Inhibition Of Functional Activity Research Articles

Markers of dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

The aim of the study was to study the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients to identify key markers of dysbiosis in IBD. Fecal samples obtained from 95 IBD patients (78 UC and 17 CD) as well as 96 healthy volunteers were used for whole-genome sequencing carried out on the SOLiD 5500 W platform. Taxonomic profiling was performed by aligning the reeds, not maped on hg19, on MetaPhlAn2 reference database. Reeds were mapped using the HUNAnN2 algorithm to the ChocoPhlAn database to assess the representation of microbial metabolic pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) level were measured in fecal samples by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Changes in IBD patients gut microbiota were characterized by an increase in the representation of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla bacteria and decrease in the number of Firmicutes phylum bacteria and Euryarchaeota phylum archaea; a decrease in the alpha-diversity index, relative representation of butyrate-producing, hydrogen-utilizing bacteria, and Methanobrevibacter smithii; increase in the relative representation of Ruminococcus gnavus in UC and CD patients and Akkermansia muciniphila in CD patients. Reduction of Butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA transferase gene relative representation in CD patients, decrease of absolute content of SCFA total number as well as particular SCFAs and main SCFAs ratio in IBD patients may indicate inhibition of functional activity and number of anaerobic microflora and/or an change in SCFA utilization by colonocytes. the revealed changes can be considered as typical signs of dysbiosis in IBD patients and can be used as potential targets for IBD patients personalized treatment development.

ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE SENSITIZATION RATE OF THE POPULATION IN A RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT

There are considered ecological-hygienic aspects of the sensitization rate of population in residential environmental. The considerable part of the life of a person passes in conditions of residential environmental, he is exposed to the whole complex of sensitizing factors, with the house dust being the most important among these factors. Results. According to results of our research, the greatest number of allergic reactions was noted under the contact with domestic, pollen and epidermal allergens. In the structure of allergic diseases in the population the most frequent were allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The overwhelming majority of observed cases was shown to suffer from functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and there was also observed the presence of chronic foci of inflammation. As a result of the executed comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the quality of residential environment there was established that in conditions of residential and public buildings the array of chemicals also had allergical effect on population. Discussion. The complex chemical pollutants of the residential environment in isolation was shown to fail to exert anaphylactogenic activity, whereas in complex with house dust allergen there are revealed the decline in immunological indices of the nonspecific resistance and inhibition of functional activity of T-suppressors, and amplification of immediate hypersensitivity in condition of impact of allergical complex of domestic dust. The existence of disorders of different functional systems of organism also provokes the development of the state of the hypersensitivity of population. Conclusions. The sensitization of the population was shown to be directly affected by the combined effect on human sensitization with allergenic components of house dust and chemical pollutants. Factors contributing to the development and occurrence of allergic pathologies among the population include: the level of chemical contamination of residential environment, various functional disorders of the body systems, which give rise in increased sensitization of the population.

INFLUENCE OF VILDAGLIPTIN AND GLIQUIDONE COMBINATION ON P-GLYCOPROTEIN FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION ON THE BACKGROUND OF NORM AND IN EXPERIMENTAL ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2

In the in vivo study on rabbits investigated the effect of the vildagliptin and gliqui-done combination on the background of norm and experimental alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 on the P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1 protein) functional activity and its expression in the tissues of the jejunum, liver, kidney and the blood-brain barrier. Introduction of combination of vildagliptin at a dose of 5 mg/kg and gliquidone 10 mg/kg body weight on the background of norm for 14 days did not result in P-glycoprotein changes. On the 5-day of the cancellation of this combination observed inhibition of transporter protein functional activity without altering its expression. In the combination therapy of vildagliptin and gliquidone alloxan-induced diabetes type 2 showed complete recovery of P-glycoprotein functional activity and expression reduced on the pathology background. On the 5-day of treatment withdrawal again occurred inhibition of functional activity of the transporter protein and a decrease in its expression.

Diagnostic significance of the endopulmonary cytogram in type 1 diabetes mellitus

This paper presents the functional cytologic criteria of the endopulmonary cytogram in patients with type 1 diabetes without signs of pulmonary pathology. Identified violations can determine the state of the cellular mechanisms of non-specific protection of the bronchus and lungs in the insulin deficiency. It was shown that prolonged exposure of the hyperglycemia on the respiratory tract induced the subclinical flowing endobronhitis associated with increased activity of neutrophils and inhibition of functional activity of alveolar macrophages in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Inhibition of functional activity of the adenylyl cyclase signaling system of the ciliate Dileptus anser by colchicine and vinblastine

Cytoskeleton plays a key role in the functioning of hormonal signaling systems in vertebrate animals. However, data on the effect of cytoskeletal components, in particular microtubules, on the functional activity of chemosignaling systems of unicellular organisms are currently lacking. The goal of this work consisted of studying the effects of microtubule-disrupting agents, colchicine and vinblastine, on the adenylyl cyclase system of free living infusoria Dileptus anser. The incubation of D. anser with colchicine and vinblastine (10−5–10−6 M) weakly affected the basal activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC), but led to a significant decrease in or complete block of AC stimulation with nonhormonal (GppNHp, sodium fluoride) and hormonal agents (adrenaline, serotonin, glucagon). The basal level of GTP binding in heterotrimeric G proteins decreased and there was observed inhibition of stimulation of G proteins by hormones. Colchicine and vinblastine have been shown to interrupt adrenalin-produced AC stimulation achieved through Gs-protein, but weakly affect its inhibiting AC effect caused by the Gi-protein. Thus, it has been established for the first time that, in unicellular organisms, i.e., infusoria D. anser, microtubules are involved in the regulation of the functional activity of the AC system and their action is realized at the level of G proteins, which is similar to Gs-proteins in vertebrate animals.

Retinal vessel dilation following repletion of vitamin A deficiency

We hypothesized that because depletion of vitamin A blocks the initiation of phototransduction, such inhibition of functional activation should lead to decrease retinal metabolism and perfusion. In a case study of a vitamin A-depleted patient, we found that retinal vessel diameters, a surrogate measure of retinal perfusion, increased in concert with the restitution of electroretinographic function following vitamin A supplementation. When normalized to conditions after treatment, the relative magnitude of study parameters at presentation were: scotopic electroretinography B-wave amplitude 1.2%, photopic electroretrinography B-wave amplitude 23%, retinal vein diameter 88%, retinal artery diameter 94%. These observations support that activation of the visual process results in increased retinal metabolism and perfusion.

Effect of corticotropin, steroidogenic inhibitors and hypophysectomy on the nuclear volumes of fasciculata cells in the rat adrenal cortex

The purpose of this investigation was to measure quantitatively nuclear volumes in outer fasciculata cells in adrenal glands of rats subjected to chronic stimulation of steroidogenesis by ACTH, or to chronic inhibition of functional activity by hypophysectomy or by injection of the steroidogenic inhibitos, U-8113 (p-aminophenyl butanone) and SU-4885 (metopirone). Nuclear volumes, after a recovery period from those effects, were also measured. Chronic daily administrations of ACTH for 7, 14, and 30 days led to a progressive, statistically significant increase in nuclear volumes of fasciculata cells. These changes were found to have been reversed 14 days after discontinuation of hormone treatment. Hypophysectomy resulted in a significant decrease in nuclear volumes. The steroidogenic inhibitors SU-4885 and U-8113 had a biphasic effect on the nuclear volumes with an early decrease and subsequent increase to normal values. Since a decrease in nuclear volumes in the adrenal glands of inhibitor-treated subjects occurred in the presence of cellular hypertrophy and a significant increase in adrenal weights, it is concluded that changes in nuclear volumes can be positively correlated with the secretory activity of the cell rather than with the sizes of cells or glands.

Effect of the polyvalent proteinase inhibitor trasylol on antibody formation under normal conditions and in experimental atherosclerosis

Antibodies to erythrocytes of sheep and human serum albumin were formed in rabbits with alimentary atherosclerosis as intensively as in control. Trasilol failed to affect the antibody formation in normal animals, but sharply decreased the production of specific immunoglobulins (especially the 7S) in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis. Thus, the action of the preparation is realized not by way of direct inhibition of functional activity of the lymphoid tissue cells, but by inhibiting the immunostimulating factor circulating in the blood in experimental atherosclerosis.