Inhibitory Effect Of Ethanol Extract Research Articles

Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans Isolated from High Vaginal Swab samples and Female Students with UTI

Studies on antimicrobial and phytochemical activities of garlic on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans isolated from HVS samples and female students with urinary tract infection were investigated. Garlic is used in many homes as condiment or as flavoring agent. The garlic used was purchased from Eke market Agbani in Nkanu West Enugu State Nigeria. Ten Urine and HVS samples were collected from female students using a universal container and swab sticks. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. The powder of garlic was macerated in ethanol and chloroform to produce crude extract reconstituted with distilled water to concentrations of 200mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml. The ethanol and chloroform extract of garlic obtained was used to evaluate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Also, minimum inhibitory concentration was determined. The garlic extract contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins. The inhibitory effect of ethanol extract started at 200mg/ml with inhibition zones of 2mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. MIC result for garlic extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans showed that the extract has inhibitory effect at low concentration of 50mg/ml and inhibition increased at 100mg/ml. Ethanol extract was the most effective extract retarding microbial growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. This study however, justify the use of garlic extract in traditional medicine practice as a therapeutic agent. In cases where possible, the ethanol extracts of garlic should be used at a concentration up to 100mg/ml so as to give a better treatment.

Wild Asparagus Shoots Constitute a Healthy Source of Bioactive Compounds.

Wild Asparagus shoots are consumed worldwide, although most species remain understudied. In this work, a total of four wild Asparagus species were collected from different locations and analyzed compared with farmed A. officinalis. Shoots were screened for (i) phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS; (ii) total phenolic acids and total flavonoid content by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods; (iii) vitamin C by HPLC-DAD; (iv) antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS•+ methods; and (v) the in vitro antiproliferative activities against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells by the MTT assay. Phenolics ranged from 107.5 (A. aphyllus) to 605.4 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) (A. horridus). Vitamin C ranged from 15.8 (A. acutifolius) to 22.7 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) (A. officinalis). The antioxidant activity was similar in all species, standing out in A. officinalis with 5.94 (DPPH) and 4.64 (ABTS) mmol TE/100 g dw. Among phenolics, rutin reached the highest values (574 mg/100 g dw in A. officinalis), followed by quercetin, nicotiflorin, asterin, and narcissin. The MTT assay revealed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts against HT-29 cancer cells, highlighting the cell growth inhibition exercised by A. albus (300 µg/mL after 72 h exposure to cells). This work improves knowledge on the phytochemicals and bioactivities of the shoots of wild Asparagus species and confirms their suitability for use as functional foods.

Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Gryllus bimaculatus on platelet aggregation and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation

Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Gryllus bimaculatus on platelet aggregation and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation

In vitro biological activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts from Achillea sintenisii Hub- Mor

This study was designed to investigate in vitro biological activities and phytochemical composition of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Achillea sintenisii Hub- Mor. (AS). To determine the chemical composition of AS extracts, phytochemical analyses were performed by using HPLC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS-MS. Afterwards, both extracts were investigated in terms of their effect on fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and hydrogen peroxide-induced damage. In addition to cell culture analysis, antibacterial, antioxidant, hyaluronidase inhibitory activities and total phenolic contents of the extracts were analyzed in cell-free systems. Our results demonstrated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts did not show cytotoxic activity on fibroblasts, on the contrary, promoted fibroblast proliferation. Both AS extracts potently inhibited hyaluronidase activity and the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract was comparable with the positive control, especially at high concentrations. The aqueous extract was the potent stimulator of collagen synthesis at 200 µg/mL concentration. Although the ethanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against all gram-positive bacteria, the aqueous extract was only effective against K. pneumoniae and B. subtilis. The ability of AS extracts, which have a rich phenolic compound content (≥50 mg GAE/g), to scavenge free radicals and protect fibroblasts against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage can be considered as a result of their antioxidant potential. Our findings scientifically support the widespread use of this plant, by demonstrating the pharmacological properties of the extracts.

Antioxidant and Anticarcinogenic Potentials of Propolis for Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Wistar Rats.

Propolis is a natural compound with anticarcinogenic properties. The present study aimed to compare the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and vitamin E on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon lesions in rats. In this study, 60 rats were randomly categorized into six 10-member groups. After 13 weeks, blood and colon tissue were sampled to examine some factors. The parameters included red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cell profile, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), total protein (TP), creatine kinase (CPK), and albumin, as well as the extent of colon histological lesions, protein expression (adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)), and oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in colon tissue. A significant decrease was observed in congestion, mitotic index, inflammation, and cell destruction in colon tissue in dimethylhydrazine group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). The EEP exposed rats exhibited a significant lower oxidative stress than the DMH group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the extract significantly affected TAC level (P < 0.05). While the expression level of APC rose substantially in the EEP-treated group compared to the DMH group, the level of PCNA, CEA, and PDGF proteins significantly reduced. It seems that the EEP can efficiently prevent DMH-induced colonic lesions. Furthermore, its effectiveness is more than the vitamin E, which is a strong antioxidant.

INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL CORROSION IN 1N HCL AND 1N H2SO4 BY LEAVES EXTRACT OF GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM

Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Gossypium herbaceum leaves on the corrosion of mild steel in 1N HCl and 1N H2SO4 has been investigated by burden Loss Method, FTIR, SEM, Potentiodynamic and Polarization measurements. The experiment by Weight Loss Method has shown that the ethanol extract of Gossypium herbaceum inhibits mild steel corrosion and the inhibition efficiency of the extract increases with increase in concentration and temperature. FTIR spectra were used to examine the protective layer formed on the metal surface. The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy result have revealed that variation in the impedance parameters, charge transfer resistance and double layer capacitance, with the deviation in extract concentration are due to the adsorption of active molecules resulting in the construction of a protective layer on the mild steel surface. The SEM method has provided the confirmatory evidence of the safeguard of mild steel by the green inhibitor. The consequences of the study have shown that the leaf extract of Gossypium herbaceum exhibits fine corrosion inhibition efficiency for mild steel in both acid media. Keywords: Gossypium herbaceum, Green inhibitors, Impedance, Polarization, SEM.

Ficus erecta Thunb. Leaves Ameliorate Cognitive Deficit and Neuronal Damage in a Mouse Model of Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is linked to amyloid plaque accumulation, neuronal loss, and brain inflammation. Ficus erecta Thunb. is a food and medicinal plant used to treat inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of F. erecta Thunb. against cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in a mouse model of amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced AD. First, we confirmed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of F. erecta (EEFE) leaves on Aβ aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Next, behavioral tests (passive avoidance task and Morris water maze test) revealed EEFE markedly improved cognitive impairment in Aβ-injected mice. Furthermore, EEFE reduced neuronal loss and the expression of neuronal nuclei (NeuN), a neuronal marker, in brain tissues of Aβ-injected mice. EEFE significantly reversed Aβ-induced suppression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, indicating neuroprotection was mediated by the CREB/BDNF signaling. Moreover, EEFE significantly suppressed the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), a marker of microglial activation, in brain tissues of Aβ-injected mice, suggesting anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Taken together, EEFE protects against cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in AD-like mice via activation of the CREB/BDNF signaling and upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines.

Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Codonopsis lanceolata against oxidative stress and disruption of tight cell junction in NCI-H441 cells after exposure to urban particulate matter

Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Codonopsis lanceolata against oxidative stress and disruption of tight cell junction in NCI-H441 cells after exposure to urban particulate matter

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenumgraceum L. leaves

Obesity is known as a chronic metabolic disease that can be controlled by inhibition activities of the digestive enzymes like pancreatic lipase (PL). Trigonella foenumgraceum L. named commonly as fenugreek is widely used in traditional therapies owing to its abundant health benefits. The current study aimed to characterize the phytochemical components of fenugreek leaves extract (FLE) and evaluate its inhibitory activity against PL activity. As evidence from chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) the FLE possesses various valuable bioactive compounds. In addition, phytochemical analyses using colorimetric assays validate high content of phenolic (18.32 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g dry extract) and flavonoid (41.89 mg equivalent to quercetin (EQ) per g of dry extract) compounds in FLE. PL inhibitory results revealed that the FLE competitively inhibited the activity of PL in a concentration-dependent manner within the evaluated dose ranges. Moreover, FLE demonstrated free radical scavenging ability with IC50 of 89.44 μg/mL against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. These findings present FLE as a natural antioxidant with inhibitory activity against PL.

Assessment of Tumor Take Inhibitory Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Piper betle L. in Mice

The present study was undertaken to explore the tumor take inhibitory effects of ethanolic extract of Piper betle in rodents. Tumor takes inhibitory activity was investigated in hybrid mice (of C57BL strain + Swiss albino strain). Preventive group animals were injected daily with the extract at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight, i.p. for 10 consecutive days. The animals were observed to grow tumors after injection of B16F10 melanoma cells into mice's dorsal skin. Pretreatment with the extract and showed delays in tumor growth by increasing the volume doubling time, VDT (p&lt;0.01), growth delay, GD (p&lt; 0.01), and mean survival time, MST (p&lt;0.001). Tumor regression studies showed a regression response for tumor growth in vivo of murine mouse melanoma tumor cell lines, demonstrated by increasing the VDT and GD.

Inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of Abeliophyllum distichum leaf on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAbeliophyllum distichum is a plant endemic to Korea, containing several beneficial natural compounds. This study investigated the effect of A. distichum leaf extract (ALE) on adipocyte differentiation.MATERIALS/METHODSThe cytotoxic effect of ALE was analyzed using cell viability assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated using induction media in the presence or absence of ALE. Lipid accumulation was confirmed using Oil Red O staining. The mRNA expression of adipogenic markers was measured using RT-PCR, and the protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were measured using western blot. Cell proliferation was measured by calculating the incorporation of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into DNA.RESULTSALE reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes, as indicated by Oil Red O staining and triglyceride assays. Treatment with ALE decreased the gene expression of adipogenic markers such as Pparγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/ebpα), lipoprotein lipase, adipocyte protein-2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase. Also, the protein expression of PPARγ was reduced by ALE. Treating the cells with ALE at different time points revealed that the inhibitory effect of ALE on adipogenesis is higher in the early period treatment than in the terminal period. Furthermore, ALE inhibited adipocyte differentiation by reducing the early phase of adipogenesis and mitotic clonal expansion. This was indicated by the lower number of cells in the Synthesis phase of the cell cycle (labeled using BrdU assay) and a decrease in the expression of early adipogenic transcription factors such as C/ebpβ and C/ebpδ. ALE suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPK, confirming that the effect of ALE was through the suppression of early phase of adipogenesis.CONCLUSIONSAltogether, the results of the present study revealed that ALE inhibits lipid accumulation and may be a potential agent for managing obesity.

Mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of Elaeagnus Conferta Roxb on TNF –α induced NF- kB nuclear translocation in non- small lung cancer A549 cell line using Flow cytometry

Our study examined for the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of Eleagnus Conferta Roxb leaves on TNF –α induced NF- kB nuclear translocation in lung cancer A549 cell line using flow cytometry. Apoptosis also studied to know about the antiproliferative and anticancer effects. However, our results revealed in apoptosis, Elaeagnus conferta Roxb leaves showed (33.54%) increased in proportion of cells. In the study of pre-treatment of A549 cells with Elaeagnus conferta Roxb leaves followed by TNF- α caused the increased proportion of cells (20.78%) at apoptosis induced cell death, which was statistically significant (p&lt; 0.001). The untreated A549 cells had minimal NF-kB expression (0.25± 0.01%). However, the approach of A549 cells with Elaeagnus conferta Roxb had induced NF-kB production many fold (11.50± 1.05%). Therefore, we conclude our study was proved the impact of Elaeagnus conferta Roxb leaves inhibit the cellular growth of NSCLC-A549 cell line and induces apoptosis. Hence, from our findings, we proved this plant has anticancer activity, further feasibly taken for drug formulation.

Cultivars of Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) as a source of potential natural products with antiviral activity

This study aims to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts obtained from three cultivars of Tagetes minuta on Herpes Simplex virus type I (HSV-I) and the arboviruses: Saint Louis encephalitis (SLEV), West Nile (WNV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEEV) and Dengue (DENV). Vero and LLC-MK2 cell lines were employed as host cells. The in vitro viral inactivation and antiviral effect of each extract were assayed by plaque reduction test. Extracts were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF, and the main compound found in all the extracts was myricetin glycoside. Extracts from the cultivars Don Monje, Serrano and Aromisky were able to inhibit mainly the HSV-I and WNV viruses, to a lesser extent SLEV and DENV and had no activity on VEEV. This is the first report of bioactivity for this vegetable species against arboviruses. The potential of cultivars with specific chemical profiles has great importance for obtaining certain compounds or natural products with concrete bioactivities, to be used as potential sources of antiviral compounds.

Inhibitory effects of ethanolic extract of two Iranian pomegranates peel cultivars on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium

Inhibitory effects of ethanolic extract of two Iranian pomegranates peel cultivars on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium

Alteration of Multi-drug Resistance Activities by Ethanolic Extracts of Nigella sativa Against Urinary Pathogens

Abstract: Background and Objective: Most of the urinary pathogens cause urinary tract infection (UTI) have developed multidrug-antibiotics resistance (MDR) and had forewarned the interest in researching natural products to increase the usage of medicinal plants as alternative therapies for infectious diseases. The study was aimed to investigate the alteration of multidrug-resistant properties of ethanolic extract from Nigella sativa against clinically isolated MDR urinary pathogens. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract from Nigella sativa was investigated against clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii using agar disc diffusion technique, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Ethanol extract of Nigella sativa possesses strong microbial growth inhibitory effects in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum MIC values were observed for Proteus mirabilis (1.5 mg mL–1), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 mg mL–1), extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.5 mg mL–1), ESBL producing Escherichia coli (2.75 mg mL–1) and Acinetobacter baumannii (2.5 mg mL–1). The MBC inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts were greater than that of corresponding MIC results for all clinical isolated urinary pathogens. The bactericidal concentration of ethanol extracts was slightly increased than the corresponding MIC. Conclusion: This study augmented the effective alteration of MDR properties by the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds. Thus, it might be used as an effective natural source of a safe antimicrobial agent against emerging MDR clinical isolates in the future.

Inhibitory Effect of Ethanolic Extract Isolated from Radix Pulasatillae Seeds against Proliferation of A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells

Inhibitory Effect of Ethanolic Extract Isolated from Radix Pulasatillae Seeds against Proliferation of A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells

In Vitro Study of the Combination of Doxorubicin, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Brucea javanica, and Ficus septica as a Potential Novel Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer

Less optimized therapeutic effects constrain the use of doxorubicin as the main agent of chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer, resistance and side effects. Therefore we need a combination of more than one chemopreventive agent which has different molecular targets to solve that problem. The aims of this study is to prove the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (ECx), fruit of Brucea javanica (EBj), leave of Ficus septica (EFs) and doxorubicin (Dox) alone and its combination on migration and invasion of a highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Cytotoxic activity of single and combination treatment was evaluated by MTT assay, followed by an experiment of apoptosis induction by using flow cytometry. The inhibitory effect on migration was observed by the scratch wound-healing assay. Furthermore, the observation of the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was analyzed by gelatin zymography. The results showed that ECx, EBj, EFs, and Dox has cytotoxic activity on 4T1 cells with the value of IC 50 respectively 49.7±1.53mg/mL, 59.9±1.79mg/mL, 15.2±2.12mg/mL and 1.2±0.23mM. Furthermore, combination of ECx-EBj-Dox and ECx-EBj-EFs revealed synergistic effect on 4T1 cells and decrease cell viability through the induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Based on wound healing assay, 24 hours incubation of this combination inhibited 4T1 cells migration compared to single treatment. Gelatin zymography analysis showed that this combination also inhibited the activity of MMP-9 greater than a single use. Curcuma xanthorrhiza , Brucea javanica , and Ficus septica may have potential to be developed as a combination with or without doxorubicin for metastatic breast cancer treatment.

Alpha Glukosidase Inhibitory Test and Total Phenolic Content of Ethanol Extract of Parkia Speciosa Plant

Parkia speciosa (Fabaceae), much grow in South Sumatera. The seed of P. speciosa used as traditional medicine for diabetes mellitus therapy. Another parts of P speciosa is suspected to have the same chemical compounds and potency as the seed. Based on phytochemical screening of leaf and rind of P speciosa have secondary metabolites as flavonoid, phenolic and terpenoid. This research aims to know effectiveness of alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of rind, leaf and seed of p. speciosa and its correlation to total phenolic content of the extracts. The inhibitory activity of the alpha glucosidase enzyme was measured at l 405 nm. The result showed that there was correlation between effectiveness of inhibitory and total phenolic content of the extract, that is the higher of the total phenolic content will caused the greater of enzymatic inhibition of extract. The IC50 of alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of rind, leaf and seed of P speciosa are 4,596 ppm, 54,341 ppm, dan 67,425 ppm and the total Phenolic content of the extract are 138,15 mgGAE/g, 59,25 mgGAE/g, dan 36,25 mgGAE/g respectively.

Inhibitory Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Two Macrofungi Against Eggs and Miracidia of Fasciola Spp.

Fascioliasis is a disease of livestock which is now recognized as an emerging disease in humans. Cantharellus cibarius and Ganoderma applanatum are known for their medicinal properties. The use of ethanolic extracts of these macrofungi against the eggs and miracidia of Fasciola spp. is a promising method to break the parasite transmission cycle. The aim of the study is to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts of the mushrooms on eggs and miracidia of Fasciola spp. Concentrated eggs and miracidia of Fasciola spp. were exposed to different concentrations (1-8 mg/ml) of extracts of Ganoderma applanatum (GEE) and Cantharellus cibarius (CEE) at different time intervals. GEE showed superior antiparasitic activities when compared to CEE at all concentrations tested. Significant positive correlations were observed between the concentration of GEE and mortality in miracidia (r=0.980, P <0.05) and CEE and mortality in miracidia (r= 0.968, P <0.05). The study showed that ethanolic extracts of G. applanatum and C. cibarius have ovicidal and miracicidal activities. While G. applanatum showed excellent activities, activities in C. cibarius were moderate. Therefore, these mushroom extracts can be regarded as promising sources of bioactive compounds that could be developed into ovicides and miracicides.

Inhibitory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis on Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steel in Chloride Media

This work evaluates the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on the corrosion of AISI 409 stainless steel (SS) in chloride media. Additions of 100, 200, and 500 μL of EEP in an aqueous sodium chloride solution were performed. The inhibitory effect on the SS was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements up to 720 hours in immersion. EEP additions of 200 μL and 500 μL increased the polarization resistance of the SS. After 720 hours of immersion, the highest impedance was identified for the SS in solution with 500 μL of EEP. The maximum inhibition efficiency observed for addition of 500 μL of EEP in solution was 98.1 %, after 360 h of immersion.