Inhibition Of Metabolic Processes Research Articles

Functional and metabolic activity of blood neutrophilic granulocytes in children with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum with detected <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection

The Helicobacter pylori bacterium is currently considered one of the leading etiopathogenetic factors in the formation of gastric and duodenal ulcer in children and adults. Despite many studies in this area, the mechanisms of phagocytic activity in response to exposure to Helicobacter pylori are not completely clear. The aim of the work was to obtain results on the functional and metabolic activity of blood neutrophilic granulocytes in children with Helicobacter pylori-associated erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum. The object of the study are neutrophilic granulocytes isolated from the blood of patients and the control group. Samples were taken from 46 persons with Helicobacter pylori-associated erosive – ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum aged 11 to 18 years and the control group, which consisted of 55 practically healthy persons who had this disease excluded in the same age range. A comparative analysis of the functional activity of cells using chemiluminescent analysis and metabolic activity by the bioluminescent method was carried out. Luminol was used as a chemiluminescence activator. The measurement of the functional activity of phagocytes was based on the determination of the base activity (spontaneous reaction) and the reserve capacity of the cells when they were exposed to the nonspecific inducer zymosan. There is a reduced activation index of neutrophils in patients relative to the control group, which may characterize reduced metabolic reserves of cells. In neutrophilic granulocytes, there is a decrease in G6PDG, an enzyme that triggers glycolysis along the pentose phosphate pathway and contributes to the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) to NADPH, which is necessary for the formation of reduced glutathione that binds oxidants. With its insufficiency, a decrease in the energy reserves of cells occurs. In neutrophilic blood granulocytes in children with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum with H. pylori infection, a decrease in metabolic reserves is observed, which is associated with inhibition of metabolic processes in cells.

The Use of TiO2 as a Disinfectant in Water Sanitation Applications

Waterborne diseases produced by organisms of public health concern are prevalent worldwide, continuing to cause deaths annually. Conventional disinfectants (ozone, UV radiation, chlorine) have been insufficient in providing safe water as many studies revealed. TiO2 is an attractive alternative to conventional methods because of its versatility and recently explored biocidal capacity due to advanced oxidation processes. The oligodynamic effect that TiO2 seems to have on some microorganisms consists of effective lipid hyper oxidation of microorganism membranes, as well as protein interactions that lead to the alteration of the internal conditions and the inhibition of metabolic processes that eventually lead to their lysis. Nevertheless, a satisfactory description of other organisms is necessary to complete the disinfectant–organism interaction, and then the subsequent evaluation parameters of sanitation should proceed. In addition, solutions for feasibility, standardization of results for achieving consistent results and defined applications, lower costs, scalability, and security after its application need to be studied. Understanding its usage implies knowing the actual state of the art and its limitations for water disinfection purposes, as well as the potential benefits that overcoming such limitations would provide, thus allowing the possibility of establishing it as a feasible and popular technology.

Quantitative Proteomic and Microcystin Production Response of Microcystis aeruginosa to Phosphorus Depletion.

Microcystis blooms are the most widely distributed and frequently occurring cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater. Reducing phosphorus is suggested to be effective in mitigating cyanobacterial blooms, while the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics was employed to study the effects of phosphorus depletion on Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905. The production of microcystins (MCs), a severe hazard of Microcystis blooms, was also analyzed. In total, 230 proteins were found to be differentially abundant, with 136 downregulated proteins. The results revealed that, upon phosphorus limitation stress, Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 raised the availability of phosphorus primarily by upregulating the expression of orthophosphate transport system proteins, with no alkaline phosphatase producing ability. Phosphorus depletion remarkably inhibited cell growth and the primary metabolic processes of Microcystis, including transcription, translation and photosynthesis, with structures of photosystems remaining intact. Moreover, expression of nitrogen assimilation proteins was downregulated, while proteins involved in carbon catabolism were significantly upregulated, which was considered beneficial for the intracellular balance among carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The expression of MC synthetase was not significantly different upon phosphorus depletion, while MC content was significantly suppressed. It is assumed that phosphorus depletion indirectly regulates the production of MC by the inhibition of metabolic processes and energy production. These results contribute to further understanding of the influence mechanisms of phosphorus depletion on both biological processes and MC production in Microcystis cells.

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Tingkat Harga Diri pada Penderita Stroke di Rumah Sakit Umum Royal Prima Medan

Stroke is a condition where a part of the brain is suddenly disturbed which is caused by a lack of blood supply, which causes an inhibition of metabolic processes. As a result of a stroke affects the psychological function of the patient, so the patient feels his level of self-esteem decreases or is low. The role and support of families play an important role in the rehabilitation process to provide health services for stroke patients. The aim is to find out the relationship of family support with the level of self esteem (self-esteem) in stroke patients at the Royal Prima Medan Hospital in 2019. The design used a "cross sectional study" approach with a population of 2,690 people. Samples were stroke patients at RSU Royal Prima medan, as many as 25 respondents using accidental sampling techniques and questionnaires as research instruments. The test used is the chi-square test. The results of the study Based on the chi-square test found p value (<0.05) statistically shows that there is a relationship between family support and the level of self esteem (self-esteem) in stroke patients specifically there is a relationship between informational support (p-value = 0.009), assessment support (p-value = 0.003), Instrumental support is obtained (p-value = 0.009), Emotional support (p-value = 0.004) with the level of self esteem (self-esteem) in stroke patients. This research shows that good family support will positively impact the level of self esteem (self-esteem) in stroke patients.

Utilisation of solid digestate from acidification reactors of continues two-stage anaerobic digestion processes in Lentinula edodes cultivation

The edible fungus Lentinula edodes was cultivated on growth substrates containing solid digestate (press cake) from hydrolysis steps of hay and straw digestion in two-stage anaerobic digestion processes. Chemical analyses uncovered modifications of nitrogen and carbon uptake affecting the mycelial growth and fruiting of L. edodes under press cake application. Inhibition of metabolic processes was revealed in substrates containing ≥60% PC. The application of 40% press cake led to the highest loss of dry mass from growth substrate, the highest degradation and metabolism of lignocellulosic polymers, and the strongest quality of mushrooms harvested, as measured by vitamin content (+74% compared to conventional growth substrate) and mushroom yield (+35% compared to conventional growth substrate). These observations suggest new innovative pathways for digestate utilisation, and indicate that lignocellulose-rich press cakes from biogas plants are valuable substrates for cultivations of L. edodes.

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN TINGKAT SELF ESTEEM (HARGA DIRI) PADA PENDERITA STROKE DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM ROYAL PRIMA MEDAN 2019

Stroke is a condition where a part of the brain is suddenly disturbed which is caused by a lack of blood supply, which causes an inhibition of metabolic processes. As a result of a stroke affects the psychological function of the patient, so the patient feels his level of self-esteem decreases or is low. The role and support of families play an important role in the rehabilitation process to provide health services for stroke patients. The aim is to find out the relationship of family support with the level of self esteem (self-esteem) in stroke patients at the Royal Prima Medan Hospital in 2019. The design used a "cross sectional study" approach with a population of 2,690 people. Samples were stroke patients at RSU Royal Prima medan, as many as 25 respondents using accidental sampling techniques and questionnaires as research instruments. The test used is the chi-square test. The results of the study Based on the chi-square test found p value (<0.05) statistically shows that there is a relationship between family support and the level of self esteem (self-esteem) in stroke patients specifically there is a relationship between informational support (p-value = 0.009), assessment support (p-value = 0.003), Instrumental support is obtained (p-value = 0.009), Emotional support (p-value = 0.004) with the level of self esteem (self-esteem) in stroke patients. This research shows that good family support will positively impact the level of self esteem (self-esteem) in stroke patients.

Bioremediation of lead toxicity in Al-Gabal Al-Asfar Farm using Aspergillus niger

Unlike many other pollutants, heavy metals are non-degradable and are persistent in the environment. Toxicity of heavy metals resulted from the interaction of metals with enzymes and inhibition of metabolic processes. Bioremediation is a technique used to alleviate toxicity of heavy metals. In this wok, Aspergillus niger was used to mitigate the toxic effect of lead (Pb) in Al-Gabal Al-Asfar farm, kalubiya, Egypt. Our results of growth, pigments, sugars and antioxidant system of Phaseolus vulgaris concluded that A. niger mitigated the toxicity of lead in bean.

Diagnostic computational model for neuronal disorder through glycogen metabolism in astrocytes

An automaton called embedded automaton is introduced to monitor the glycogen metabolism with an end product as lactate in astrocytes. It is designed to observe the glycogen metabolism with the states of acceptance and rejection. It is a hybridisation of both non-deterministic finite automaton and push-down automaton. The acceptance state of the embedded automaton depicts the normal level of glycogen synthesis and degradation. The rejection state of this machine shows the inhibition of metabolic processes in the absence of active enzymes. The process of glycogen metabolism in astrocytes can be regulated with a group of regulatory enzymes. It assists in enhancing the energy supply to neurons by regulating the neuronal activity. The construction of computational model using automata theory can help in targeting research on the enzymatic activity in brain glycogen pathways. Such an interdisciplinary approach can be a promising therapeutic application for both diagnosis and therapy for neuronal injuries.

Characteristics of adenine nucleotides content in acute hypoxia by mathematical analysis methods

Oxygen starvation is observed in a variety of pathological states and serves as one of the urgent problems in medicine. A decrease in oxygen supply to tissues is accompanied by the inhibition of metabolic processes (primarily of energy metabolism), which impairs functional activity of the brain. The main source of energy for brain is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It was shown that the components of adenylate pool can be used as early predictors of hypoxia. Aim of the study: the aim of our study was analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) experimental concentrations and integral coefficient K= in intact animals brain tissue and in disturbances of the oxygen regime by methods of mathematical analysis, as well as detection of some regularity in the character of their changes under the impact of hypoxia for the assessment and prediction of direction of production and utilization energy in metabolic pathways. Methodology: in this study empirical dependencies and criteria of statistical significance of mathematical modeling of quantitative relation between specified brain nucleotide stock indicators for the assessment and prognostication of brain energy state in extreme conditions were used. Results and area of their application: The use of empirical dependencies methods allowed to create multiregression models, subtly enough to unite experimental indicators ATP and AMP in hypobaric hypoxia and ischemia with different-term exposure. Obtained models can be used for prognostication of ATP and AMP concentrations in disturbances of the oxygen regime in a short or over a long period of time, as well as to receive information of indicator K= changing depending on brain hypoxia. Conclusion: functional dependencies are presented in this study to analyze shape, closeness and stability of relations between adenine nucleotides characterizing coupling of production and utilization energy processes, and also to predict the direction of these processes under hypoxic condition.

Factors That Influence Microdialysis Recovery. Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Microdialysis Recoveries in Rat Liver

Inhibition of metabolic processes was used to assess the possible change in the recovery of material from a microdialysis probe implanted in vivo in rat liver. Phenacetin and antipyrine were perfused through a microdialysis probe implanted in the liver. Inhibition of phenacetin and antipyrine metabolism was achieved through an iv bolus dose of the cytochrome P450 suicide substrate 1-aminobenzotriazole (1- ABT). 1-ABT inhibited phenacetin clearance by 90%, thus also inhibiting metabolism by 90%. There was no statistical difference in the recovery of phenacetin and antipyrine across the microdialysis membrane in the liver between the control and metabolically inhibited animals. Partial differential equations were developed that describe the transport of analyte from the microdialysis probe and solved by an implicit finite-difference method to aid in the understanding of the above-mentioned microdialysis experiments. Predictions of microdialysis recovery obtained from the numerical model are compared with those found experimentally. The model could predict trends in the data, but not the actual experimental values. This suggests that predictions from this microdialysis model are essentially heuristic and as presently formulated can be used only to show mechanisms that affect recovery, but they cannot be used to accurately predict recovery. Prediction of actual recovery requires knowledge of the values of the parameters that describe chemical properties such as the in vivo diffusion coefficient, metabolism rate constant, and capillary exchange rate constant. For microdialysis experiments performed in the liver, capillary exchange and the rate of liver blood flow appear to be the dominant processes that facilitate net transport from a microdialysis probe rather than metabolic processes. These results indicate that microdialysis recoveries measured after inhibition of a concentration-dependent kinetic process via pharmacological challenge will change only when the kinetic process that is being challenged is large compared to the contribution of all concentration- dependent kinetic processes, including other metabolism routes, capillary exchange, or uptake that remove the analyte from the tissue space. It is concluded that the microdialysis recovery of a substance from the liver is not generally affected by liver metabolism.

Degradation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain KR3 investigated by flow calorimetry

Abstract Biotic degradation techniques are gaining importance in decontaminating soils and waste water from organic pollutants. One class of organic pollutants of much interest are polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), ubiquitous substances some of which show a high carcinogenic and mutagenic potential and acute toxicity. Although they usually possess a high thermodynamic stability they can be degraded by microorganisms. In our investigations of PAH degradation we used naphthalene as a model substance because of its high solubility. The degradation of naphthalene at 25°C in liquid culture by Pseudomonas sp. strain KR3 was observed with a Thermometric microcalorimeter equipped with a flow cell. Bacterial cultures from a fermentor were pumped through this measuring cell via tubing. Parallel to the microcalorimetric investigations the amount of degraded naphthalene and the generation of metabolites were observed by HPLC analysis, and biomass production and oxygen consumption were measured. On degrading naphthalene, Pseudomonas sp. strain KR3 generated various metabolites at the same time. Only some of the metabolites had their maximum concentration synchronous to the maximum heat flow rate. Anabolic processes were delayed compared to the consumption of the substrate. A good correlation between calorimetric results and oxygen consumption was found. A relationship between a strong decrease in heat production after the main heat flow rate peak and inhibition of metabolic processes by lack of oxygen could be excluded. Decrease in the heat flow rate is assumed to be due to lowered gas exchange in the calorimeter tubes, i.e. the inhibited degassing of carbon dioxide. Calculation of an envelope for the heat flow rate is useful to improve experimental results.

Subcellular mechanism and site of action of ionic lanthanum at the motor nerve terminal.

The mechanism by which ionic lanthanum (La3+) increases and subsequently decreases spontaneous transmitter release was investigated by recording miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) at frog neuromuscular junctions. Addition of tetrodotoxin and Co2+ delayed the onset of MEPP frequency increase but did not otherwise prevent the response. Dinitrophenol substantially reduced but did not eliminate the increase, whereas 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino) octyl ester (TMB-8) completely abolished it. Thus, La3+ does not act by depolarizing the terminal or by substituting for Ca2+ at transmitter release sites. Instead, it appears to enter the terminal through Na+ channels and promote Ca2+ release from intracellular organelles. The profound depletion of transmitter with time may be due to the high turnover of transmitter coupled with the inhibition of metabolic processes by La3+.

The effects of hydrostatic pressure on bacterial attachment

The effects of elevated hydrostatic pressure on the ability of a marine bacterium to attach to solid surfaces were examined. Cell viability of Pseudomonas perfectomarina appeared to be only moderately affected by pressures up to 608 Mbar (= 600 atm). However, pressures above 405 Mbar resulted in a dramatic reduction in primary film formation compared to control cultures maintained at 1 Mbar. A pressure of 600 atm almost completely inhibited the ability of this organism to attach to the surface. Decreased ability to attach could not be accounted for solely by pressure‐induced inhibition of metabolic processes, since the percentage of cells which did attach and subsequently develop into microcolonies under pressure equalled that of 1 Mbar controls. Thus, pressure appears to have a significant effect on the initial stages of attachment, and not solely on cell metabolism. The possibility that microbial attachment to surfaces may be a survival mechanism allowing attached cells to remain metabolically active under pressure is discussed.

Comparison of the intoxication pathways of tumor necrosis factor and diphtheria toxin

The mechanism by which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) initiates tumor cell destruction is unknown. Having established that a brief drop in extracellular pH enhances the killing activity of TNF, our next objective was to explore whether TNF-induced cell death is dependent on endosomal acidification. Diphtheria toxin (DTx), a well-characterized acid-dependent cytotoxin, served as an indicator of the effectiveness of each treatment condition. Studies with lysosomotropic agents demonstrated that the cytotoxic pathway of TNF can operate independently of low pH exposure in contrast to the lethal pathway of DTx. When NH4Cl-treated cells were exposed to TNF at low pH, the level of killing increased two- to threefold over that attained with cells maintained at neutral pH (either with or without NH4Cl). Furthermore, inhibition of metabolic processes by sodium azide in combination with 2-deoxyglucose severely reduced DTx killing but stimulated TNF killing. Despite these differences, TNF and DTx provoked extensive internucleosomal DNA cleavage in prelytic target cells. Inhibitor of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) transferase also evoked similar levels of cellular resistance to both cytotoxins. Models for DTx- and TNF-induced cytolysis are discussed in view of these new discoveries.

Inhibition of metabolic processes by coenzyme-A-sequestering aromatic acids. Prevention by para-chloro- and para-nitrobenzoic acids.

Octanoate, salicylate, valproic acid, p-octyl-, p-nitro-, and p-chlorobenzoic acids were effective inhibitors of benzoic acid activation to benzoyl-CoA by mitochondrial extracts. p-Aminobenzoic acid was much less effective. Of these compounds, only salicylate and p-nitrobenzoic acid were not activated to their respective CoA esters. Salicylate, p-chloro- and p-nitrobenzoic acids effectively prevented inhibition of glucose synthesis and alpha-keto[1-14C]isovalerate oxidation by valproic acid, p-octyl-, and p-aminobenzoic acids, p-Octyl- and p-aminobenzoic acids greatly depleted hepatocyte free CoA and acetyl-CoA contents and increased the content of acid-insoluble and acid-soluble CoA esters respectively. p-Chloro- and p-nitrobenzoic acids prevented the sequestration of CoA as p-octylbenzoyl-CoA or p-aminobenzoyl-CoA in hepatocytes incubated with these compounds. p-Chlorobenzoic acid not only prevented but also reversed the inhibition of gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes incubated with p-octylbenzoic acid. These results suggest that p-chloro- or p-nitrobenzoic acids might be effectively used to reverse some of the hepatotoxic effects of the CoA esters of valproic acid or naturally-occurring organic acids, such as those which accumulate in Reye's Syndrome or organic acidemias.

Influence of valproic acid on hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

Valproic acid (dipropylacetic acid), an antiepileptic agent known to be hepatotoxic in some patients, caused inhibition of lactate gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and fatty acid synthesis by isolated hepatocytes. The latter process was the most sensitive to valproic acid, 50% inhibition occurring at ca. 125 μ m with cells from meal-fed female rats. The medium-chain acyl-CoA ester fraction was increased whereas coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl-CoA, and the long chain acyl-CoA fractions were decreased by valproic acid. The increase in the medium chain acyl-CoA fraction was found by high-pressure liquid chromatography to be due to the accumulation of valproyl-CoA plus an apparent CoAester metabolite of valproyl-CoA. Salicylate inhibited valproyl-CoA formation and partially protected against valproic acid inhibition of hepatic metabolic processes. Octanoate had a similar protective effect, suggesting that activation of valproic acid in the mitosol is required for its inhibitory effects. It is proposed that either valproyl-CoA itself or the sequestration of CoA causes inhibition of metabolic processes. Valproyl-CoA formation also appears to explain valproic acid inhibition of gluconeogenesis by isolated kidney tubules. No evidence was found for the accumulation of valproyl-CoA in brain tissue, suggesting that the effects of valproic acid in the central nervous system are independent of the formation of this metabolite.

Ethidium bromide inhibits mitochondrial phosphorylating oxidation.

Ethidium bromide, in addition to combination with mitochondrial nucleic acids, is a phosphorylation inhibitor during glutamate and succinate respiration by mitochondria. Exhaustive washing of ethidium bromide-treated mitochondria did not relieve the inhibition nor significantly decrease the amount of bound dye. Dialysis against a cation exchange resin at 3 degrees for 17 hr removed about 97% of bound dye. This restored phosphorylating capacity to that of untreated mitochondria which had also been dialyzed against the resin. Since state 3 respiration was diminished and state 4 was unaffected by the presence of the acridine dye, and since neither swelling of mitochondria nor release of latent ATPase was observed, then ethidium bromide was not an electron transport inhibitor nor an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of metabolic processes by ethidium bromide may be due in part to depressed generation of mitochondrial ATP.

The function of the isolated heterologous liver perfused with the human blood (author's transl)

The metabolic changes and their influence on the isolated liver were studied in 21 experiments on pig liver, perfused with human blood during the period of 3 hrs. It was detected, that rather active carbohydrate and nitrogenic metabolism has been maintained in the liver during 1.5-2 hrs. But after the 2nd hr of perfusion the phenomens of perfusion the phenomens of hypoxia increased, that caused the inhibition of metabolic processes and leaded to deterioration of liver function. The experience of clinical perfusions showed, that the functional activity of assisted liver over the period of 90 min was so depressed, that the organ couldn't provide positive clinical effect.