Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel Research Articles

Extraction of flavonoids from Butterfly blue pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower as carbon steel corrosion inhibitor in CO2 environment: Experimental and theoretical approaches

The present study emphasizes the extraction of flavonoids from the Butterfly blue pea (Clitoria ternatea), a flower containing very strong antioxidant properties. The extracts were prepared using solvents with different polarity namely chloroform (CTCH), ethanol (CTET), ethyl acetate (CTEA) and water (CTW). The phytochemical studies for all extracts were evaluated to screen the phenolic content, flavonoid content, reducing power assay and tannin content as potential source of antioxidant properties of the flower. The crude aqueous extract (CTW) had the maximum phenolic content (106.79 ± 4.40 mg/GAE g) and the highest flavonoid content (85.05 ± 5.01 mg QE/g). All of the extracts were then characterized using complementary analyses, including FTIR, TGA, DSC, 1H and 13C NMR. CT extracts showed a substantial amount of phenols and flavonoids in comparison with standard quercetin. The performances of mild steel to prevent corrosion in 3.5 % NaCl medium doped with CT extracts (50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000 ppm) were ascertained by carrying out electrochemical measurements. It is apparent that CTW is superior in terms of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in NaCl medium under CO2 environment with respect to CTET extract (%IECTW = 89.91 % > %IECTET = 85.53 %). Adsorption of both inhibitors on the surface of MS obeyed Langmuir isotherm. Therefore, it can be inferred from the findings that CT extracts were adsorbed via both physical and chemical adsorption, hence showing excellent corrosion resistance behaviour, thus indicating its potential to be an alternative source of natural antioxidants potent CO2 corrosion inhibitor.

Experimental and computational chemistry investigation of the molecular structures of new synthetic quinazolinone derivatives as acid corrosion inhibitors for mild steel

Two new organic compounds, namely, 3-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl)-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (QZ-H) and 3-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (QZ-Cl) were synthesized based on quinazolinone derivatives, and their chemical structures were identified using non-instrumental analytical methods such as proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR). After successfully synthesizing and spectrally characterization, they were tested for mild steel protection in 1.0 M HCl medium. In addition, their anticorrosion characters and molecular structure-activity relationship were evaluated using the classical electrochemical and theoretical methods, respectively. Experimental studies showed that these compounds are good corrosion inhibitors, where their inhibition efficiencies increase with their concentrations to reach a maximum of 87.75 % and 88.76 % at 10−3 M of QZ-H and QZ-Cl, respectively. It is also found that these products react as mixed-type inhibitors. In addition, the estimated activation parameters indicate that the dissolution process of mild steel is endothermic and the products act via physical adsorption on metallic surface according to the Langmuir isotherm. Finally, the theoretical studies using DFT calculations and MD simulations authorize the experimental results and the order of inhibition efficiency.

Inhibition potential of extract of leaves of Sodom apple in the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.0 M sulphuric acid by extract of leaves of Sodom apple has been studied using gravimetric and surface analysis. Varying concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/mL) of the inhibitor in 1.0 M H2SO4 were prepared from residue of an ethanolic extract of the sample and were used for the corrosion inhibition study. The extracts were previously confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and screened for phytochemicals including tannins, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. The results for anticorrosion studies showed that the highest inhibition efficiency of the extract was 89.3% at 1.5 g/mL inhibitor concentration and a temperature of 323 K. Equally, the corrosion rate of the steel was observed to decrease with increase in the concentration of the extract. Scanning electron micrographs also indicated that the extract actually slows down the rate of corrosion of the steel. The study further suggests that the corrosion inhibition mechanism of the extract on steel in 1 M H2SO4 could be modelled using Freundlich isotherm and that the inhibition was by physisorption and formation of multilayers on the steel surface.

Promising Eco-friendly Inhibitor Potency: Elaeagnus Angustifolia Leaf Extract for Mild Steel

In this research, the potential of Elaeagnus angustifolia tree leaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution was examined. The stock concentration of the aqueous extract was determined to be 0.38% (w/v). Other experimental solutions were created by diluting four different extract concentrations in aggressive solution. Experimental measurements, including linear polarization (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and semi-logarithmic current potential curves by Tafel extrapolation method, were employed to validate the corrosion inhibition effects of the plant leaf extract at varying concentrations. Notably, oleaster leaf extract demonstrated a corrosion protection of over 80% for mild steel, even at low concentrations, attributed to its abundance in secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and flavonoids. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface maps provide robust evidence for the electrochemical measurement data.

Exploring corrosion protection for mild steel in HCl solution: An experimental and theoretical analysis of an antipyrine derivative as an anticorrosion agent

AbstractThe corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution remains a critical issue in various industrial applications. In the quest for effective corrosion inhibitors, 4‐(2‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methoxybenzylideneamino) antipyrine (HMBA) has emerged as a promising candidate. This study investigates the inhibitory properties of HMBA on mild steel corrosion in HCl solution through weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques. The experiments spanned over various time periods, including 1, 5, 10, 24, and 48 h. The results reveal that HMBA exhibits exceptional inhibition efficiency (IE), with an impressive 94.7% inhibition rate. This outstanding performance underscores its potential as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aggressive HCl environments. To elucidate the adsorption behavior of HMBA on the mild steel surface, Langmuir isotherm modeling was employed, demonstrating a strong correlation between the experimental data and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Furthermore, the study employs density functional theory (DFT) to gain insight into the mechanism of HMBA inhibition. DFT calculations suggest that both physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms are involved in the interaction between HMBA and the mild steel surface. The calculated Gibbs free energy of adsorption () is found to be approximately , indicating a spontaneous and energetically favorable adsorption process. In conclusion, HMBA emerges as a highly effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution, offering impressive IE over various time intervals. The combination of experimental techniques, such as WL, EIS, and PDP, along with computational insights from DFT calculations, provides an understanding of the inhibitory properties of HMBA. These findings hold great promise for the development of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors in industrial applications.

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution Using MPO: Experimental and Theoretical Insights

Corrosion is a pervasive challenge in various industrial applications, particularly in acidic environments. This comprehensive study delves into the effectiveness of 2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane (MPO) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions. The investigation employs weight loss techniques to assess the inhibitor's performance over varying durations (ranging from 1 to 48 hours) and concentrations (0.1 to 1 mM). At a concentration of 0.5 mM, the inhibitor demonstrates impressive inhibitory efficiency, ranging from 87.6% at 303 K to 92.9% at 333 K during a 5-hour exposure period. Additionally, the impact of temperature on the corrosion inhibition process is examined at temperatures of 303, 313, 323, and 333 K, showing substantial inhibition efficiencies. Quantum chemical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods elucidate the molecular interactions between MPO and the metal surface. Notably, the analysis of EHOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Energy), ELUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital Energy), Egap (Energy Gap), total hardness (η), electronegativity (χ), and electron fraction transition atom (ΔN) reveals valuable insights into MPO's corrosion inhibition capabilities. The outcomes underscore MPO's potential as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl environments, laying the groundwork for more efficient corrosion prevention strategies in industrial settings.

1,4-Phenylenediamine-based Schiff bases as eco-friendly and efficient corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HCl medium: Experimental and theoretical approaches

The application of Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitors is one of the economic, practical, and effective techniques to retard metal corrosion in aggressive environment. The continuous exploration of novel, lower-cost, more efficient, and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors is an everlasting pursuit of excellence. In this study, two 1,4-phenylenediamine-based single Schiff base isomers, (E)-4-((pyridin-2-yl-methylene)amino)aniline (PMAA2) and (E)-4-((pyridin-3-ylmethylene)amino)aniline (PMAA3), were synthesized by one-step reaction. The corrosion inhibition mechanism and structure–activity relationship of PMAA2 and PMAA3 for mild steel in HCl solution were analyzed using electrochemical and weight loss experiments, morphology analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculation, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The results demonstrated that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of PMAA2 and PMAA3 exhibited an increasing trend with the elevation of inhibitor concentration while showing a slight decrease with the temperature rise. The optimal corrosion inhibition efficiency for 800 mg L−1 PMAA2 and PMAA3 in 1.0 mol L−1 HCl solution is 90.88 % and 91.78 % at 303 K respectively by using weight loss experiment. The electrochemical experiment results indicated that PMAA2 and PMAA3 are mixed-type corrosion inhibitors, with a preponderant control of anodic dissolution. Both the thermodynamics of adsorption and the kinetic of corrosion reaction were evaluated and discussed in detail. Their adsorption upon mild steel complies with Langmuir adsorption isotherm and is involved in phys- and chemisorption concurrently. The results from surfacemorphologyanalysis exhibited that a dense protective film on the surface of mild steel is formed through inhibitor adsorption, which results in changes in the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the metal surface. The calculations of DFT and Fukui index also indicated that both the neutral and pronated species of PMAA2 and PMAA3 possess donor–acceptor interactions with the surface iron atoms through both forward and back-donations. Furthermore,MD simulations further revealed that the neutral molecules as neat-flat and parallel orientation are adsorbed strongly on the Fe (110) surface but the pronated species perform in bent fashion on the Fe (110) surface. Based on the experimental analysis and the theoretical calculation, a possible adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanism was proposed rationally. These findings display good correlations between the experimental investigation and the theoretical computation and are of fundamental importance to understanding the adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanisms of the inhibitors.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Cordia Obliqua Leaves Extract as an Environmentally Benign Inhibitor for Mild Steel Corrosion in a 1 M HCl Solution

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Cordia Obliqua Leaves Extract as an Environmentally Benign Inhibitor for Mild Steel Corrosion in a 1 M HCl Solution

Optimization Study of Eggshell Extract as Inhibitor of Mild Steel Corrosion in a 30 wt% NaCl Solution

Optimization Study of Eggshell Extract as Inhibitor of Mild Steel Corrosion in a 30 wt% NaCl Solution

Experimental and computational study of a multi-active-site Schiff base as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl

In this study, the corrosion inhibition behavior of N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine) (PBDPM) on mild steel in 1 M HCl at 30°C was evaluated under steady conditions. The corrosion inhibitor was synthesized by a one-step method. Electrochemical, energy dispersion spectrum (EDS) and water contact angle results revealed the adsorption behavior of the inhibitor at the metal–solution interface. The adsorption of PBDPM obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is obvious that PBDPM exhibits good inhibition performance presumably due to its high surface coverage, as it forms a dense protective film on the surface of mild steel. The adsorption configuration and structure–activity relationships of the inhibitor were also explored theoretically by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), and the thermodynamic parameters and molecular active sites (the values of electrophilic attack and nucleophilic attack) were calculated.

Study of Protic Ionic Liquids as Sustained Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Saline Solution with Acidic pH and Temperature Variations

Study of Protic Ionic Liquids as Sustained Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Saline Solution with Acidic pH and Temperature Variations

Green synthesis of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO-NPS) using syzygium cumini: exploring industrial applications of CdO NPs as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in the acidic environment.

Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements were used to assess the effectiveness of CdO-NPs as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4. It was amply shown that as the concentration of CdO-NPs increased, the cathodic currents decreased and the active corroding sites were blocked completely. Moreover, a decrease in the mass of mild steel in an aggressive environment was reduced gradually with an increase in the concentration (ppm) of CdO-NPs inhibitor, resulting in an increase in the inhibition efficiency. The novel synthesized CdO-NPs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM-EDX spectroscopy.

Synthesis of Green Inhibitor for Mild Steel Corrosion in a Sulphuric Acid Medium

Synthesis of Green Inhibitor for Mild Steel Corrosion in a Sulphuric Acid Medium

Rosmarinus officinalis l. Oil as an Eco-Friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic Solution: Experimental and computational studies

In this research, Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ROL) essential oil extracted from the plant was initially introduced as a green anti-corrosion agent for mild steel (MS) in a 1 M HCl solution. The components of the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and UV–Vis method. Gravimetric and electrochemical techniques (EIS and PDP) demonstrated that ROL inhibited steel corrosion by 90 % at a concentration of 1.5 g/l. The PDP experiment indicated that ROL essential oil acted as a mixed-type inhibitor with a cathodic predominance. The morphological and elemental characteristics of the metal surface were examined using SEM and EDX, revealing the formation of a corrosion-resistant film on the metal surface. The inhibited corrosive solutions were characterised before and after immersing MS using UV–visible spectrophotometry, indicating the possibility of iron-ROL complex formation. Finally, theoretical calculations using DFT, MC, and MD simulations were conducted and correlated with experimental results.

Natural gums as green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel

In this study the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Guar gum and Arabic gum are investigated on mild steel in concentrated chlorohydric acid. Weight loss and electrochemical methods, potentiondynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to determine the optimum concentration of each gum. The results show that there is a direct correlation between concentration of inhibitor and corrosion inhibition efficiency, therefore the best efficiency was obtained at the highest concentration, 3.3 g/l. When comparing the two polysaccharides Guar gums has a better inhibition effect than Arabic gum at the same concentration. The inhibition mechanism was analysed by fitting the electrochemical results to an adsorption isotherm. This research offers a green alternative to the synthetic inhibitors used in today’s industry during acid pickling in the manufacturing process of mild steel. Both substances are naturally obtained and considered green corrosion inhibitors due to their negligible impact on the environment. Future research on the topic will include more natural compounds tests in the same experimental conditions and comparing them to market inhibitors in terms of efficiency.

Study of N-(3-chloro-2-phenyl)-4-oxozetiden-1-yl)-isonicotinamide as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic environment

Study of N-(3-chloro-2-phenyl)-4-oxozetiden-1-yl)-isonicotinamide as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in acidic environment

Unveiling the corrosion inhibition efficacy and stability of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Anacardium occidentale leaf extract for mild steel in a simulated seawater solution.

Plant extracts used as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel usually degrade as the temperature increases above room temperature. In this study, we used Anacardium occidentale (cashew leaf) extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles for improving mild steel's inhibition stability under salinized conditions. Cashew leaves were used as a reducing agent to synthesise silver nanoparticles. The functional group of the silver nanoparticles was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation were used to study the corrosion behaviour under simulated seawater by varying the silver nanoparticle concentration between 0.1 and 0.3 g L-1. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to obtain information about the surface of the corroded sample. The green silver nanoparticles reduced the corrosion of mild steel up to 90.5% at 40 °C and 90% at 80 °C. At 80 °C, the AgNPs are biochemically and thermally stable, exhibiting a 90% inhibition efficiency. It was established that silver nanoparticles from cashew leaves can be used to improve the stability of mild steel in simulated seawater.

Shrimp shell waste as a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid solution

Application of corrosion inhibitor is a common method to minimize corrosion reaction of steel in aqueous environments. Research for an effective eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor is required due to the toxicity issues of the most commercially available corrosion inhibitors. Many recent studies have shown that various food waste can be utilized as corrosion inhibitors. Extracting inhibitor compounds from food waste is definitely low cost, less harm, and environmentally beneficial. One example of corrosion inhibitor derived from food waste is a water-soluble chitosan (WSC) inhibitor, which can be extracted from Crustacean shells. This study used shrimp shell waste to extract WSC and test the effectiveness on inhibiting corrosion of mild steel in acid solution. The weight loss method was employed at various inhibitor concentrations and solution types. The overall findings in this study indicate that the WSC extracted from shrimp shell exhibits a good inhibition performance in 0.5 M HCl solution with the efficiency up to 94.31% at a concentration of 3 g/l at room temperature. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and 2.2.7 UV-visible spectroscopy analysis showed that WSC molecules adsorbed on the steel surface and hinder the corrosion reactions.

Examining the effects of tert-butylamine under different circumstances an inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in HCl acid

Examining the effects of tert-butylamine under different circumstances an inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in HCl acid

Green Synthesis and Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles for Corrosion Inhibition and Modeling Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solutions

Green Synthesis and Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles for Corrosion Inhibition and Modeling Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solutions