Inhibition Of Bacterial Growth Research Articles

Antioxidant dimension and potential as bacterial growth inhibitors in crude extracts of two Artemisia species (Artemisia indica Willd. and Artemisia maritima L.) from Gilgit-Baltistan region, Pakistan

Antioxidant dimension and potential as bacterial growth inhibitors in crude extracts of two Artemisia species (Artemisia indica Willd. and Artemisia maritima L.) from Gilgit-Baltistan region, Pakistan

The Push-Out Bond Strength, Surface Roughness, and Antimicrobial Properties of Endodontic Bioceramic Sealers Supplemented with Silver Nanoparticles

This study evaluated push-out bond test (POBT), surface roughness, and antimicrobial properties against Enterococcus faecalis of bioceramic sealers supplemented with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The sealers tested were CeraSeal®, EndoSequence® BC SealerTM, and Bio-C® Sealer. The POBT was measured with a Universal Testing Machine, and the type of failure was evaluated with a stereomicroscope. The roughness average (Sa) and peak–valley height (Sy) values were evaluated by atomic force microscopy. The bacterial growth inhibition was evaluated using a disk diffusion test, and antimicrobial activity was determined with the plate microdilution method. The POBT showed no significant difference between sealers with and those without NPs in cervical and apical thirds (p > 0.05). In the middle third, the adhesion force was significant for Endosequence BC Sealer® (p < 0.05). The results showed that the Sa and Sy parameters, when AgNPs were added, did not show a statistically significant difference compared to the groups without nanoparticles (p > 0.05). All tested sealers showed bacterial growth inhibition, but no significant difference was found. Their efficacy, in descending order of antibacterial activity when AgNPs were added, is as follows: EndoSequence® BC SealerTM > Bio-C® Sealer > CeraSeal®. The incorporation of AgNPs into bioceramics improves antimicrobial activity without affecting mechanical properties.

Synergistic effects of oxidative and acid stress on bacterial membranes of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus simulans

Oxidative stress in combination with acid stress has been shown to inactivate a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including multi-resistant bacteria. This occurs e.g. in phagolysosomes or during treatment by cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAP) and possibly depends on the cell membrane. We therefore explored the effects of CAP-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) on bacterial growth inhibition and membranes in neutral and acidic suspensions. We observed that growth inhibition was most efficient when bacteria were treated by a mix of short and long-lived RONS in an acidic environment. Membrane packing was affected mainly upon contact with short-lived RONS, while also acidity strongly modulated packing. Under these conditions, Gram-negative bacteria displayed large potassium release while SYTOX Green influx remained marginal. Growth inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria correlated well with outer membrane (OM) permeabilization that occurred upon contact with short and/or long-lived RONS in synergy with acidity. In Gram-positive bacteria, CAP impaired membrane potential possibly through pore formation upon contact with short-lived RONS while formation of membrane protein hydroperoxides was probably involved in these effects. In summary, our study provides a wide perspective on understanding inactivation mechanisms of bacteria by RONS in combination with acidity.

Phytochemical Diversity and Biological Effects of Juniperus thurifera L., Essential Oil : A Comparative Study using In Vitro and In Silico Methods.

This study aims to elucidate the phytochemical diversity and biological activities of J. thurifera essential oil (JTEO) through a comparative analysis of samples from two distinct regions: Tensift-Al Haouz and Azilal, using both in vitro and in silico methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed 21 components in the Tensift-Al Haouz JTEO (99.99% of the oil) and 23 components in the Azilal JTEO (99.58% of the oil), with oxygenated monoterpenes being the predominant compounds in both. The biological activities were assessed in vitro. Antioxidant properties, evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays, showed significant activity in both oils. Antibacterial activity was tested against two strains of Gram-positive and two strains of Gram-negative bacteria, with both oils demonstrating notable bacterial growth inhibition. Enzymatic assays assessed the antidiabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), dermo-protective (tyrosinase and elastase), and neuroprotective (AChE and BChE) activities. Both oils displayed substantial inhibitory effects across all tested activities, with variations attributed to their distinct chemical compositions. In silico analyses of six target enzymes confirmed significant binding affinities of the major compounds. Notably, 2,2'-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol) exhibited strong binding affinities with AChE, BChE, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and elastase, with binding energies ranging from -10.0 to -6.2 kcal/mol.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Saudi Coriandrum sativum L. Seed Extract: A Potential Natural Preservative for Enhancing Food Safety and Shelf Life

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract of Saudi Coriandrum sativum L. seeds against bacteria that cause food contamination and food poisoning. Methods: The study utilized an aqueous extract of Saudi Coriandrum sativum L. seeds to assess its antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains associated with food contamination and food poisoning. The bacterial strains tested included Streptococcus sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes. The bacteria were exposed to the extract for a period of 72 hours, after which their growth rates were measured and categorized to determine the extract's effectiveness in inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Results: The bacterial isolates were divided into three groups based on their growth rates after 72 hours of exposure to the aqueous extract. The first group, which demonstrated the highest susceptibility, included Streptococcus sp. and Enterococcus faecalis, with an average growth reduction of 9.2%. The second group, comprising Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, exhibited an average growth reduction of 22.5%. The third group, which included Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes, showed the least susceptibility, with an average growth reduction of 45.8%. Conclusions: The aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum L. seeds has shown effective inhibition of bacterial growth. While additional research is needed to fully assess its potential, the extract could be recommended as a natural preservative in the food industry. It has the potential to extend shelf life, improve food quality, and safeguard consumer health.

Capability lignin from Acacia crassicarpa black liquor as an environmentally benign antibacterial agent to produce antibacterial and hydrophobic textiles

Recently, the growing health awareness of society on the utilization of fabrics has led to an increasing demand for natural-based antibacterial textiles. Lignin, a generous polyphenol compound in nature, is capable of preventing bacterial growth; in particular, it dwells bacteria closely together on human skin, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the antibacterial properties of lignin are limited by factors such as the lignin concentration, source, and type of bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of lignin as an antibacterial agent for textiles. Moreover, the thermal properties and wettability of the textile after lignin coating were also investigated. This study showed that lignin isolation methods significantly contributed to the inhibition of bacterial growth in the clear zone diameter. In addition, the lignin structure, lignin concentration, and type of bacteria had notably different antibacterial effects. SEM images showed that lignin was successfully coated on the fiber, and the antibacterial textile was successfully fabricated with clear zones in the range of 0.1–0.5 cm against four different bacteria. Lignin did not significantly improve the thermal stability of the textile, as proven by the TGA results. After the HDTMS coating by dispersion method, the wettability of the lignin-textile improved to that of the hydrophobic material, with a contact angle greater than 119.05° with excellent antibacterial properties (clear zone of 0.1–0.43 cm).

Evaluation of physiochemical and in-vitro characteristics of Ixora Coccinea mediated Co3O4 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of toxic textile dye effluents

Discharging colored wastewater from the textile industry into water bodies disrupts the natural ecosystem and reduces the productivity of aquatic life. It is challenging to degrade complex dye molecules, including pathogens and bacteria. This research article deals with the photocatalytic activity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles mediated Ixora coccinea plant extract for industry effluent treatment applications. The green synthesized nanoparticles were found to have high crystallinity and purity, cubic crystal structure, and spherical morphology with 21.5 nm crystallite size. Further, the biological properties, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and bacterial growth inhibition activity, were evaluated. With 88 % and 83 % bacterial growth inhibition, the antibacterial activity showed a maximum bacterial zone inhibition of 31 ± 0.4 mm for positive and 29 ± 0.3 mm for harmful bacterial strains. Then, the level of scavenging free radicals measured about 93.87 %. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated against the textile dyes under direct sunlight irradiation. The maximum dye degradation was achieved for Alizarin red (85.2 %), Crystal violet (90.7 %), Reactive black (94.5 %), and Rhodamine B (96.4 %) dyes at the end of 90 min of irradiation. Moreover, this research paper introduces a method for creating cobalt nanoparticles using natural and sustainable approaches. These nanoparticles have potential in several fields, such as medicine, catalysis, and water remediation.

Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Toxicities of Ethanol Extracts from Curcuma Mangga, Zingiber Officinale and Zingiber Montanum

The objectives of this study were to determine and to compare total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities and toxicities of ethanol extracts from Curcuma mangga, Zingiber officinale and Zingiber montanum. The study was performed by determinations of 1) TPC using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and TFC using colorimetric method of aluminum chloride, 2) antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay, 3) antibacterial activities through evaluation inhibition of bacterial growth, MIC and MBC against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, 4) anti-inflammatory activity using Griess reaction to measure nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and 5) toxicities using lethality assay in brine shrimps and MTT assay in the RAW 264.7 cells. The results revealed that all the extracts possess TPC and TFC, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities which the highest TPC and TFC and strongest activities were found in the Z. montanum extract. However, the extracts showed mildly to moderately toxic to brine shrimps, consider to Artemia salina nauplii, and nontoxic to the RAW 264.7 cells. And also, the results confirm the utilization of these extracts for the treatment and/or management of diseases that related to antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

Evaluation of the biocide activity of tomatine-rich extracts from tomato cannery residues against fungi and bacteria

Synthetic pesticides are discouraged for their environmental and health impacts, making research into alternatives essential. Several solutions of vegetal origin are being evaluated. The use of residual biomass from the agri-food system is particularly suitable due to its abundance and often unexplored potential. This study focuses on characterizing and assessing the activity of extracts obtained from wastes of the tomato cannery industry (including green fruit, stems, and leaves), which are rich in steroidal glycoalkaloids such as α-tomatine and tomatidine in different proportion. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was tested on three bacterial strains belonging to the Escherichia coli (EC), Xanthomonas campestris (XC), and Bacillus pumilus (BP) species, as well as the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea (BC). In particular, the mechanism of action of the extracts in relation to their surfactant properties was investigated, with the effect of the analytical standard serving as a reference. Both extracts showed strong inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth in vitro, with values reaching 100 %.The inhibitory effect was mainly due to the presence of α-tomatine in the extracts, which reached its aggregated state of micelle at the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Tomatidine, although known for its biocidal properties, did not contribute significantly due to its limited solubility. However, exceptions to this pattern were observed for extract rich in tomatidine, which exhibited efficacy at doses below the CMC. A possible explanation could be the enhanced solubility of tomatidine (which corresponds to enhanced bioactivity) in the presence of surfactant secreted by BP or as a consequence of the interaction between tomatidine and α-tomatine at the pre-micellar state for BC. In vivo assays with BC showed a reduction in symptoms comparable to that of a commercial fungicide available for organic agriculture, particularly at low concentrations. The relative content of α-tomatidine and tomatidine in the extracts modulated their bioactivity. An excess of tomatidine relative to α-tomatine led to a decrease in biocidal effect due to the chemical interactions among these species.

Inhibitory effects of potassium sorbate and ZnO nanoparticles on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in milk-based beverage

Antibacterial substances have played a crucial role in food preservation. Herein, the inhibitory effects of potassium sorbate and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in milk-based beverages were examined through the determination of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with an automated method for measuring bacterial growth curves. We revealed that the MICs of potassium sorbate and ZnO NPs against E. coli were 16.0 mg/mL and 8.0 mg/mL, respectively. While against S. aureus they were 24.0 mg/mL and 8.0 mg/mL, respectively. ZnO NPs demonstrated higher antibacterial efficacy compared to potassium sorbate. The combination of potassium sorbate and ZnO NPs showed an indifferent effect on E. coli, but an additive effect on S. aureus. The addition of 3 × MIC of either potassium sorbate or ZnO NPs resulted in a complete suppression of bacterial growth for 5 days. This study underscored the efficacy of potassium sorbate and ZnO NPs, either alone or in combination, in combating E. coli and S. aureus, highlighting their potential commercial utility in safeguarding milk-based beverages from spoilage.

Electrospun Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle/Aloe Vera Extract-Loaded Nanofibrous Poly(Ethylene Oxide)/Polyurethane Mats As Diabetic Wound Dressings.

Currently the prevalence of diabetic wounds brings a huge encumbrance onto patients, causing high disability and mortality rates and a major medical challenge for society. Therefore, in this study, we are targeting to fabricate aloe vera extract infused biocompatible nanofibrous patches to facilitate the process of diabetic wound healing. Additionally, clindamycin has been adsorbed onto the surface of in-house synthesized ceria nanoparticles and again used separately to design a nanofibrous web, as nanoceria can act as a good drug delivery vehicle and exhibit both antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties. Various physicochemical characteristics such as morphology, porosity, and chemical composition of the produced nanofibrous webs were investigated. Bacterial growth inhibition and antibiofilm studies of the nanofibrous materials confirm its antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. An in vitro drug release study confirmed that the nanofibrous mat show a sustained drug release pattern (90% of drug in 96 h). The nanofibrous web containing drug loaded nanoceria not only showed superior in vitro performance but also promoted greater wound contraction (95 ± 2%) in diabetes-induced mice in just 7 days. Consequently, it efficaciously lowers the serum glucose level, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and hepatotoxicity markers as endorsed by various ex vivo tests. Conclusively, this in-house-fabricated biocompatible nanofibrous patch can act as a potential medicated suppository that can be used for treating diabetic wounds in the proximate future.

Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Truncated Analogs of the Scorpion Venom-Derived Peptide IsCT against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and a frequent cause of severe nosocomial infections and fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Its ability to form biofilms has been the main driving force behind its resistance to almost all conventional antibiotics, thereby limiting treatment efficacy. In an effort to discover novel therapeutic agents to fight P. aeruginosa-associated biofilm infections, the truncated analogs of scorpion venom-derived peptide IsCT were synthesized and their anti-biofilm properties were examined. Among the investigated peptides, the IsCT-Δ6-8 peptide evidently showed the most potential anti-P. aeruginosa biofilm activity and the effect was not due to bacterial growth inhibition. The IsCT-Δ6-8 peptide also exhibited inhibitory activity against the production of pyocyanin, an important virulence factor of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the IsCT-Δ6-8 peptide significantly suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide and interleukin-6 in P. aeruginosa LPS-induced macrophages. Due to its low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, the IsCT-Δ6-8 peptide emerges as a promising candidate with significant anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings highlight its potential application in treating P. aeruginosa-related biofilm infections.

Investigation into the impact of certain leaf extracts derived from Inula viscosa L. on various strains of pathogenic bacteria in poultry

The study was designed to investigate the efficacy of acetone, ethanol, hexane, diethyl ether, and aqueous extracts from clay plants against four pathogenic bacteria commonly found in poultry: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium perfringens. The research took place in the microbiology and drug laboratories of the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Tartous, as well as the microbiology laboratory at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Tishreen University. Tayon plant leaves were harvested in October and November of 2021 from the Safita region, dried, and stored for future use. The susceptibility tests were carried out on the four bacteria under investigation using the five different extracts. The findings revealed that Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium perfringens were all impacted by the extracts, except for Escherichia coli which displayed resistance to acetone, ethanol, hexane, and diethyl ether extracts, but not to the aqueous extract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa also exhibited resistance to the diethyl ether extract at concentrations of 20 and 40 μl, with no inhibition zone observed. At a concentration of 80 μl, the largest average diameter of the bacterial growth inhibition zone was observed for the acetone extract (4.82, 24.95, 15.41, and 22.14 mm), ethanol (9.32, 28.11, 22.98, and 29.24 mm), hexane (6.42, 18.91, 13.23, and 17.47 mm), diethyl ether (9.33, 21.22, 9.56, and 18.75 mm), and aqueous extract (23.45, 26.22, 15.71, and 24.12 mm), respectively, in comparison to concentrations of 20 and 40 microliters and the control. These results suggest that the plant leaf extracts possess antimicrobial properties against the pathogenic bacterial strains tested, indicating their potential as natural sources of antibiotics in the future.

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its antibacterial Activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have wide-ranging applications and can be synthesized using environmentally friendly green synthesis methods as an alternative to conventional approaches. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an extremely perilous bacterium known for its multidrug-resistant (MDR) nature, posing a significant threat to hospitalized patients and those with compromised immune systems. The bacterium's ability to withstand multiple antibiotics, combined with its capacity to form biofilms, contributes to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. The intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa, along with its ability to form biofilms, further complicates treatment and exacerbates the severity of infections, particularly in susceptible patient populations. Objective: The main objective of this study was to utilize extracts from Ocimum basilicum leaves in a green synthesis approach to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, the research aimed to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of these synthesized nanoparticles against P. aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the leaf extract of O. basilicum plants under various parameters. The biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was verified using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy. Specifically, they demonstrated antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa pathogens. Different concentrations of both O. basilicum extract and synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were tested against P. aeruginosa and observed antibacterial activity. Results: indicated that the ZnO NPs synthesized from O. basilicum exhibited stronger antibacterial activity compared to the plant extract alone. The most effective concentrations were found to be 1.0, 1.5, and 3 mg/ml of prepared ZnO nanoparticles. Increasing the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles resulted in enhanced inhibition of bacterial growth in P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The green synthesis of ZnO NPs using plant extracts has demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa. The high concentration of the ZnO NPs resulted in larger inhibition zones at higher concentrations. These findings underscore the possibility of green-synthesized ZnO NPs as an antimicrobial agent for P. aeruginosa. The environmentally friendly and cost-effective nature of the green synthesis method further enhances its appeal for future applications in antibacterial treatments.

Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of functionalized terpyridine silver(I) complexes

Eight terpyridine ligands, 4′-methoxy-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L1), 2′-methoxy-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L2), 4′-hydroxyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L3), 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2″-tepyridine (L4), 2′-pyridinyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L5), 3′-pyridinyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L6), 2′-furanyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L7), and 2′-thiophenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L8) were developed as multidentate chelating systems with AgSCN, AgOAc, and AgCN to produce twenty four silver(I) terpyridine complexes (1–24). The silver(I) complexes were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques, which suggest their distorted tetrahedral geometry. The single crystal X-ray diffraction of 23 revealed its dinuclear behaviour in solution by forming distorted tetrahedral and linear geometries around two silver(I) metal centres. The synthesized compounds were investigated for antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae at different concentrations. Complex 7 with a 2-furanylterpyridine moiety and with thiocyanate coordinating to the metal central had notable activity compared to Ciprofloxacin against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and MRSA, but less than silver(I)-sulfadiazine. Complexes 9 and 15 with the 4-methoxy moiety and the 2-furanyl moieties also showed significant bacterial growth inhibition. Generally, AgOAc complexes had higher activity at low concentrations.

Anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant potential of new biologically active thiazole-derivatives: Experimental and molecular docking studies

In this study, we synthesised and characterised a series of thiazole derivatives (compounds 3a–j) and assessed their potential for anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities. The anti-diabetic potential of the compounds was assessed by measuring their inhibition of key enzymes involved in blood glucose regulation. Compound 3i demonstrated the highest α-Amylase inhibition activity (IC50 value: 18.68 µg/mL), while compounds 3i and 3c exhibited significant α-Glucosidase inhibition (IC50 values: 20.25 and 22.63 µg/mL respectively), even surpassing the control drug, Acarbose (IC50 value: 33.77 µg/mL). Interestingly, most of the compounds displayed favourable dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibition and DPPH scavenging ability, with compound 3i showing the highest DPP IV inhibition ability (IC50 value: 23.81 µg/mL) and most robust anti-oxidant potential (IC50 value: 2.50 µg/mL). Additionally, anti-bacterial studies against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli revealed compounds 3i and 3c as effective inhibitors of bacterial growth. The MICs (4, 16, 16, and 32 µg/mL) and MBCs (4, 32, 32, and 16 µg/mL) respectively of the compounds supported their potential application in controlling and preventing bacterial growth. These results provide valuable insights into the multifunctional properties of the new thiazole derivatives and their potential in managing diabetes, combating bacterial infections, and serving as anti-oxidants.

Atomic force microscopic investigations of transient early-stage bacterial adhesion and antibacterial activity of silver and ceria modified bioactive glass

Bioactive glass 58S (BG58S) is widely recognised for its bioactivity and antibacterial properties, making it a promising material for orthopaedic implant applications. This study investigates the effects of incorporating silver (BG58S-2.5Ag) and cerium oxide (BG58S-5C) into BG58S on early-stage bacterial adhesion and subsequent bacterial growth inhibition. Using a high-intensity ball milling approach, BG58S was modified with 5% cerium oxide (CeO2) and 2.5% silver (Ag) nanoparticles to create homogeneous BG58S-2.5Ag and BG58S-5C nanocomposites. Custom-made biomineral probes were employed to measure the bacterial adhesion within one second of contact with Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results demonstrated that BG58S-2.5Ag showed significantly stronger transient adhesion to bacteria compared to BG58S, leading to a more effective long-term antibacterial response. Additionally, it was observed that the antibacterial effect of Ag commenced within one second of contact. These findings indicate a potential correlation between the rate of bond strengthening and cell wall penetration. This study highlights the potential for enhancing the effectiveness of antibacterial implant surfaces for various biomaterial applications.Graphical abstract

Fabrication and characterization of an innovative g-C3N4/calcium/aloe vera enriched PVA-bacterial cellulose wound dressing: A novel approach to diabetic wound management

Nanofiber scaffolds are of particular interest due to the conducive conditions they offer for wound healing. The objective and novelty of this study was to fabricate graphitic carbon nitride/calcium/aloe vera nanocomposites and PVA/bacterial cellulose/calcium/aloe vera nanofibers via electrospinning in preparation for their application as wound dressings. Initial evaluations and production of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), g-C3N4/calcium solution, and g-C3N4/calcium/Aloe Vera solution were conducted using XRD and FTIR, which accordingly, the results confirmed the successful integration of every component within the nanocomposite structure. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the developed materials was assessed using the bacterial growth inhibitor (MIC). The results indicated that the materials possessed sufficient antibacterial activity against both gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative E. coli bacteria with a dilution of 1/512. The nanofibers that were generated were subsequently examined using XRD and SEM techniques with a thickness of 250 nm. Also, the evaluation of the mechanical properties was performed by subjecting PVA/BC/g-C3N4/Ca/Aloe vera nanofibers to tensile strength testing and biodegradation, which these revealed 61.0 % of elongation, and 7 % of biodegradability in 96 h. The outcomes demonstrated that the nanocomposite possessed adequate extension capacity and robust strength. Utilizing an animal model, the developed nanofibers were utilized to examine the healing of diabetic lesions. The wound healing process was observed to be accelerated by these nanofibers after a 21-day period. The area of the lesion measured 0.9891 cm2.

Inhibition of Microbial Growth and Biofilm Formation in Pure and Mixed Bacterial Samples.

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, requires large amounts of water to extract fossil fuel from rock formations. As a result of hydraulic fracturing, the briny wastewater, often termed back-produced fracturing or fracking water (FW), is pumped into holding ponds. One of the biggest challenges with produced water management is controlling microbial activity that could reduce the pond water's reusable layer and pose a significant environmental hazard. This study focuses on the characterization of back-produced water that has been hydraulically fractured using chemical and biological analysis and the development of a high-throughput screening method to evaluate and predict the antimicrobial effect of four naturally and commercially available acidic inhibitors (edetic acid, boric acid, tannic acid, and lactic acid) on the growth of the FW microbiome. Liquid cultures and biofilms of two laboratory model strains, the vegetative Escherichia coli MG1655, and the spore-forming Bacillus atrophaeus (also known as Bacillus globigii, BG) bacteria, were used as reference microorganisms. Planktonic bacteria in FW were more sensitive to antimicrobials than sessile bacteria in biofilms. Spore-forming BG bacteria exhibited more sensitivity to acidic inhibitors than the vegetative E. coli cells. Organic acids were the most effective bacterial growth inhibitors in liquid culture and biofilm.

Molecular Periphery Design Allows Control of the New Nitrofurans Antimicrobial Selectivity.

A series of 13 new 3-substituted 5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles was synthesized from different aminonitriles. All compounds were screened in the disc diffusion test at a 100 μg/mL concentration to determine the bacterial growth inhibition zone presence and diameter, and then the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the most active compounds by serial dilution. The compounds showed antibacterial activity against ESKAPE bacteria, predominantly suppressing the growth of 5 species out of the panel. Some compounds had similar or lower MICs against ESKAPE pathogens compared to ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and furazidin. In particular, 3-azetidin-3-yl-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (2h) inhibited S. aureus at a concentration lower than all comparators. Compound 2e (5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-3-[4-(pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole) was active against Gram-positive ESKAPE pathogens as well as M. tuberculosis. Differences in the molecular periphery led to high selectivity for the compounds. The induced-fit docking (IFD) modeling technique was applied to in silico research. Molecular docking results indicated the targeting of compounds against various nitrofuran-associated biological targets.