Corrosion Inhibition Of Steel Research Articles

Synthesis, characterization and corrosion inhibition evaluation of a new chalcone derivative 2-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl] prop-2-en-1-one for mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl assessment with DFT and MD studies

The prime objective of the work focuses on the synthesis of novel chalcone derivative, the 2-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl] prop-2-en-1-one (HIPP) and study its corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1M HCl. Various spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy were used to confirm the formation of the synthesized chalcone. Distinct electrochemical techniques like potentiodynamic Tafel polarization and impedance spectroscopy were employed to investigate HIPP in 1M HCl as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor. The synthesized chalcone was checked in a temperature range varying from 30o C to 60o C. With increasing quantities of HIPP, it is noticed that there is an enhancement in calculated corrosion inhibition efficiency. The maximum inhibition efficiency obtained was found to be 94.3 % in the presence of 100 ppm at room temperature. Surface morphology of unhindered and inhibited HIPP was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. SEM investigation revealed that the inhibitor effectively protects the metal surface from aggressive corrosion. Atomic force microscopic images show the corroded MS surface roughness in the presence of HIPP reduced from 342.1 nm to 174.3 nm. Furthermore, the inhibitor's adsorption through electron-donor acceptor interactions was revealed by DFT calculations and MD studies.

Exploring the Corrosion Potential of Three Bio-Based Furan Derivatives on Mild Steel in Aqueous HCl Solution: An Experimental Inquiry Enhanced by Theoretical Analysis.

This research deals with the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in a highly corrosive aqueous HCl medium with a concentration of 0.5 M, using three different corrosion inhibitors: furan-2-carboxylic acid (1), furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (2), and furan-2,5-diyldimethanol (3). Various electrochemical tests, such as potentiodynamic polarization (PP or Tafel curve) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were systematically performed. The experimental results underscore the remarkable corrosion mitigating properties of inhibitors 1-3 on mild steel, showing inhibition efficiencies of 97.6, 99.5, and 95.8%, respectively, at a concentration of 5 × 10-3 M and temperature T = 298 K. Notably, the inhibition efficiency of each inhibitor 1-3 shows a positive correlation with its concentration. In addition, consistent results from all electrochemical methods confirm that 1-3 act as mixed inhibitors. These findings remain robust across different experimental techniques, ensuring the reliability and comprehensiveness of the results. Theoretically, the inhibitors were optimized using the Density Functional Theory/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method in gas and aqueous phase to evaluate their reactivity and stability. Among them, compound 2 stands out for its enhanced reactivity and stability, highlighted by optimal EHOMO and ELUMO values. Negative electrostatic potential mapping suggests potential reaction centers, while Fukui functions reveal localized sites of reactivity, supported by a favorable electronic distribution and specific interactions with metal surfaces. Reduced density gradient analysis also confirms the suitability of this compound for noncovalent interactions, in agreement with experimental data.These theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data, confirming the excellent performance of compound 2 as a corrosion inhibitor.

Eco-friendly Chlorella vulgaris extracts for corrosion protection of steel in acidic environments

This study evaluates the potential of Chlorella vulgaris sp. extracts as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for API 5L 42 Steel in a 1M HCl acidic environment, offering sustainable alternatives for industrial applications. Two corrosion inhibitors were obtained through solvent extraction methods: M1 (methanol) and M2 (methanol/chloroform). The extracts were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, the analysis revealed hydroxyl, methyl and vinyl groups as the most representative. The effect of corrosion inhibition was study by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. The results show significant reductions in corrosion current density and increases in charge transfer resistance, with M2 achieving the highest protection efficiency of 91.20 % and a charge transfer resistance of 501.80 Ω at a 120 ppm concentration, while M1 reached 88.22 % efficiency with a charge transfer resistance of 102.30 Ω. Uv–Vis measurements were performed to determine the electronic transitions of the metal-inhibitor system for each of the extracts. ANOVA highlighted the significant influence of biomass concentration on corrosion resistance. The adsorption of M1 and M2 extracts on the carbon steel surface obeyed the Langmuir isotherm and Gibbs free energy calculations indicated a physisorption mechanism for both extracts. Surface morphology analysis by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed less pitting and reduced surface roughness as inhibitor concentration increased. These findings underscore the potential of Chlorella vulgaris extracts, particularly M2 at 120 ppm, as effective and sustainable corrosion inhibitors for steel in acidic environments.

Comparative studies of Taguchi dynamic analysis, statistical, and artificial neural networks for low-carbon steel corrosion inhibition in acidic media

The aim of the present work is to optimize the corrosion inhibition process of low-carbon steel in 2.5 M phosphoric acid at different temperatures and inhibitor concentrations. The weight loss method is used to evaluate the corrosion rate in the absence or presence of a corrosion inhibitor. Taguchi dynamic (L16), mathematical regression, and artificial neural networks (ANN) are used during the data processing. The outcomes showed that the %IE increased with inhibitor concentration and temperature up to 50 oC. The Taguchi method showed that the optimum conditions for the corrosion inhibition temperature were found to be 50 oC and a 0.05 M KI concentration. Two mathematical models are proposed to construct a relationship between %IE and independent variables: the exponent model (EM) and the polynomial model (PM). PM was more accurate than EM, with a significant correlation coefficient approaching 0.9851. Temperature had a greater effect on the %IE than inhibitor concentration, which was consistent with Taguchi's findings. In ANN analyses, five networks were suggested: linear, a generalized regression neural network (GRNN), radial basis functions (RBF), and two multi-layer perceptron (MLP) networks. The highest correlation coefficient (0.996) and lower absolute error (0.126) were achieved by MLP 2:2-9-4-1:1.

Synthesis methods and description for new derivatives associated with 8-hydroxyquinoline and their use as acidic corrosion inhibitors for steel and other alloys: a review

Synthesis methods and description for new derivatives associated with 8-hydroxyquinoline and their use as acidic corrosion inhibitors for steel and other alloys: a review

An experimental and theoretical study of two pyridinium salt derivatives as API 5L Grade B steel corrosion inhibitors in H2SO4 solution

An experimental and theoretical study of two pyridinium salt derivatives as API 5L Grade B steel corrosion inhibitors in H2SO4 solution

Cucumber peel extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in sulfuric acid

Cucumber peel extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in sulfuric acid

Extract of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Leaves as a Novel Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Solution

In this work, leaves of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn were extracted by a one-step extraction method using ethanol as a solvent, and the Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn extract (SMGE) was firstly employed as a green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. The corrosion inhibition performance was studied using weight loss and electrochemical methods, and the anti-corrosion mechanism of SMGE is further analyzed through some surface characterizations and theoretical calculations. The results indicate that SMGE can act as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor and possess superior corrosion inhibition performance for carbon steel in H2SO4 solution, and the optimum corrosion inhibition efficiency reached 93.06% at 800 ppm SMGE combined with 60 ppm KI. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with the rising inhibitor concentration. Surface characterizations illustrated that the inhibitor could physico-chemically adsorb on a metal surface, forming a hydrophobic, protective film.

Synthesis and investigation of novel sulfonamide-1,2,3-triazoles corrosion inhibitors for E24 steel in 1 M HCl solution: A combination of modeling and experimental approaches

Synthesis and investigation of novel sulfonamide-1,2,3-triazoles corrosion inhibitors for E24 steel in 1 M HCl solution: A combination of modeling and experimental approaches

Using expired pharmaceutical Clotrimazole as a corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel in acidic media

Using expired pharmaceutical Clotrimazole as a corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel in acidic media

Maleic hydrazide derivative as green corrosion inhibitor for Q235 mild steel in 1 M HCl: synthesis, experiments and theoretical studies

In this study, a novel maleic hydrazide derivative (NOMAM) containing multiple reactive groups was realized. Corrosion experiments show that its corrosion inhibition efficiency reached 95.12 % at 0.2 g L−1 and a maximum of 97.01 % at 0.5 g L−1 on Q235 mild steel in 1 M HCl. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) have also confirmed its excellent inhibition performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that maleic hydrazide derivative molecules adsorb onto the mild steel surface with heteroatoms as reactive sites to form hydrophobic protective barriers. Thermodynamic results show that adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm and is a hybrid type dominated by chemisorption. The derivative is micro-effective with simple and inexpensive synthesis process. This work could provide a reference for green corrosion inhibitors on mild steel.

Exploring the Effectiveness of 3-Chloro-4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazole as a Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl Solution: Experimental and DFT Analysis

Corrosion is a significant issue in many industries, particularly where metals are exposed to harsh chemical environments. This study investigates the efficacy of 3-Chloro-4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazole (CMTD) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution across a temperature range of 303–333 K. Using weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization techniques, the inhibition efficiency of CMTD was evaluated at different concentrations and temperatures. The results show that CMTD achieves a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96.8% at a highest inhibitor concentration, even at elevated temperatures. The adsorption of CMTD on the mild steel surface follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with a calculated free energy of adsorption (ΔGads) of -39.5 kJ/mol, confirming a spontaneous chemisorption process. Quantum chemical Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies further elucidated the relationship between CMTD's molecular structure and its inhibition efficiency. Key parameters, including the energy gap (Egap = 3.551 eV), highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO = -6.317 eV), and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO = -2.766eV), were calculated to understand CMTD's reactivity. Additionally, global reactivity descriptors such as chemical hardness (η), electronegativity (χ), and the electron fraction transferred (ΔN) from CMTD to the iron surface were analyzed. These findings suggest that CMTD is highly effective in preventing corrosion and can be applied in industries where mild steel is exposed to acidic environments, such as in petrochemical and industrial cleaning processes.

Assessment of ethanolic extract of Dittrichia viscosa from Kardoussa Douar region of Taza in Morocco as antioxidant and green inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in acidic medium

This study targeted evaluating the anticorrosive and antioxidative characteristics of Dittrichia viscosa (ZS-OH) extract. ZS-OH was first extracted by deploying a soxhlet and characterized by chromatographic analysis (GC/MS). In addition, a quantitative assessment of the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (FC) content of the ZS-OH extract, as well as phytochemical analyses, were carried out. Antioxidant testing was conducted using the bioassay: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The ability of ZS-OH extract to stymie the corrosion of carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl was considered through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). ZS-OH extract yield was 4.73 %, and GC-MS revealed 32 distinct chemicals. Neryl isovalerate (29.8 %), 1,10-di-epi-Cubenol (25.4 %), and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (11.6 %) made up the majority of the ZS-OH extract. The electrochemical results reveal that the ZS-OH extract acts as a mixed-type with an inhibition efficiency of up to 96.8 % at 500 ppm under 303 K. Surface analyses using SEM/EDS confirmed the formation of the protective layer of ZS-OH extract molecules on the C-S surface. The three major components are fully optimized in the DFT through the B3LYP functional and 6–311++G(d,p) basis sets. Molecular dynamics simulation data show the molecules of ZS-OH extract oriented beneficially on metal surfaces, providing a high surface coverage, and thus, a high inhibition performance.

Synthesis of a new quaternary ammonium salt for efficient inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 15 % HCl: Experimental and theoretical studies

The corrosion phenomenon and its economic impacts can hardly be ignored in any application. This study synthesized a quaternary ammonium salt (3) containing hydrophobic dodecyl and electron-rich diallylbenzyl amine moieties to be used in 15 % HCl as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel. Several techniques, such as 1H and 13C NMR, IR, TGA, and elemental analysis, have been used to characterize inhibitor 3. Popular corrosion measurement techniques, namely weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization techniques, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, have been used to determine the efficiency of inhibitor 3. At 303 K and a moderately low concentration of 50 ppm, the quaternary ammonium salt-based inhibitor demonstrated a maximum efficiency of ≈95.0 %. At elevated temperatures of 313, 323, and 333 K, the inhibition efficacy values were recorded as 91.3, 82.8, and 75.0 %, respectively. Adsorption isotherm study revealed that the adsorption of inhibitor 3 followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The value of ΔGads° was found to be – 40.19 kJ mol−1, indicating that inhibitor 3 became adsorbed via a mixed physi-chemisorption mechanism. A very high adsorption constant (Kads) of 1.53 × 105 L mol−1 suggested strong adsorption of inhibitor 3. The difference in activation energy (Ea) value of 42.4 kJ mol−1 between the control and the inhibited solution indicated an efficient adsorption of inhibitor 3. The ability of inhibitor 3 to retard both anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions was proved via open circuit potential and Tafel curves studies. Detailed discussions on the change in corrosion current densities (icorr), polarization (Rp) and charge transfer (Rct) resistances have been offered to discuss the inhibition efficiency. Water contact angle measurement showed a drastic increase in mild steel surface hydrophobicity following inhibitor 3 adsorption. SEM-EDX and XPS studies confirmed the definitive presence of inhibitor 3 on the mild steel surface. Density functional theory (DFT) studies revealed the frontier molecular orbitals with which the metal surface interacts. A detailed corrosion inhibition mechanism has been offered in the context of adsorption isotherm and DFT studies.

Complex Protection of Some Steels in Sulfuric Acid Solutions by 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives.

The corrosion behavior of steels of various grades in sulfuric acid solutions with the addition of nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitors has been studied. Compounds containing the 1,2,4-triazole moiety effectively protect low-carbon (St3, St20, 08PS), high-strength (70S2KhA), and stainless steels (1Kh18N9T) not only from corrosion but also from the hydrogen penetration into the metals in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. In some cases, the degree of steel protection from corrosion by these compounds exceeded 99%. The possibility of creating mixed inhibitors for steel protection containing triazole derivatives and KI has been shown. The rate constants for the main steps of cathodic evolution and hydrogen penetration into steel in sulfuric acid solutions have been determined, and the subsurface concentrations of hydrogen in the metals have been calculated. Triazole derivatives were found to act as inhibitors of hydrogen absorption by steel in H2SO4 solution. The degree of protection of steel from hydrogen absorption can reach 97%. It has been shown that triazole derivatives act as complex inhibitors of steel corrosion in sulfuric acid solutions because, along with strong inhibition of metal corrosion, they prevent hydrogen absorption by steel.

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Root Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor of Steel in 3% NaCl

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Root Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor of Steel in 3% NaCl

Insight into the corrosion inhibition performance of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride acrylamide copolymer for mild steel in acidic solution

Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride acrylamide (DADMAC-AAM) copolymer was firstly applied as a novel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic solution. Electrochemical, theoretical and computational methods were performed to illustrate the corrosion inhibition mechanism of DADMAC-AAM. Results of electrochemical tests indicated that DADMAC-AAM effectively slowed down corrosion rate of mild steel in HCl solution as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. Its corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with dosage, and the maximum value reached about 92.44 % with adding 100 mg/L. In-situ scanning vibration electrode technique illustrated that the corrosion inhibition performance of DADMAC-AAM increased with immersion time. Metal surface was covered with a dense hydrophobic film due to the physical-chemical adsorption of DADMAC-AAM molecules, and the adsorption behavior obeyed to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model. Theoretical calculations were carried out to explain the corrosion inhibition mechanism, and the increase of active energy indicated that the strong inhibitive action of DADMAC-AAM molecule could be due to the increase of activation energy barrier of corrosion reaction. Results obtained from computational simulations proved that DMDMAC-AAM molecules adsorbed on metal surface through interactions between N or O and Fe atoms. This adsorption film could retard the invasion of corrosive species, thus protecting metal from corrosion.

Millettia aboensis leaves extract as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidizing solution: From experimental to molecular level prediction

The development of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors is becoming more popular since conventional inhibitors are poisonous and non-biodegradable. The anti-corrosive effectiveness of Millettia aboensis leaves extract (MALE) has been assessed in this study using several methods, such as electrochemical measurements, X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy on mild steel in acidic solution. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was combined with qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis to identify the phytochemicals linked to the activity of the Millettia aboensis extracts and identified key phytoconstituents such as Hexanedioic acid, Phenol derivatives, Octadecanoic acid, and Linolenic acid, which play significant roles in the extract's inhibitory performance. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency (IE%) improved to 88.6 % with the addition of inhibitor concentration from 0.1 g/L to 3.0 g/L and that the corrosion rate drastically reduced from 56.91 mpy to 16.09 mpy. Furthermore, at a greater concentration (3.0 g/L), the Rct values rose from 61.42 Ω cm2 to 176.3 Ω cm2 thus, indicating that the inhibitor molecules were forming a protective film over the metallic surface. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provided visual evidence of surface morphology, revealing a smoother surface in the presence of the inhibitor, indicative of the protective film formed by the adsorption of organic molecules onto the steel surface. Theoretical calculations using the ωB97XD functional and def2svp basis set further supported the experimental findings, showing that the protonated form of C21H36O4 exhibited the highest interaction energy, correlating with its superior inhibition efficiency on the metal surface.

Microbial corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Bacillus thuringiensis

Microbial corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Bacillus thuringiensis

Synthesis of new binary trimethoxyphenylfuran pyrimidinones as proficient and sustainable corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acidic medium: experimental, surface morphology analysis, and theoretical studies

In this study, synthesis and assessment of the corrosion inhibition of four new binary heterocyclic pyrimidinones on CS in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solutions at various temperatures (30–50 °C) were investigated. The synthesized molecules were designed and synthesized through Suzuki coupling reaction, the products were identified as 5-((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (HM-1221), 2-thioxo-5-((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (HM-1222), 1,3-diethyl-2-thioxo-5-((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (HM-1223) and 1,3-dimethyl-5-((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (HM-1224). The experiments include weight loss measurements (WL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). From the measurements, it can be shown that the inhibition efficiency (η) of these organic derivatives increases with increasing the doses of inhibitors. The highest η recorded from EIS technique were 89.3%, 90.0%, 92.9% and 89.7% at a concentration of 11 × 10−6 M and 298 K for HM-1221, HM-1222, HM-1223, and HM-1224, respectively. The adsorption of the considered derivatives fit to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Since the ΔGoads values were found to be between − 20.1 and − 26.1 kJ mol−1, the analyzed isotherm plots demonstrated that the adsorption process for these derivatives on CS surface is a mixed-type inhibitors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscope (AFM) and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were utilized to study the surface morphology, whereby, quantum chemical analysis can support the mechanism of inhibition. DFT data and experimental findings were found in consistent agreement.Graphical