Initial Access Time Research Articles

Design of Flexible and Dual Band Antenna for Vehicular Communication

The antenna with bowtie and meander lines shaped elements for the vehicular communication in this paper. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 40.5*91.5*0.1. The substrate used in this antenna is polyamide substrate with a permittivity of 4.3. The implemented antenna is operated at cellular (975MHz) and C-V2X (5.9GHz) band. The efficiency of this proposed antenna is 99.5%. This paper describes the design of antenna with high efficiency vehicular roof mounted for V2V communication system used for ubiquitous intelligent systems. To enhance the connectivity among vehicles by providing seamless communication and to reduce initial access time using high performance antenna systems is the purpose of the ubiquitous intelligent systems. V2V communication efficiency depends on the antenna efficiency used for ubiquitous intelligent systems. We are proposing this antenna to increase the performance of the antenna by enhancing efficiency.

Efficiency Improvement of Vehicular Antenna Systems for Ubiquitous Intelligent Systems

This paper describes the design of a high-efficiency vehicular roof-mounted antenna for wireless access for vehicular environment (WAVE) communication systems used for ubiquitous intelligent systems. The main objective of the ubiquitous intelligent system’s automotive IT technology is to enhance the connectivity among vehicles to ensure seamless communication and to reduce the initial access time using high-performance antenna systems. The efficiency of WAVE communication systems used for ubiquitous intelligent systems depends on the antenna efficiency. The proposed vehicular antenna for WAVE communication systems shows an improvement of approximately 4.77 dB in the return loss, as compared with a conventional antenna system.

Increased Availability for Networked Software Services

The availability of networked software services is an increasingly important quality of service issue. A service user gauges service availability in terms of initial access time and subsequent service delivery time. This paper develops - from a user perspective - a quality of service framework for the availability of networked software services. The paper utilises this quality of service framework to suggest the functional characteristics of a new transport layer software specification that would facilitate the increased availability of networked software services.

Effect of flower complexity on relearning flower-handling skills in bumble bees

Pollinators often forage sequentially among the flowers of the same plant species while bypassing flowers of other rewarding species. Darwin proposed that it is more efficient for pollinators to remain constant to one plant species because switching to a second species interferes with their ability to recall a previously learned flower-handling technique. This interference hypothesis was tested using Bombus impatiens workers. Bees that had learned to handle one type of flower (species A) were retested on species A after they had learned to handle a second type of flower (species B). Interference effects were detected by comparing flower access times (time to insert the tongue into the flower) during the retesting period with initial access times on species A. Bees retested on both simple (red clover, Trifolium pratense) and complex (toadflax, Linaria vulgaris) flowers showed no evidence of interference after learning simple-flowered plant species (blueweed, Echium vulgare; purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria). However, bees relearning the complex flowers of toadflax showed a 2.2-s (81%) increase over their initial access time after switching to a second complex-flowered species (orange touch-me-not, Impatiens capensis). These results suggest that the interference effects incurred by bees switching between toadflax and orange touch-me-not under biologically realistic conditions are relatively small, and are unlikely to account for flower constancy in bumble bees.

The KSR1

Kendall Square Research introduced the KSR1 system in 1991. The architecture is based on a ring of rings of 64-bit microprocessora. It is a distributed, shared memory system and is scalable. The memory structure is unique and is the key to understanding the system. Different levels of caching eliminates physical memory addressing and leads to the ALLCACHE™ scheme. Since requested data may be found in any of several caches, the initial access time is variable. Once pulled into the local (sub) cache, subsequent access times are fixed and minimal. Thus, the KSR1 is a Cache-Only Memory Architecture (COMA) system.This paper describes experimentation and an analytic model of the KSR1. The focus is on the poststore programmer option. With the poststore option, the programm er can elect to broadcast the updated value of a variable to all processors that might have a copy. This may save time for threads on other processors, but delays the broadcasting thread and places additional traffic on the ring. The specific issue addressed is to determine under what conditions poststore is beneficial. The analytic model and the experimental observations are in good agreement. They indicate that the decision to use poststore depends both on the application and the current system load.