. A noteworthy feature of our design is its compactness. With dimensions of 5.1 × 4.7 × 0.8 mm3, the proposed antenna stands out as one of the most space-efficient and performance-oriented designs in the contemporary literature. The rigorous simulation processes employed revealed an impressive consistency when juxtaposed with measured outcomes. Minor variations between the two are attributed to inevitable fabrication and soldering nuances. Our design process, from the initial conception to the final product, underscores the pivotal role of meticulous parameter optimization and innovative integration of the CSRR. In conclusion, the proposed ETPA, with its enhanced bandwidth, compact footprint, and consistent performance, establishes a new benchmark in the field.

The Influence of Ring Roads on Traffic Characteristics in Urban Cities

Constructing ring roads is a traditional approach to alleviating traffic congestion in urban areas and enhancing road capacity. However, this solution is frequently inefficient in the long run. This study investigates different strategies for managing traffic congestion in urban areas and evaluates their efficacy. The text examines three situations where various methods were employed to address traffic congestion issues. These strategies are categorized into three distinct categories. The initial concept encompasses substantial engineering interventions, such as the establishment of ring roads, the creation of new roadways, and the enlargement of preexisting roads. Many cities are implementing push-and-pull strategies to optimize existing capacities and promote environmentally friendly transportation alternatives, thereby reducing car usage. These strategies include promoting public transportation, cycling, and walking, as well as modifying urban land use patterns to minimize the need for people to travel. These methods are successful in delivering long-lasting transportation solutions. Nevertheless, more than push-pull strategies are needed to adequately address traffic congestion, necessitating extensive engineering interventions to expand road capacity, particularly in cases of severe traffic in urban areas. The integration of these methods is categorized as the third principle. The utilization of ring roads also gives rise to numerous novel challenges, particularly in metropolitan areas. The predominant issue lies in the unregulated expansion of houses (urban sprawl) and inadequate public transportation. The problems identified of significant magnitude include Interconnectivity between different regions, the point where ring roads intersect, accessibility to housing, settlement amenities, and social challenges. The study determined that the third concept to tackle traffic congestion could be the most efficient approach for constructing ring roads in urban areas. To address the difficulties involved in the construction and development of circular roads, it would be beneficial to establish an organization that facilitates coordination among all stakeholders involved in the development of ring roads right from the outset. Urban Planning Directorates at the governorate level are responsible for carrying out this work in urban cities. In addition, rigorous enforcement of laws is also crucial for achieving desired goal.

Factors Influencing the Labor Relations System in Knowledge-Based Organizations (Engineering Companies Affiliated with the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Support)

The primary objective of this article is to identify and analyze the factors influencing the labor relations system in knowledge-based organizations (engineering companies affiliated with the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Support). The research is grounded in a data-driven approach and was conducted using grounded theory methodology. The research population consisted of experts in management, specializing in public administration, human resources, and organizational relations (those who had published books or articles), as well as managers and deputies of engineering companies affiliated with the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Support. Based on the criterion of theoretical saturation, 15 individuals were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews using Maxqda12 software. As a result, 131 initial concepts (open codes) and 19 main concepts (axial codes) were identified, which were categorized into a paradigmatic model comprising six selective codes, including causal factors (3 components and 37 indicators), contextual factors (5 components and 29 indicators), strategic factors (2 components and 11 indicators), intervening factors (4 components and 11 indicators), the main phenomenon (3 components and 22 indicators), and outcomes (2 components and 20 indicators).

Initialization of Simulation-Based Digital Twins for Internal Transport Systems

To support operational decisions using simulation-based digital twins, it is crucial to synchronize the simulation model quickly and accurately with the load state in the real system. This minimizes the typical transient behavior of material flow simulations to a short period of time. This paper presents a concept for initializing a simulation model using the example of a distribution center that uses SAP EWM as a warehouse management system. As part of a study, the influence of the presented initialization concept on the simulation models’ transient behavior is investigated. The simulation model used as a reference is in an ‘empty’ load state at the beginning of the simulation. The study results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly shorten the transient behavior.

Development of a T-Joint Welding Fixture for Enhanced Friction Stir Welding Performance

Welding, a crucial manufacturing process across various industries, involves forming permanent component joints. Friction stir welding (FSW), an efficient technique is employed for this purpose. FSW requires a fixture to securely hold the workpiece during welding, ensuring precise alignment, minimal deformation and effective heat dissipation. This work focuses on designing a fixture tailored for T-joint configuration FSW of aluminum alloys. Initial concept design was refined for optimal performance with material selection (Mild Steel and EN8) based on requirements. Real-time welding conditions were considered for analysis, leading to the choice of EN8 due to reduced deformation. This paper outlines the steps involved in designing, analyzing and manufacturing a T-joint welding fixture, guaranteeing proper alignment, clamping and heat management during welding.

KONSEP DASAR DALAM SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DALAM PENDIDIKAN

Abstract : Management in education requires a system that stores various information needed in educational institutions. The system can be said to be a management information system. Management information systems in education have a very broad scope and are based on initial concepts such as systems, data, databases, and information presentation in an educational institution. This article aims to explain the basic concepts related to management information systems in education. This article uses descriptive qualitative and literature study methods by collecting various information from various references related to systems, system development, education systems, information, data, databases and the provision of educational data and information. The education system is a regular arrangement of activities and sub-systems that are interrelated with each other and correlated to achieve the desired educational goals. In the system there are two parts that should not conflict with each other, the difference only lies in the procedures for use and elements such as teachers, students, student guardians, principals, and the community. Furthermore, the system requires development that is useful as an improvement in achieving educational goals through stored data and information.

Reprogramming methods for induced pluripotent stem cells generation

Regenerative medicine expects to replace the function of tissue or organs damaged by disease, trauma, or congenital issues. The tools used to realize these outcomes are tissue engineering and cellular therapies. Cellular therapy is considered a regenerative medicine strategy based on the use of stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells are the hotspots of cellular therapy due to their features that have been showed promising results. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, self-renewing cells that are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the developing blastocyst. Pluripotency is the main feature that lead single cell to generate all cell lineages of the developing and adult organism. The use of human ESC (hESC) is ethically controversial, to overcome this problem the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were developed. The aim of the present mini-review is to report a comprehensive summary of the different cellular reprogramming techniques from its initial conception to the present day.

Feasibility study of permanent magnet dipoles for SILA facility

The 40 cell lattice of the new Russian synchrotron radiation facility SILA is envisaged to employ permanent magnet (PM) dipoles as bend magnets. Numerical study of the basic concept for short PM dipoles is described. Iterative 3D simulations with a detailed model were used to assess anticipated field distribution and magnetic forces. A scope of critical aspects was investigated to move up to the engineering design including candidate materials, geometry, thermal stability, magnetic interaction, and field tuning. Aggregated results made it possible to optimize the initial concept and get guidance to practical implementation.

Green Chemistry of the Future: Co-Electrosynthesis of Biobased Platform Chemicals and Hydrogen

The European Green Deal sends a strong signal for a climate-friendly and CO2-neutral economy. An important aspect to support this is a sustainable and reduced use of resources as well as efficient and green conversion technologies for renewable value-added products. For this reason, electrosynthetic approaches become increasingly important, as electrochemistry fulfils several criteria of green chemistry and offers the possibility to directly use current from renewable energy sources [3]. However, electrolysis and electrosynthesis currently often require the use of platinum group metals (PGM) and need separators, which are mostly based on perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFSA). Classical water electrolysis for production of green hydrogen also requires high overvoltage’s, which is due to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This is where coupling systems come in, in which the sluggish OER is replaced by a thermodynamically more efficient reaction, such as the electrooxidation of organic substances (EOO). An example of this is the electrooxidation of biobased 5-HMF or various sugars (xylose, glucose) to platform chemicals. When coupled with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the EOO of 5-HMF to 2,5-furandicarboxylicacid (FDCA) requires a theoretical cell voltage of 0.3 V. In contrast, theoretical cell voltages of 1.23 V are required for the OER/HER [5]. With the focus on sustainable and energy-efficient systems, the simultaneous production of platform chemicals and green H2 via paired electrolysis offers high potential. [1-7]Previous studies have mainly focused on electrode materials, morphology and its electrocatalytic activity in divided batch cells. A strongly alkaline environment is considered advantageous for the electro-organic oxidation reaction, while the HER is reported to be kinetically slower in alkaline than in acidic conditions. Overall, the coupled electrolysis of H2 and platform chemicals is described as a promising technology in the development stage. [5-7]In this context, the present research explores paired electrosynthesis of platform chemicals and H2 to advance sustainable and efficient energy sources. A central goal is the prototype development of an undivided flow reactor in TRL4. Particular attention will be paid to mild operating conditions (such as a mild-alkaline environment, low operating pressures and low temperatures), PGM-free catalysts and the elimination of PFSA materials. To achieve this goal, various milestones have been defined. Among them is the development of 3D electrodes with suitable and selective catalysts. These are to be electrochemically tested in a flow-through test cell on a laboratory scale. In order to create a basis for analysis, the electrode reactions were first investigated electrochemically in a typical divided H-cell and reference measurements were carried out on nickel-based materials. In this work, NiOOH sheet and foam electrodes were electrochemically produced and subsequently investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) followed by bulk electrolysis. On this basis, suitable analytics (HPLC, UV-VIS) were also determined to quantify and classify the derivatives of the electrosynthesis process. These pre-experiments form the basis for the ongoing development of initial concept ideas for a modular test cell that allows various materials and structures to be electrochemically investigated.Overall, this research contributes to advancing sustainable and efficient energy sources and enabling the production of platform chemicals from renewable raw materials. Acknowledgments The authors thank the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement N° 101070856 ELOBIO (Electrolysis of Biomass) for funding.

Systematic Review of Misconceptions in Kinematics: Identification, Causes, and Remediation

The purpose of this study was to find out the topics that become students' misconceptions in kinematics, the causes that can trigger misconceptions, and the remediation used to overcome these misconceptions. The method used in this research was the systematic review method. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the biggest misconception among students was in straight motion. Several causes trigger the emergence of misconceptions in kinematics, where the causes that often arise come from the students themselves, namely, students' preconceptions or initial conceptions, students' abilities, students' cognitive development stages, wrong intuitions, and students' reasoning. The remediation that was often used to remediate misconceptions was the use of learning models, for instance, generative models.